Morbid obesity in women - eating style and quality of life

Morbid obesity has been widely studied due to its high incidence and its bad consequences to health. Studies about obesity have been emphasized some important aspects such as eating styles and quality of life. This study aim to investigate the eating styles and the quality of life of women with morbid obesity, patients in treatment at the Ambulatory of Eating Disorders, University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir?o Preto, University of S?o Paulo. Sixty women were assessed, 30 obese (Body Mass Index--BMI > or = 40 kg/m2) and 30 nonobese (BMI 20 to 25 kg/m2). A semi-structured interview, the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and the Short-form Health Survey: Medical Outcomes Study were used for the assessment, after translate to portuguese and adapted. The data were rated and quantified and the groups were statistically analyzed through the Tests of Mann-Whitney. The groups differed significantly as for restrained (p < or = 0.001) and emotional eating (p < or = 0.01), and did not differ as for external eating. The groups also differed in quality of life, concerning physical and social limitations (p < or = 0.001), the presence of emotional indicators (p < or = 0.001) and general health condition (p < or = 0.001). Findings suggest that eating styles contribute to explain the difficult of eating control--but are not only factor in the obesity characterization. Moreover, morbidly obese women presented a quality of life more compromised and have an adequate perception of their physical, social and emotional limitations. That might favor a therapeutic approach to them.     

Evaluation of the diet of women attended by the Chilean Public Health System

The purpose of this study was to assess the diet quality of women from the Chilean Public Health System, through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). It was studied a stratified sample of 258 women. The mean HEI score was 69.06 +/- 10.44, classifying the food with "needs improvement", less than 70 percent of compliance of specific recommendations. Variables with lower score were vegetables and simple sugars. The HEI showed no differences between social strata, while the findings showed differences between some components. Adolescent achieved the goals of consumption of cereals, vegetables and meat. Less educated women consumed more cereals and dairy products. The poorest women had better score of Sodium and rural women in dairy and sodium. No association was found between nutritional status and HEI. The protective factor for the food quality was the number of health controls during pregnancy. The findings showed that high proportion of women needs changes in her food habits. The HEI can be used for population studies and is effective to assess the effectiveness of policies and health promotion programs. It can help focalize to educational programs to specific goals.     

Sources and consumption of antioxidants in the diet

Vitamin E is the most important tissue antioxidant in preventing or controlling non-specific reactions from various oxidizing species produced in normal metabolism. Through this action, the vitamin protects polyunsaturated fatty acid loss from phospholipids and consequent membrane damage. The U.S. diet has an abundance of vitamin E and normal individuals accumulate effective amounts in their tissues, which is consistent with the latest recommended dietary allowances for vitamin E as indicated by the National Research Council.     

Changes with diet in the composition of phosphatidyl choline of sheep bile

Bile phosphatidyl choline from sheep, in contrast to that from nonruminants, contains low levels of the normal range of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A comparison has been made of the composition of bile phosphatidyl cholines from sheep receiving either a control diet, a control diet supplemented with unprotected maize oil, or a control diet supplemented with soybean oil or tallow that had been protected against hydrolysis and hydrogenation of the rumen. The composition of bile phosphatidyl choline from sheep receiving protected soybean oil supplement was virtually indistinguishable from that from nonruminants.     

Ethnic variation in validity of classification of overweight and obesity using self-reported weight and height in American women and men: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background  

Few data have been published on the validity of classification of overweight and obesity based on self-reported weight in representative samples of Hispanic as compared to other American populations despite the wide use of such data.     

