任意分布参数的涡轮盘裂纹扩展寿命可靠性分析

讨论了某型涡轮盘随机参数服从任意分布时的可靠性问题.在基本随机参数前四阶矩已知的情况下,以Pairs-Erdogan裂纹扩展模型为基础,应用随机摄动理论和Edgeworth 级数技术,采用疲劳寿命模型对某型涡轮盘随机参数服从任意分布时的可靠性进行分析,建立了涡轮盘疲劳寿命可靠性分析模型,并求得了涡轮盘裂纹扩展寿命的可靠度.模型计算结果与Monte-Carlo仿真结果非常接近,文章提出的方法对涡轮盘可靠性设计具有一定的参考价值.     

非正态参数圆孔间裂纹扩展寿命的可靠性分析

机械设备不可避免地存在许多圆孔结构,孔边是应力集中多发区域,许多裂纹发源于孔边,因此研究孔边裂纹扩展寿命对结构的疲劳寿命评定具有重要的实际意义.工程实际中结构尺寸、材料特性、载荷等因素常常具有不确定性,裂纹扩展过程是一个随机过程,研究随机裂纹扩展更加符合工程实际.以材料属性和载荷为随机变量,采用Paris-Erdogan 公式计算裂纹扩展寿命,裂纹扩展方向采用最大周向应力准则,在随机有限元法的基础上,结合计算可靠度的四阶矩法、Edgeworth级数展开,提出随机参数服从任意分布时的结构疲劳裂纹扩展寿命可靠度的计算方法.研究了参数服从任意分布时平板上两圆孔之间的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命可靠性相关问题,模拟了裂纹扩展路径,得到裂纹扩展寿命可靠度随裂纹扩展的变化趋势,从结果看出裂纹扩展速率不断加快,可靠度随着裂纹扩展逐渐降低,结构的剩余强度逐渐变小.新方法对孔边产生的裂纹扩展寿命可靠性分析具有一定的理论意义.     

应变片位置对测定裂纹闭合灵敏度的影响

从理论上分析了在裂纹尖端附近区域内，侧贴电阻应变片的位置对测定疲劳裂纹闭合时灵敏度的影响，并用实验加以验证；得出了一些有益的结论。     

钢铁点蚀坑内腐蚀产物对点蚀扩展的影响

为了探讨钢铁点蚀坑内部生成的腐蚀产物对点蚀生长的影响,使用自制的2种铁微电极,通过电化学三电极体系,使之在阳极极化条件下发生溶解,一定程度上模拟点蚀生长的特征。结果表明:采用微型注射器可以将2种铁微电极表面黑色腐蚀产物沉积层冲洗到模拟点蚀坑外部,消除其对点蚀扩展的影响;通过对比冲洗前后的阳极溶解电流随时间的变化趋势,可以计算该腐蚀产物对模拟点蚀生长速率的影响;借助2种铁微电极的特殊性,提出了对其点蚀内部腐蚀产物影响进行量化的方法,将其用于修正点蚀内部金属离子的扩散系数,在一定程度上可完善点蚀的生长和预测模型。     

40CrNiM0齿轮材料点蚀破坏的金相研究

用金相试验方法,对40CrNiMo中等硬度齿轮材料在接触疲劳过程中的表面破坏形态、裂纹的萌生与扩展等问题进行了研究,并从金属学角度对材料失效破坏过程进行了分析.结果表明,经过一定周次的循环后,试验滚轮表面产生的接触疲劳破坏是属点蚀破坏,从滚轮表面产生的塑性变形和金属流变层是表面产生点蚀破坏的重要原因.     

40CrNiMo齿轮材料点蚀破坏的金相研究

用金相试验方法,对40CrNiMo中等硬度齿轮材料在接触疲劳过程中的表面破坏形态,裂纹的萌生与扩展等问题进行了研究,并从金属学角度对材料失效破坏过程进行了分析,结果表明,经过一定周次的循环后,试验滚轮表面产生的接触疲劳破坏是属点蚀破坏,从滚轮表面产生的塑性变形和金属流变层是表面产生点蚀破坏的重要原因。     

基于机器视觉的齿轮接触疲劳点蚀实时检测方法

为了提高齿轮接触疲劳试验中试样疲劳点蚀的检测精度和检测效率,实现齿轮点蚀的可视化、量化以及实时检测,提出了基于机器视觉的齿轮接触疲劳点蚀实时检测方法.基于齿轮啮合原理和线阵相机拍摄原理,建立齿轮接触疲劳试验检测系统,得到拍摄齿轮齿面的最佳偏心拍摄距离,提出了齿轮啮合面图像修正算法,并采用疲劳特征初步检测和精确检测相结合...     

