Degradation Measurements of Linen Fabrics

Abstract

Different artificial aging techniques, e.g., thermal, chemical, and photodegradation were applied to raw linen fabrics to produce artificial model samples that mimic the archeological ones for in conservation and consolidation experiments of ancient textile fabrics. The artificially aged samples were evaluated via several instrumental methods, i.e., mechanically, spectrophotometrically, x-ray diffraction, and viscosity measurements. The results indicated that degradation reactions including oxidation, took place at glycosidic bonds as well as at hydroxyl groups of cellulose to cause scission of the molecular chains where molecular weight decreases. These aging techniques are responsible for the changes in whiteness (W_I ) and yellowness (Y_I ) indices and also of color differences (ΔE ).     

涤纶长丝仿毛织物的开发

主要对涤纶长丝仿毛织物的原料及工艺技术进行探讨,介绍了长丝仿毛织物的织造、染整开发过程。     

涤纶混纺针织物面料的抗起毛起球整理

将制备的抗起毛起球整理剂WPUA应用在涤毛混纺针织物和涤棉混纺针织物上,结果表明:当WPUA质量浓度为80 g/L、焙烘温度120℃、焙烘时间3 min时,涤毛针织物抗起毛起球等级提高了4级,涤棉针织物抗起毛起球等级提高了3级;织物手感和白度与原织物等级相当;静电压半衰期明显降低,抗静电性能得到提高;与目前市售的高效抗起毛起球整理剂的各项性能相当。扫描电镜表明:经整理后的织物,纤维尾端被黏附在纱线的表面,织物表现出抗起毛起球的特征。     

High-temperature Winch and Paddle Dyeing of Polyester Fabrics and Garments

Full-scale trials with a modified Mortensen winch machine have shown that knitted polyester fabric can be dyed successfully at 125–130°C. The results are better than those obtained by dyeing at atmospheric pressure and the cost is less. Similar improvements have been obtained with knitted polyester garments dyed at high temperature in a Callebaut-De Blicquy Pan-o-Mat machine.     

涤纶织物的丝胶改性和染色工艺研究

涤纶织物通过丝胶处理后,吸湿性、抗静电性和回潮率有了明显的提高,改善了涤纶织物的服用性能。用酸性染料对处理后的涤纶织物进行染色,染色均匀。经固色后,取得了较高的染色牢度。     

Y形涤纶织物性能的研究

利用Y形截面涤纶设计开发了斜纹组织的纯纺织物,对不同纬密和碱处理前后织物的吸水性、透气性、刚柔性及折皱回复性等进行测试与分析。结果表明:在其它条件相同的情况下,随着织物密度的增加,织物吸水性、透气性及折皱回复性降低,硬挺度增加;碱处理后织物的导湿性下降而润湿性提高,透气性、柔软性增强,折皱回复性降低。     

阻燃涤纶汽车座套面料的研究和开发

采用阻燃涤纶和普通涤纶作为原料,研究了阻燃涤纶和普通涤纶交织混合时,混用的比例对织物阻燃性能的影响;并根据汽车座套面料的要求设计了不同层数的织物,研究其对使用性能和舒适性能的影响。从织物的阻燃性和使用性能综合分析,得出普通涤纶与阻燃涤纶比例为1∶2的双层织物为最佳方案。     

新聚酯(PTT)/棉混纺物的染色

介绍一种新的聚酯纤维-聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)的染色特性及其棉混纺物染色用染料和染色方法.     

基于聚酯织物的超亲水涂层的制备及其油水分离行为

将聚酯织物先后在水性聚氨酯胶黏剂溶液以及由乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性纳米二氧化硅、2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯和2-羟基-2-甲基苯丙酮组成的乙醇混合溶液中浸泡,再经紫外固化,得到基于聚酯织物的无机有机复合超亲水涂层。红外光谱、扫描电镜和接触角测试结果确认了织物表面超亲水涂层的形成,水滴在织物表面完全铺展的时间最短仅为301 ms。利用超亲水聚酯织物可以进行油水分离,其分离效率达99.4%。在经过50次循环分离后,其分离效率仍可保持在98%以上。     

智能调温涤/棉针织面料的开发与性能

为研究涤/棉针织面料经交联后的调温性能,以细度为15.6 tex的涤/棉混纺纱为原料,编织出纬平针、1+1罗纹、罗纹半空气层、罗纹空气层4种基本组织结构,用复配比为1∶9的试剂PEG-800和药用PEG-1000作为单一相变材料,并用2D树脂作为交联剂处理这4种织物,对交联后织物进行热活性测试以及力学性能和热湿舒适性测试。结果表明:除罗纹空气层组织外,交联后其它三种织物的各项性能均能满足针织物服用性能要求,从而证明开发该智能调温面料是可行的。     

涤纶织物超临界二氧化碳染色研究

分散染料在120℃、30MPa条件下溶解在超临界二氧化碳中，将涤纶织物在此条件下循环染色50分钟；与水介质中染色的涤纶织物进行结果比较：前者无需清洗即可获得很高的色牢度但染色深度偏低，并需25～30MPa的压力。在实验条件下，超临界二氧化碳流体循环压力、流量、介质均匀程度直接影响染色织物的色深度、牢度和匀染性。     

