Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using wine-processing waste sludge

Dye wastewaters usually contain toxins and high chroma, making them difficult to treat with biological methods. The adsorption process plays an important role in removing dyes from wastewaters. This study aimed to explore the methylene blue (MB) adsorption mechanism by wine-processing waste sludge (WPWS). The WPWS contains a high cation-exchange capacity (64.2 cmol(c) kg(-1)) and organic matter (52.8%). The parameters affecting MB adsorption included pH, initial concentration of MB, reaction temperature, particle size and dosage of WPWS. The WPWS adsorption isotherms of MB were only well described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Q(m)) of MB was 285.7 mg g(-1) at 25 °C. The activation energy determined by Arrhenius equation is 29.995 kJ mol(-1). Under steady-state reaction conditions, the Gibb free energy (ΔG°) ranged from -24.607 to -27.092 kJ mol(-1) and ΔH° was -8.926 kJ mol(-1), indicating that lower reaction temperature would favor MB adsorption. Therefore, MB adsorption by WPWS was a spontaneous, exothermic and physisorption reaction.     

纳滤膜对饮用水中可同化有机碳的去除效果

考察了纳滤膜对饮用水中有机物和可同化有机碳(AOC)的去除效果。对纳滤膜进水和出水进行了AOC的相对分子质量分布测定,分析AOC和有机物相对分子质量分布间的关系,探讨纳滤膜去除AOC的机理。结果表明,纳滤膜能有效地去除TOC和UV254,去除率均高达95%以上;在不同季节,自来水中AOC浓度有显著的变化,其中AOCP17约占AOC总量的60%~70%;纳滤膜对饮用水中AOC的去除率约为60%,其去除效果受到筛分效应和电荷效应的双重影响。AOC多与相对分子质量小于1000的有机物有关。     

活性炭纤维去除饮用水中卤乙酸的性能研究

对活性炭纤维(ACF)吸附水中卤乙酸(HAAs)的效果及影响因素进行研究.静态试验表明,ACF吸附三氯乙酸(TCAA)的能力大于二氯乙酸(DCAA),初始浓度、pH和干扰物质对ACF吸附HAAs均有不同程度的影响.动态试验表明,当ACF对HAAs的吸附达到吸附穿透时间后,其吸附床层溶液的出口浓度急剧上升,吸附量显著下降.流速越大,ACF炭层越易穿透.当流速为15 mm/s 时,DCAA的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量均达到最大,分别为353.4 μg/g和466.1 μg/g.在多基质条件下,穿透时间明显提前,DCAA和TCAA的穿透吸附量相比单基质条件下分别降低了50%和35%左右.     

木质纤维素对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以木质纤维素为吸附剂,分析吸附时间、初始浓度、pH值、温度等因素对木质纤维素吸附亚甲基蓝阳离子染料的影响.结果表明:木质纤维素对亚甲基蓝吸附300min后达到平衡,初始浓度超过180mg/L后吸附量不再增加,pH值由2增加到8时,吸附量由23.0mg/g增加到40.1 mg/g,温度对吸附量呈现先增大后减小的趋势.讨论...     

Camellia oleifera Abel shells as a new biosorbent to remove methylene blue from aqueous solutions

This study aimed at investigating the feasibility of using Camellia oleifera Abel shell (COAS), an agriculture product in middle-west region in China, for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB), a cationic dye. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature and initial concentration on the adsorption of MB. Adsorption equilibrium studies showed that MB adsorption followed Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 454.54 mg/g. The results demonstrated that the COAS is a promising adsorbent in the removal of MB from aqueous solutions.     

镧改性、钠基和钙基膨润土净化污染河水中磷的效果

研究镧改性、钠基和钙基三种膨润土对河水中磷的去除效果.将1.6 g的镧改性、钠基、钙基膨润土分别投入到800 mL的清河河水中,清河水水质为劣Ⅴ类.试验结果表明镧改性膨润土的磷去除效果优于其他两种,对河水中总磷的平均去除率为77.41%,磷含量在第7天达到Ⅳ类水水质标准.同时镧改性膨润土对氮和含碳有机物也有一定的去除效果,在第7天对总氮的去除率达到最高值50.78%,在第3天对含碳有机物的去除率为18.34%.     

中水湿地去氮效果研究

以山东省平阴中水湿地为研究对象,通过对湿地水体、底泥的氨态氮(NH3-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)沿程变化的分析,研究湿地对中水中氮(N)的去除效果。结果表明:湿地对水体中NH3-N的去除效果较好,而作为水体中N主要存在形式的NO3--N沿水流方向却呈增加趋势,微生物硝化作用强烈。底泥中总氮(TN)沿水流方向也呈增加趋势,累计效应比较明显。研究结果为湿地设计的进一步改进提供理论支持。     