烧成系统旁路放风装置的过程研究与开发设计

为解决原燃料中钾、钠、氯、硫等元素对新型干法窑生产过程造成影响,使系统运行稳定,以保证产品质量.采用窑尾旁路放风装置是目前解决高含量钾、钠、氯问题的有效途径.采用CFD数值模拟技术,利用在开源代码OpenFOAM基础上的开发模型,通过对折流式放风装置的参数化研究,以及与直流式混合室的对比,对两种型式的放风装置进行综合分析.研究结果表明:(1)折流式放风装置,采用低入口风速有利于提高冷却效果;其出口面积的大小影响装置的阻力,据此可通过出口尺寸确定来调整系统平衡;但在出口处会有部分高温区域与器壁相接触,可能造成结皮堵塞.(2)细长型蜗壳折流式混合室的冷却风混合效果不如短蜗壳好. (3)直流式放风装置,在出口处克服了折流式的缺陷,但其进口处也会存在部分高温区域与器壁相接触现象,且其混合强度较弱,需较长的混合距离.     

综合水质指数法对滴水湖水质的评价

正确认识和评价滴水湖水质的变化特征是进行水环境管理的前提。通过监测2006-2009年滴水湖水体溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮(NH3-N)以及总磷(TP)等5种主要污染因子的月度变化,利用综合水质污染指数法进行了比较评价。结果表明2006-2009年间滴水湖湖区整体水质已达到地表水IV类水标准(GB 3838—2002),水质状况有明显好转;有机污染物和总磷是滴水湖水体主要污染因子。     

Blood pressure and obesity of children and adolescents association with body mass index and waist circumference

The objective of this work was to evaluate the association between the average levels of blood pressure of 706 children in Porto Alegre with their nutritional state--body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference--and with their social-economic state. A prevalence of 12.3% (n=87) of high blood pressure was found. According to the BMI, 11% of the sample was obese. 47.7% belonged to the social class with an income less than two monthly minimum salaries. All of the correlations of the SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) with variables in the nutritional state showed to be significant (p < 0.001). What ended up having a stronger association was the BMI and waist circumference with SBP (R = 0.27). This study made it possible to notice that the anthropometric indicator that best is related to the existence of high BP is the BMI along with the waist circumference. This seems to be an easy method that is noninvasive and of low cost to detect the risk of high BP in children and adolescents.     

以科研促进教学,提高应用化学人才培养质量

经过多年的实践与探索,安徽建筑大学应用化学学科在人才培养模式和管理制度方面,形成了以科研促进教学的模式,为提升人才培养质量营造了良好的环境。探索通过科研促进教学,提高课程内容的先进性和实践性,突出实践教学。构建教学与科研良性互动的教学模式,提高教育教学质量的途径,培养学生的创新意识、创新能力和科学研究能力。     

空气自动监测仪器的质量保证和质量控制

环境空气质量自动监测仪器是以自动监测仪器为核心的自动测控系统。文章从质量保证和质量控制方面对大气监测采样设备在实际工作运行中的情况进行技术探讨。并以空气自动监测仪系统的精密度检查、准确度检查的实例进行了技术分析。     

Dietary patterns and its relation with overweight and obesity in Chilean girls of medium-high socioeconomic level

The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns in girls and to assess their association with obesity or overweight. A school-based sample of 108 girls between 8 and 11 years of medium-high socioeconomic level was selected in Santiago, Chile. The body mass index was calculated and a quantified food frequency and physical activity questionnaires (validated in the FAO/MINEDUC/INTA Project Nutritional Education in primary schools) were applied. Four distinct dietary factors or patterns were obtained explaining 54% of the total variation using factorial analysis. The first factor was characterized by an energy-dense diet (high consumption of fat foods, ice creams, chocolates, French fries, snacks). The second factor represented a healthy diet (dairy products, fruits and salads). The third factor represented intake of soft drinks (either with or without sugar). The fourth factor represented a diet rich in calories and sugars (bread, sausages, sweets). The association between the four dietary factors and overweight/obesity was assessed through logistic regression models. The first factor, energy-dense foods, was the only one significantly associated with the presence of obesity (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.12 - 3.09). The results of this research about dietary patterns are consistent with studies carried out in other countries.     

