Model for real-time optimal flood control operation of a reservoir system

A methodology and model have been developed for the real-time optimal flood operation of river-reservoir systems. This methodology is based upon combining a nonlinear programming model with a flood-routing simulation model within an optimal control framework. The generalized reduced gradient code GRG2 is used to perform the nonlinear optimization and the simulator is the U.S. National Wheather Service DWOPER code. Application of the model is illustrated through a case study of Lake Travis on the Lower Colorado River in Texas.     

基于线性预测控制算法的明渠实时控制研究

针对纵坡较缓、渠池槽蓄量大且完全处于回水区的大型串联渠池中的水位控制问题,本文以南水北调中线工程最后6级渠池为研究对象,通过建立多级串联渠道的离散线性状态空间方程,设计用于多级串联渠池的线性预测控制算法,并采用低通滤波器对控制算法中需要用到的实时水位观测信息进行处理。研究结果表明采用低通滤波处理后的水位信息进行实时控制时能够消除没有明显回水区渠池中发生的水位波动,达到稳定控制的效果。在分水不可预知情况,预测控制算法起到集中反馈控制的效果,控制效果与线性二次型最优控制的控制效果类似;而在分水可预知情况,预测控制算法能提前于分水变化进行闸门控制,起到前馈控制的作用,进一步优化控制效果。     

长距离调水工程最优控制数学模型

为了降低输水成本,利用电网峰荷期和基荷期不同的电价及最优化原理,提出了一种针对长距离复杂调水工程的最优输水控制方法。建立了在一个运行周期内,使整个渠道输水费用最低为目标函数的最优输水控制控制模型。算例结果表明,较传统的渠道控制方法,用本优化模型控制渠道运行,可大量减少输水成本,减少泵站开停机次数,且能保持渠道内水流稳定,保证渠道安全运行,是一种较理想的远距离复杂渠道输水控制方法。     

RIONET: a water quality management tool for river basins.

The water quality management tool RIONET for river basins has been developed with regard to the EU Water Framework Directive. The management tool can simulate the water quality in catchment basins not only in the dimension of a single river but in whole river networks. A submodel of the IWA River Water Quality Model No. 1 is used in RIONET. The river model is based on the assumption that self purification processes in the river takes place both in the benthic biofilm and the bulk water phase. Laboratory experiments with sediment cores underline the major role of the benthic biofilm. The input parameters of the management tool such as volumetric flow rates from waste water treatment plants and flow velocities and discharge in the main river and its tributaries can be loaded directly from geographic information systems (GIS). The subcatchment basin of the river Bode in Saxon Anhalt was used for test runs of RIONET.     

monEAU: a platform for water quality monitoring networks.

Continuous monitoring of water quality creates huge amounts of data and therefore requires new concepts to guarantee high data quality and to prevent data graveyards. Monitoring stations commonly used in practice today suffer from insufficient flexibility and a lack of standardization. That is, although a lot of monitoring tasks are comparable and should lead to robust and powerful platforms, most monitoring stations are case specific developments.In this paper the underlying ideas of a new generation of monitoring networks is described. First a problem analysis of monitoring stations typically seen in current river monitoring practice is outlined, then the monEAU vision on monitoring networks will be discussed together with an overview of a planned system set-up with innovative data evaluation concept.     

流域水资源实时调控方法和模型研究

本文采用控制论和临界调控理论,提出流域水资源实时多维临界调控的概念和方法。以黄河下游为例,通过对水资源实时调控过程和不同调控结构的特征分析,建立了黄河小浪底以下河段枯水实时调度模型,并提出了求解方法。该模型以水库调度、河段配水和流量预警控制相结合的调控方式,采用多时间步长嵌套和滚动修正,实现黄河下游水资源实时调控。应用结果表明,该模型技术可靠,具有可操作性。     

水环境实时调控决策支持系统的开发与应用

以建立水环境实时调控决策支持系统为目标,集成综合数据监测体系、数据库、流域入河污染物负荷模型、河流水环境模型、水环境承载能力与污染负荷动态调控模型、GIS平台等众多模块,提出了系统组成的总体框架,分析了多种数学模型间的集成链接方法、GIS显示体系与数学模型间的交互方法、水环境状态实时模拟与基于调控措施的方案模拟等系统集成的关键环节,提出了水环境实时调控与数字化管理功能在复杂大系统中的实现思路与方法,为复杂水环境调控系统的开发与集成提供了简单实用的集成模式。系统在北运河水系水环境管理中的应用结果表明:该系统方法实现了北运河的实时调控模拟,提高了区域水环境管理的智能化水平。研究成果对水环境实时调控与决策系统的建立及精细化管理具有重要的参考价值。     