富营养化水源水中嗅味物质的去除技术

介绍了富营养化水源水中嗅味物质的来源,讨论了放线菌和藻类数量与嗅味物质浓度之间的关系,分析了吸附、生物氧化、二氧化钛光催化氧化、臭氧—生物活性炭等工艺对饮用水中嗅味物质的去除效果。针对原水中嗅味物质的种类和浓度不同,应采取不同的处理工艺,来满足消费者对水质的要求。     

改性沸石粉和聚氯化铝铁联用对藻类去除的研究

采用"改性沸石粉+聚氯化铝铁"联用的强化混凝方法,对水中藻类和浊度的去除进行了研究。考察了改性沸石粉和聚氯化铝铁(PAFC)投加量、药剂投加方式、混凝沉淀时间、pH等因素对除藻去浊效果的影响,并对比分析了强化混凝与预氯化除藻的效果及对三氯甲烷的影响。结果表明,"改性沸石粉+聚氯化铝铁"联用强化混凝方法的除藻去浊效果良好,明显优于单独投加PAFC;将改性沸石粉先于PAFC投加,在适宜的试验条件下,浊度和藻总量的去除率可分别达到85.78%和90.07%;采用强化混凝方法替代预氯化方法除藻,不仅可以提高藻类的去除率,而且不产生预氯化副产物三氯甲烷等"三致"化合物。     

机制砂亚甲蓝值对混凝土性能的影响研究

研究了机制砂亚甲蓝(MB)值与石粉、粘土含量及粘土特性的关系,试验分析了机制砂MB值在0.35～2.5范围变化对新拌混凝土的工作性、塑性收缩开裂特性以及硬化混凝土的力学性能、干缩和耐久性的影响.结果表明,MB值与机制砂中的石粉含量无关,而与粘土含量成正比,同时发现MB值也显著受粘土液限指数的影响.随机制砂邶值的提高,新拌混凝土的工作性下降,硬化混凝土抗折强度和7 d抗压强度降低明显,对28 d抗压强度影响不大.同时,机制砂MB值的提高,增大了混凝土的塑性开裂程度和干缩,显著加快了混凝土的冻融破坏速度,轻微降低了混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能.对混凝土性能不产生明显劣化的机制砂MB临界值约为1.4.     

臭氧生物活性炭深度处理饮用水中抗生素的研究

介绍了饮用水中抗生素污染的来源及潜在危害,阐述了臭氧氧化及生物活性炭技术处理微量抗生素污染的机理,概括了最近几年国内外关于饮用水中抗生素物质控制技术的研究成果,指出臭氧生物活性碳技术在抗生素微污染水处理领域的广泛应用前景。     

维多利亚艳蓝BO光度法测定水中痕量溴酸盐

建立一种高灵敏测定水中痕量溴酸盐的新方法.酸性水溶液中,过量的碘离子被溶液中溴酸盐氧化生成Ⅰ3-.磷酸-磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液中,乳化剂OP共存下,Ⅰ3-离子与维多利亚艳蓝BO(VPB BO)反应生成艳蓝色离子缔合物,分光光度法测定水溶液中痕量溴酸盐.在580 nm波长处,缔合物表观摩尔吸光系数可高达105数量级.应用该方法测定饮用水中痕量溴酸盐并进行回收实验,测定结果令人满意.VPB BO分光光度法测定水中痕量溴酸盐具有灵敏度高、操作简便、快速、准确等优点.     

Adsorption characteristics of methylene blue onto agricultural wastes lotus leaf in bath and column modes

The adsorption potential of lotus leaf to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated in batch and fixed-bed column experiments. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Koble-Corrigan isotherm models were employed to discuss the adsorption behavior. The results of analysis indicated that the equilibrium data were perfectly represented by Temkin isotherm and the Langmuir saturation adsorption capacity of lotus leaf was found to be 239.6 mg g(-1) at 303 K. In fixed-bed column experiments, the effects of flow rate, influent concentration and bed height on the breakthrough characteristics of adsorption were discussed. The Thomas and the bed-depth/service time (BDST) models were applied to the column experimental data to determine the characteristic parameters of the column adsorption. The two models were found to be suitable to describe the dynamic behavior of MB adsorbed onto the lotus leaf powder column.     

固定化细胞去除废水中硝态氮的试验研究

通过对常用的聚乙烯醇-硼酸固定化方法优化改进,有效解决了固定化细胞技术在废水处理领域推广应用中所面临的机械强度小、易破碎、发胀粘连和带气上浮等问题。对包埋固定化反硝化菌与未包埋反硝化菌处理含硝态氮的废水进行比较,结果表明:固定化反硝化菌在不适宜的pH值、温度和有氧条件下均比未包埋菌具有明显的耐受性,表现出良好的反硝化特性,并且能和硝化细菌在同一反应器中进行单级生物脱氮,总氮去除率达到52%,因而在处理含氮废水中具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Removal of arsenic from groundwater by arsenite-oxidizing bacteria