基于β面截断重要抽样法可靠性灵敏度估计及其方差分析

基于β面的截断重要抽样法可以用来求解单失效模式可靠性灵敏度.该方法在设计点处作失效面的虚拟切面β面,而β面将变量空间分割成重要抽样区域R和非重要抽样区域S.在R和S区域分别建立相应的截断重要抽样密度函数hR(x)和hs(x),从hR(x)和hs(x)中抽取的样本量按照R和S区域对可靠性灵敏度的贡献来分配,并通过迭代模拟...     

拉应力对2205双相不锈钢临界点蚀温度和点蚀行为的影响

采用外加恒电位方法研究拉应力对2205双相不锈钢临界点蚀温度(CPT)的影响,结合动电位极化、恒电位极化及电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法分析了不同应力典型温度下的电化学腐蚀特征。结果表明,尽管拉应力降低了2205双相不锈钢的CPT,但在140 MPa应力下即便在85℃时也没有发生点蚀。电化学分析表明,在CPT以下应力降低2205双相不锈钢击破电位(E_b),恒电位极化时试样表面仍处于钝化状态;在CPT以上会发生稳态点蚀。随温度升高,E_b明显降低。140 MPa应力下试样未发生点蚀的原因可能是,试样表面的微裂纹受应力作用,在极化过程中发生裂尖区裂纹扩展和再次钝化,腐蚀特征并不能表征其耐蚀性。     

Dynamic analysis of a planetary gear failure caused by tooth pitting and cracking

Planetary gears are widely used in aeronautic and industrial applications that require compactness and high torque-to-weight ratios. Despite these advantages, the severe conditions under which such gears are typically used may lead to failure. Tooth pitting and cracking are frequently encountered failure modes. The defects are modeled and discussed for a planetary gear set. The influence of tooth defects on gear mesh stiffness is scrutinized. Healthy planetary gear dynamic response and the response of planetary gears containing tooth defects are compared in both the time and frequency domains and in the joint time-frequency domains by use of the Wigner-Ville distribution.     

Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of dwell‐fatigue crack initiation life for a two‐grain microstructural model

Crack initiation in Ti‐6242 has been observed to occur in a grain with a hard orientation for basal slip neighbouring a grain with a soft orientation. Because there is significant variability in microstructural features and crack initiation life, it is useful to explore the effects of the variability of the microstructural components through a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. In this paper, a probabilistic crystal plasticity finite element model of a hard−soft grain combination (2 grains) was exercised considering the Schmid factor of the soft grain, the misorientation angle between the two grains, and the soft grain size as random variables. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the time‐to‐crack initiation was then employed in order to ascertain the relative importance of the random variables. The results indicate that the variance in the Schmid factor accounts for the majority of the variance in the time‐to‐crack initiation. A local sensitivity analysis found that larger Schmid factors result in smaller mean life and larger variance. The neighbouring soft grain size was found to be less important than the Schmid factor and misorientation angle.     

Time-variant reliability global sensitivity analysis with single-loop Kriging model combined with importance sampling

This paper develops a novel failure probability-based global sensitivity index by introducing the Bayes formula into the moment-independent global sensitivity index to approximate the effect of input random variables or stochastic processes on the time-variant reliability. The proposed global sensitivity index can estimate the effect of uncertain inputs on the time-variant reliability by comparing the difference between the unconditional probability density function of input variables and the conditional probability density function in failure state of input variables. Furthermore, a single-loop active learning Kriging method combined with metamodel-based importance sampling is employed to improve the computational efficiency. The accuracy of the results obtained by Kriging model is verified by the reference results provided by the Monte Carlo simulation. Four examples are investigated to demonstrate the significance of the proposed failure probability-based global sensitivity index and the effectiveness of the computational method.     