A high-saturated fat diet enriched with phytosterol and pectin affects the fatty acid profile in guinea pigs

This paper presents the results of a study whose aim was to test the effects of several doses of pectin and phytosterols on the body weight gain and the FA content in emale guinea pigs. The treatments resulted from supplementing with pectin and plant sterol a guinea pig diet (rich in saturated FA), following a 3×3 factorial design, with three levels of pectin (0,3.67 and 6.93%) and three levels of phytosterols (0, 1.37, and 2.45%). Seventy-two female Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs were randomly assigned to the treatment groups (8 animals/group), the duration of the treatment being 4 wk. Pectin dietary intake led to a significant increase in body weight (P<0.001), food consumption (P=0.025), and feed efficiency (P<0.001), but no influence of phytosterols on weight gain or food consumption was detected. We found a significant negative effect of the addition of phytosterols on lauric, myristic, and palmitic acid concents in feces, and a positive effect on their concentration in plasma and liver, but no significant effect on stearic acid content. Apparent FA absorption was assessed by calculating the ratio of FA in feces and diets that the absorption of the different FA could be compared, and the negative effect of phytosterol supplementation on these ratios, especially for lauric and myristic acids, was established.     

高品质环氧树脂发展现状与展望

介绍了国内外高品质环氧树脂的性能、用途、生产和市场现状，并对其发展前景作了展望。     

Effects of diet type and supplementation of glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM on body composition, functional status, and markers of health in women with knee osteoarthritis initiating a resistance-based exercise and weight loss program

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine whether sedentary obese women with knee OA initiating an exercise and weight loss program may experience more beneficial changes in body composition, functional capacity, and/or markers of health following a higher protein diet compared to a higher carbohydrate diet with or without GCM supplementation.

Methods

Thirty sedentary women (54 ± 9 yrs, 163 ± 6 cm, 88.6 ± 13 kg, 46.1 ± 3% fat, 33.3 ± 5 kg/m²) with clinically diagnosed knee OA participated in a 14-week exercise and weight loss program. Participants followed an isoenergenic low fat higher carbohydrate (HC) or higher protein (HP) diet while participating in a supervised 30-minute circuit resistance-training program three times per week for 14-weeks. In a randomized and double blind manner, participants ingested supplements containing 1,500 mg/d of glucosamine (as d-glucosamine HCL), 1,200 mg/d of chondroitin sulfate (from chondroitin sulfate sodium), and 900 mg/d of methylsulfonylmethane or a placebo. At 0, 10, and 14-weeks, participants completed a battery of assessments. Data were analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures.

Results

Participants in both groups experienced significant reductions in body mass (-2.4 ± 3%), fat mass (-6.0 ± 6%), and body fat (-3.5 ± 4%) with no significant changes in fat free mass or resting energy expenditure. Perception of knee pain (-49 ± 39%) and knee stiffness (-42 ± 37%) was decreased while maximal strength (12%), muscular endurance (20%), balance indices (7% to 20%), lipid levels (-8% to -12%), homeostasis model assessment for estimating insulin resistance (-17%), leptin (-30%), and measures of physical functioning (59%), vitality (120%), and social function (66%) were improved in both groups with no differences among groups. Functional aerobic capacity was increased to a greater degree for those in the HP and GCM groups while there were some trends suggesting that supplementation affected perceptions of knee pain (p < 0.08).

Conclusions

Circuit style resistance-training and weight loss improved functional capacity in women with knee OA. The type of diet and dietary supplementation of GCM provided marginal additive benefits.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01271218     