The presence of arsenic in groundwater has been of great public concern because of its high toxicity. For purification of arsenic-contaminated groundwater, bacterial oxidation of arsenite, As(III), with a chemical adsorption process was examined in this study. After As(III) oxidation to arsenate, As(V), arsenic is easily removable from contaminated groundwater because As(V) is more adsorptive to absorbents than As(III). By acclimation to As(III) of high concentrations, a mixed culture of heterotrophic bacteria with high As(III)-oxidizing activity was obtained from a soil sample that was free from contamination. With initial concentration up to 1,500 mg l(-1) As(III), the mixed culture showed high As(III)-oxidizing activity at pH values of 7-10 and at temperatures of 25-35 degrees C. The mixed culture contained several genera of heterotrophic As(III)-oxidizing and arsenic-tolerant bacteria: Haemophilus, Micrococcus, and Bacillus. Activated alumina was added to the basal salt medium containing 75 mg l(-1) As(III) before and after bacterial oxidation. Arsenic removal by activated alumina was greatly enhanced by bacterial oxidation of As(III) to As(V). The isotherms of As(III) and As(V) onto activated alumina verified that bacterial As(III) oxidation is a helpful pretreatment process for the conventional adsorption process for arsenic removal.     

蓝藻的特征及其水华防治研究

对微蓝藻的群体性、浮游性、繁殖、移动、毒性和在生物链中的地位等特性作了初步分析,对世界各国的除藻方法进行了总结和比较,在此基础上提出了蓝藻处理方法的一套基本设想,通过现场试验对这套方法进行了验证,结果表明:除藻机运行1 h后,水体表面变得清澈,丝状蓝藻消失,蓝藻成碎屑状存在,表明除藻机去除蓝藻的效果是非常明显的.并进一步分析了该方法今后发展的方向.     

考虑蓝、绿水区别的水权界定研究

在水资源产权配置过程中引入蓝水和绿水的概念,分别建立了不同准则下只考虑蓝水分配和同时考虑蓝绿水分配的流域水权配置模型。对区域间传输水量做了深入探讨,并且指明了该参数在调水行为中(区内调水和区外调水)的实际意义。将此模型应用于汉江流域的水资源配置中,针对汉江流域的实际情况提出了对分叉型河流流域的处理方法,得到了各种模型不同准则下各个分区的水权分配结果,为汉江流域初始水权界定方案的研究提供了科学理论依据。     

Removal of manganese from water using combined chelation/membrane separation systems.

The addition of the chelating polymer polyacrylic acid (PAA) to assist in the removal of manganese from groundwater by membranes was investigated using membranes with different pore sizes under various operating conditions. Negligible manganese removal was achieved with the UF and NF membranes at acidic pH values, but removals exceeding 90% could be achieved at elevated pH (pH 9), presumably due to the formation of manganese hydroxides. Mn removal increased substantially when PAA was added to the feed solution, due to chelation of Mn by the PAA and rejection of the chelates by the membranes. The chelate could be broken at acidic pH, releasing free PAA that could then be separated from the Mn ions and reused. Smaller PAA molecules were lost in the first regeneration cycle, but negligible PAA was lost in subsequent cycles. In the systems with PAA, nitrate ions were rejected more efficiently than in the PAA-free systems, presumably because of electrical repulsion between nitrate ions and PAA sorbed on the membrane surface. With increasing PAA dose, the volumetric flux first decreased and then increased; the latter result was accompanied by a change in the physical-chemical form of the polymers, as indicated by an increase in turbidity.     

净水工艺对多环芳烃和卤代烷烃类污染物去除效果分析

研究了中试中3种不同处理工艺及丹江口市某净水厂对丹江口水源水中多环芳烃和卤代烷烃类污染物的去除效果,并评价了不同处理工艺段出水中该类污染物浓度水平,以及出厂水对不同季节、不同消费习惯人群的致癌风险。结果表明,混凝沉淀可以去除大多数有机有毒污染物,后续的过滤过程能进一步加强有机有毒污染物的去除效果。出水中残留的多环芳烃和卤代烷烃类污染物对北京市人群的总致癌风险处于10-7～10-6水平,健康风险处于很低水平。     

膨润土负载纳米零价铁去除水中铅的研究

将纳米零价铁通过液态还原法负载于膨润土上,目的是为了比较负载对提高纳米零价铁去除重金属铅的能力的影响。从负载后扫描电镜图像中可以看出,负载后的纳米零价铁分散度更好。在相同投加量下,负载了纳米零价铁的膨润土对重金属铅的去除能力要远高于膨润土和纳米零价铁。铅的起始浓度为200mg／L,膨润土＋纳米零价铁的复合材料在0．4g／L的投加量下,去除率就达到90％以上。对材料的动力学研究结果则表明：纳米零价铁的反应速度较快,大部分的铅的去除都在1h以内完成。将吸附动力学实验结果进行一级和二级动力学反应拟合。二级拟和的线性相关系数明显高于一级。说明纳米零价铁和膨润土＋纳米零价铁复合材料与铅的反应更符合二级动力学反应假设。另外,纳米零价铁对铅的去除受到起始浓度的影响较大,而膨润土＋纳米零价铁则基本不受起始浓度的影响。