多级串联明渠调水工程多目标水位预测控制模型研究

针对传统的明渠水位预测控制模型无法考虑闸门调控次数限制的问题,本文在以往的预测控制目标中加入了流量调整惩罚量,构造了多目标渠池水位预测控制模型;并采用带有精英排序策略的遗传算法来进行复杂优化问题的求解。将此模型应用于南水北调中线干线工程最后6级渠池的虚拟仿真模型中对模型可靠性进行分析,结果表明在两种测试工况中,本文的多目标预测控制模型相比于传统预测控制模型,能在保持相似的水位控制效果同时使得闸控次数降低43%和52%;而且采用遗传算法求解能考虑闸门死区带来的流量最小变幅约束问题,在需要提前进行流量微调的情况下生成更加合理的调控方案。本文结果也表明,基于水位状态预测模型构造多目标预测控制模型,并采用启发式算法进行优化问题求解,这一思路具有一定可行性。     

对水电项目业务管理关键环节的控制

水利水电工程项目一般规模较大，不可预见的因素和变更多，需要处理的业务工作繁杂，必须找到其关键环节才能理清思路抓住工作重点,实现项目施工生产和经营目标。从项目评估与均衡施工、工程报量与工程结算、成本核算与施工定额、生产协调与现场突发事件处理准备、施工变更补偿与索赔5个方面重点分析业务管理关键环节。使用的控制管理方法为：把工程报量结算当成“开源”全面细致处理；成本核算作为“节流”；推行单机核算和班组核算降消耗减浪费；施工现场加强生产协调和加强处置突发情况训练。对施工生产既要按规范规程操作科学管理，又要注重灵活处理好同建设、监理、设计的协调关系，有理有节地达到变更补偿的要求和目的。融洽内部、外部工作环境，总结好的管理方法延伸到施工工序环节的细微之处，实现项目经济效益目标。     

台湾自来水公司净水厂操作效能评估制度建立及应用

台湾自来水公司净水厂运营效能评估及提升(OPEE)的制度,主要用于对水厂进行整体性的评估并提出改善的建议,以提升处理单元的功效与水厂整体绩效。OPEE制度的水厂操作效能评估主要包含综合操作效能评估(CPE)及综合技术改善咨询(CTA)两个部分。受评估的水厂按供水量分成四类,第一阶段OPEE-CPE针对与各类净水厂运营相关的设计、操作与管理等方面,进行各类效能限制因子的分级,协助水厂提出各项效能限制因子的改善建议方案(包括CTA建议)。之后,借助第二阶段OPEE-CPE的执行确认各效能限制因子改善方案,落实水厂操作效能评估的功效。OPEE-CPE执行结果显示,台湾自来水公司净水厂多缺乏精确的原水流量控制设施,其为影响效能的主要限制因子。     

水泵调速及其控制技术的应用研究

对供水系统的能耗进行分析,阐明水泵采用变频调速技术可以有效地改变其运行工况。通过曲线拟合、建立数学模型和实施实时监控,实现水泵组合方案和调速策略的优化,在满足供水流量和压力前提下使供水能耗最低。     

渠道运行管理自动化的多渠段模型预测控制

采用模型预测控制算法研究多渠段中央集中控制。以渠道过渡过程的状态空问离散方程为基础,运用模型预测控制算法,构造目标方程,采用二次规划法求最优解。建立三渠池串联实验渠道及预测控制模型。分析其运行特性和时域特性,采用Marlab编程对5种初始条件下渠道运行状况进行仿真。结果表明：水流在各种复杂工况下均能快速、平顺地达到稳定,较好地解决了渠道运行中存在的耦合、大滞后问题,系统动态性能和鲁棒性优良。     

解水资源最优分配问题的遗传算法

用基于整数编码和基因换位变异、随机变异及倒位变异等遗传操作的单亲遗传算法 (IPGA)解水资源最优分配 ,并对该单亲遗传算法的全局收敛性和实用性进行了初步分析 .通过算例说明了该算法的可行性和通用性     

Application of a water quality model for determining instream aeration station location and operational rules: A case study

Instream aeration has been used as a supplement to secondary treatment or a substitute for tertiary treatment for meeting dissolved oxygen (DO) standards in rivers. Many studies have used water quality models to determine the number, location, and capacity of instream aeration stations (IASs) needed to meet DO standards in combination with other pollution control measures. DO concentrations have been improved in the North Shore Channel and North Branch Chicago River by the Devon Avenue IAS for more than 35 years. A study was initiated to determine whether it was better to rehabilitate or relocate this station and to determine appropriate operational guidance for the IAS at the selected location. A water quality model capable of simulating DO concentrations during unsteady flow was used to evaluate the proper location for an IAS and operational guidance for this IAS. Three test years, a dry year, a wet year, and an extreme year, were considered in the evaluation. The study found that the Devon Avenue IAS should be rehabilitated as this location performed as well as or better than any of 10 alternative locations. According to the new operational guidance for this IAS, the amount of time with blowers operating could be substantially reduced compared to traditional operations while at the same time the attainment of the DO standards could be increased. This study shows that a carefully designed modeling study is key to effective selection, location, and operation of IASs such that attainment of DO standards can be maximized while operation hours of blowers can be minimized.     