Egg yolk lipids and maternal diet in the nutrition of turkey embryo

Turkey hens were fed diets containing no added fat nor diets supplemented with soybean oil or neatsfoot oil. The composition of neutral and polar lipid fatty acids present in the unincubated turkey egg yolk was compared with that of those present in the yolk sac of the developing turkey embryo at different stages of development. Comparisons were made of the fatty acid fractions in the entire embryo homogenates, except liver and heart, which were analyzed separately. Changes in the relative amounts of the fatty acids are reported as affected by age of the embryo and by dietary lipids. The fatty acids from both the neutral and polar lipids which were utilized to the greatest extent for embryonic development were palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic, regardless of the dietary supplements. Arachidonic, tetracosenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids also were metabolized by the embryo. Saturated fatty acids, used by the embryo as development progressed, were palmitic, stearic, and arachidic acids. Analyses of the liver fatty acids showed that the C16∶0 C16∶1, C18∶0, C18∶1, and C20∶4 acids in the neutral and polar lipids decreased with embryonic development and varied with the type of diet. The heart contained low levels of myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and arachidonic acids in the neutral lipids and palmitoleic and oleic acids in the polar lipids.     

Risk-benefit of some mollusks and processed fishes in the renal patient's diet

The renal diet must include limited amounts of high quality protein, phosphorus P and potassium K. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA EPA and DHA), present in fishes and mollusks, render beneficial properties against progression of renal damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate protein PR, phosphorus P, potassium K, calcium Ca and n-3PUFA in processed fishes and mollusks as an alimentary option for renal patients. Canned tuna (water AA and oil AC), sardine in tomate sauce ST and chipotle SC and smoked salmon SA, fresh jumbo flying squid CA, common octopus PU and oyster OS were evaluated. Significant difference was detected (p <.0.05) for K between different types of fish. SA contained 38g/100g PR, 307 mg/100g of P, 371 mg/ 100g K and 106 mg/100g n-3PUFA. Sardines contained (279-304 mg/100g of P and 283-322 mg/100g K and tunas 142-160 mg/100g P and 141-154 mg/100g K. Tunas and sardines had elevated concentration of n-3PUFA (4114 and 4790 mg/ 100g respectively), P:n-3PUFA and K:n-3PUFA ratio was low in tunas (0.03) and sardines (0.06). AA and AC contained (10.1 and 11.1 mgP/gPR), while ST and SC provided 26.4-19.1 mg/P/gPR. n-3PUFA/gPR were similar for tunas and sardines (302-424mg/gPR). Mollusks: CA presented the highest values of P and PR (2.4 mg/100g and 18.4g/100g). n-3PUFA ranged from 4.3 to 79 mg/100g in PU and OS respectively. Among processed fishes, only canned tunas are recommended for the diet of renal patients, in an individualized basis. The risk-benefit ratio of sardines in the renal diet should be evaluated, due to their high content of P and n-3PUFA. Salmon and mollusks are not recommended for the renal diet.     

脲醛树脂合成与生产中的几个问题

本文真对脲醛树脂合成与生产中存在的几个问题，从理论和实践上进行讨论。这些问题包括树脂合成中的化学反应，树脂溶液的稳定怀，树脂龟裂性的抑制和游离甲醛含量的控制。     

Efficacy evaluation of the molasses supplementation in normal and depleted rats diet

Molasses, a sugar cane by-product, has been consumed in Brazil since colonial times. The efficacy of molasses added to the diet of normal and depleted laboratory animals on growth and hemoglobin was tested. Forty weaning males rats, of 21 days of age, were divided into four groups of ten animals: Control (casein diet with 10.14% protein); Molasses (casein diet with 10.14% protein and 12.50% molasses); Depleted Control and Depleted Molasses, the later two submitted to protein depletion for the first 7 days of the trial. Animals were weighed at weaning (initial weight) and at the end of the experiment (final weight) and were fed the experimental rations and water ad libitum for 28 days (normal animals) and 21 days (depleted animals). Consumption was registered in order to calculate the Food Efficiency Ratio. At the end, animals fasted for 10 hours, killed and blood was collected by cardiac puncture to determine hemoglobin levels. Weight gain in all groups did not show statistically significant differences. Molasses fed animals presented a small, but not significant increase in hemoglobin levels, compared to the control groups. Considering the possible deleterious effects of a high sugar diet, that can originate furfural during food processing, it is necessary to conduct more studies to evaluate the utilization of these products for human consumption.