充液管道模态的参数灵敏度及其共振可靠性分析

分析充液管道模态的参数灵敏度,并对充液管道的共振可靠性进行了研究。首先考虑管道与液体之间的耦合作用,利用有限元软件对所建立的简单管道系统进行模态计算。然后假设管道结构参数服从某种随机分布,分析了对应的一、二阶模态的概率分布并讨论了这些参数对管道固有频率的灵敏度影响。最后利用干涉理论对流固耦合管道系统进行了防共振可靠性分析。该研究结果可为管道防共振设计和管道的共振可靠性评估提供了参考。     

Numerical modelling of micro-pitting of gear teeth flanks

A two‐dimensional computational model for simulation of contact fatigue of gear teeth flanks is presented. In the model, it is assumed that the initial crack of length 0.015 mm is initiated at the surface due to previous mechanical or heat treatment of the material as well as a consequence of the running in process. The discretized model with the initial crack is then subjected to normal contact pressure, which takes into account the elasto‐hydro‐dynamic (EHD) lubrication conditions, and tangential loading due to friction between contacting surfaces. The model also considers the moving contact of gear flanks, fluid trapped in the crack and residual stresses due to heat treatment of the material on crack propagation. The virtual crack extension (VCE) method, implemented in the finite element method, is then used for simulating the fatigue crack growth from the initial crack up to the formation of the surface pit. The computational results show that the initial surface crack of length 15 μm and the considered boundary conditions lead to the appearance of very small surface pits, which can be termed as micro‐pitting on gear teeth flanks. The numerical results correspond well with available experimental data.     

The effect of pitting corrosion on fatigue life

Fatigue testing of pre‐pitted 2024‐T3 aluminium alloy specimens is performed in laboratory air at 22 °C and 40% RH to characterize the effect of pitting corrosion on fatigue life. Specimens, pre‐corroded in a 0.5 M NaCl solution from 48 to 384 h, have fatigue lives that are reduced by more than one order of magnitude after 384 h pre‐corrosion as compared to those of uncorroded specimens. The reduction in fatigue life is interpreted in terms of the influence of the time of exposure to the corrosive environment or pit size. The crack‐nucleating pit sizes, ranging from 20 to 70 μm, are determined from post‐fracture examinations by scanning electron microscopy. Fatigue lives are estimated using a fracture mechanics approach and are shown to be in good agreement with the actual data. A probabilistic analysis shows that the distribution of fatigue life is strongly correlated to the distribution in nucleating pit size.     

渐开线行星轮系参数优选及可靠性优化设计

将渐开线行星齿轮传动参数优选的结果用于可靠性优化设计中,包括按两轮滑动率相等原则分配外啮合变位系数和X1∑;按提高内啮合副轮齿接触强度并保证具有较高重合度来确定内啮合角αH;按等强度原则寻求最佳m/a值,最后对该传动进行可靠性优化设计。     

带有齿根裂纹故障的齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型研究

在考虑齿面摩擦、时变啮合刚度、传递误差和质量偏心的情况下,利用集中质量法及牛顿定律建立了齿轮传动系统非线性振动微分方程.通过时变啮合刚度仿真了齿根裂纹故障,进而建立了具有齿根裂纹的非线性动力学故障模型.该模型在计算摩擦力时,考虑了载荷在啮合区的动态分配以及利用齿轮副的检验标准与公差值来确定齿轮副的传递误差.模型数值解的结果与故障特征的规律相符,为频谱机理的分析及故障特征的提取提供了有力的理论依据.     

Fractal finite element method based shape sensitivity analysis of multiple crack system

This paper presents fractal finite element based continuum shape sensitivity analysis for a multiple crack system in a homogeneous, isotropic, and two dimensional linear-elastic body subjected to mixed-mode (modes I and II) loading conditions. The salient feature of this method is that the stress intensity factors and their derivatives for the multiple crack system can be obtained efficiently since it only requires an evaluation of the same set of fractal finite element matrix equations with a different fictitious load. Three numerical examples are presented to calculate the first-order derivative of the stress intensity factors or energy release rates.     

转子系统振动的频率可靠性灵敏度分析

摘要：根据转子系统的固有频率与激振频率差的绝对值不超过规定值的关系准则,定义转子系统共振问题的可靠性模式和系统的可靠度,提出避免转子共振的频率可靠性分析方法,应用随机摄动技术、可靠性理论和灵敏度技术,对转子系统共振问题的可靠性灵敏度分析方法进行了研究,并通过数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性。