实时预报调度下确定水库汛限水位上限值的研究(英文)

提出了实时预报调度下,综合考虑洪峰预报误差、峰现时间预报误差和下泄能力误差综合影响下的风险约束法,和实时预蓄预泄法相结合的双约束法,得出根据风险约束法推导出的防洪限制水位,作为防洪限制水位的下限值确定的主要依据之一,并将此水位作为实时预蓄水预泄水法有效预泄期末的水位,来确定防洪限制水位的上限值.并运用到罗湾水利枢纽的根据历史水文资料随机虚拟的实时预报校核洪水和1983年的实时预报洪水.结果表明,从防洪风险的角度来分析,完全可以将防洪限制水位的上限值提高到369.82m,水库防洪都是安全的.     

中国古代治水理念对现代治水的启示

中国古人治水历史悠久,创造了许多治水奇迹,虽历经数千年,一些水利工程仍在发挥作用,其考虑问题之周全、工程设计之巧妙,无不令世界瞩目。在前人研究基础上,对古代治水的发展过程进行了总结,对古代治水理念与朴素辩证思想进行了归纳。通过总结分析认识到,古人的成功源于在治水过程中能深刻领会到水的自然规律,以天人合一、阳阳五行等传统哲学作为指导思想,并遵循顺之水性、无为而治等治水理念。在现代治水中,应当学习和吸取古代哲学思想与传统治水理念,并与西方现代文明有机结合,在改造自然的同时,做到人与自然的完美结合,实现江河万古长流、人类社会永续发展。     

Temperature and conductivity as control parameters for pollution-based real-time control.

Most sewer system performance indicators are not easily measurable online at high frequencies in wastewater systems, which hampers real-time control with those parameters. Instead of using a constituent of wastewater, an alternative could be to use characteristics of wastewater that are relatively easily measurable in sewer systems and could serve as indicator parameters for the dilution process of wastewater. This paper focuses on the possibility to use the parameters of temperature and conductivity. It shows a good relation of temperature and conductivity with the dilution of DWF (dry weather flow) during WWF (wet weather flow) a monitoring station in Graz, Austria, as an example. The simultaneous monitoring of both parameters leads to valuable back-up information in case one parameter (temperature) shows no reaction to a storm event. However, for various reasons, anomalies occur in the typical behaviour of both parameters. The frequency and extent of these anomalies will determine the usefulness of the proposed parameters in a system for pollution-based real-time control. Both the normal behaviour and the anomalies will be studied further by means of trend and correlation analyses of data to be obtained from a monitoring network for the parameters of interest that is currently being set up in the Netherlands.     

合流制泵站水安全与水环境两水平衡运行对策探讨

在进一步提高水环境质量的背景下,合流制泵站在快速排除雨水提供防汛保障的同时,面临更加严格的放江监管要求,最大程度减少雨天放江,从而削减合流制系统溢流对水体的污染,是新形势下水安全与水环境两水平衡的更高要求。以上海市典型合流制排水系统为例,分析了两水平衡的内涵,基于排水管网调蓄能力、截流能力和防汛安全调度能力分析,提出了临界降雨的概念和泵站两水平衡调度策略制定方法。     

水库资料在深圳市水资源评价中的应用研究

以深圳市为研究对象 ,分析无水文观测资料地区水资源分析计算现行方法存在的问题 ;提出用水库运行记录数据还原计算获取径流系列资料的思路 ;针对水库记录资料漏记、错记现象提出水库原始记录资料分析处理方法 ,并在分析漏记、错记资料数字特征的基础上 ,实现了计算机辅助分析 ;采用筛选的资料进行资料的插补展延 ,利用空间相关实现资料移用 ,采用多方法进行成果的可靠性分析 ;实际应用表明 ,利用水库资料进行无水文观测资料地区的水资源评价计算是可行的     

大型水利综合类工程良性运行管理体制研究

大型水利综合类工程不能实现良性运行已经成为影响水利改革发展的突出问题。目前大型水利综合类工程的管理体制与管理目标之间存在矛盾，通过分析大型水利综合类工程良性运行的基本内涵与工程管理体制的关系．明确影响大型水利综合类工程管理体制的因素，对于确立新型管理体制，实现工程良性运行有十分重要的意义。