聚酯基椰炭纤维混纺针织物的服用性能

为更好了解聚酯基椰炭纤维混纺针织物的服用性能,以聚酯基椰炭纤维混纺纱为原料,设计了7种不同组织结构的椰炭混纺针织面料,并对其坚牢度、热湿舒适性、保形性,以及除臭、释放负离子等功能进行测试。测试结果显示:聚酯基椰炭纤维具有良好的吸湿透气、舒适性等服用性能,而且还具有除臭、释放负离子等功能,市场应用前景广阔。     

Superhydrophobic Polyester/Cotton Fabrics Modified by Barrier Discharge Plasma and Organosilanes

In this paper, diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure has been used for surface modification of polyester/cotton (PESc) fabric, which was subsequently modified by sol–gel process using suitable organofunctional silanes to enhance its hydrophobicity. Modified PESc fabric surfaces were conditioned during the gelling process to obtain the permanent hydrophobicity. The contact angle of water before washing of plasma and sol–gel pretreated PESc fabric was found to be 154° and 151° after standardized washings. It was also demonstrated that the process is applicable at the industrial scale.     

不同组织结构涤纶织物的刺破实验分析及破坏形态

本文研究了平纹、2/2斜纹、双轴向经编和紧密型四种不同组织结构的涤纶织物的刺破性能。通过在MTS-810材料试验机上进行破坏性实验,用刺锥分别刺破不同组织结构的四种涤纶织物,得到织物在刺破过程中的载荷—位移曲线并分析讨论,比较实验后的织物破坏形态,从而得到不同的织物组织结构对织物刺破性能的影响。最后,预测不同组织结构涤纶织物作为预成型结构件,制成复合材料的刺破性能。     

阳离子明胶蛋白助剂在涤纶碱减量中的应用研究

将自制的阳离子明胶蛋白助剂应用于涤纶碱减量处理工艺中,探讨阳离子明胶蛋白助剂对涤纶减量率的影响以及对涤纶吸湿性的影响,同时与促进剂1227的作用效果进行比较,评价阳离子明胶蛋白助剂的处理效果。结果表明:阳离子明胶蛋白助剂对涤纶碱减量有一定促进作用,同时对涤纶有一定改性作用,能进一步改善碱减量涤纶织物的服用性能。虽然阳离子明胶蛋白助剂对涤纶碱减量的促进效果低于促进剂1227,但其对改善涤纶吸湿性、透气性、抗静电性和白度效果优于1227。     

The Effect of Selected Phosphates on the Flame Retardancy of Cotton and Polyester Fabrics

The comparative effects of three selected phosphates on the flame retardancy of pure cotton and polyester fabrics have been chosen from the author's previous investigations. Earlier described procedure for the evaluation of flame retardancy were used. The optimum loading required to achieve flame retardancy indicated the inferiority of sodium polymetaphosphate as compared with the others.     

涤/棉针织物染色新工艺与染料助剂的筛选

本文重点讨论了涤/棉针织物一浴法染色新工艺,包括精炼染涤一浴法、练漂染涤一浴一步法、先染涤后棉氧漂一浴两步法、分散/活性一浴一步法、分散/活性一浴两步法。对分散/活性两浴法染色节能工艺也进行了考察。实验结果表明：合理的染色工艺和适当的染化料能很好的保障染色质量,而且对提高生产效率、降低染色成本、减小环境污染都有很大帮助。     

Static and Dynamic Aspects of Liquid Capillary Flow in Thermally Bonded Polyester Nonwoven Fabrics

The weight gain method is employed to study the vertical capillary flow of wetting liquids in polyester nonwoven fabrics with different basis weights. The quantity of liquid absorbed by capillarity in the nonwoven is recorded as a function of time, until saturation. The liquid retention capacity of the nonwovens has been studied from their “saturation level”, i.e. the fraction of pore volume effectively filled with liquid. It is found that this saturation level varies greatly with the type of nonwoven, and generally decreases with nonwoven thickness. Moreover, the expected 100% value is rarely attained even when the sample height is smaller than the Jurin equilibrium height. These observations are attributed to the more heterogeneous pore sizes in very thin nonwovens, where the interconnection of large and small pores inhibits the continued capillary rise of liquid front. The other part of the study concerns the kinetics of liquid capillary flow which has been analyzed by taking into account the contribution of the meniscus in filling the pores. By subtracting this contribution from the mass of liquid absorbed, the new absorption mass is found to vary linearly with the square root of time, in agreement with the Washburn theory. For the thinnest nonwovens, the very small and unrealistic values of Washburn radii deduced from the experimental results do not correspond to the real physical pore sizes, but reflect slow capillary kinetics. This phenomenon is, however, less important when the thickness of the sample increases.     

Nondestructive Modification of Catechol/Polyethyleneimine onto Polyester Fabrics by Mussel‐Inspiration for Improving Interfacial Performance

Co‐deposition of catechol and polyethyleneimine onto polyethylene phthalate (PET) fiber by mussel‐inspiration is conducted and subsequently utilized to prepare polyethyleneimine/catechol modified PET fiber reinforced composites (polyethyleneimine (PEI)/CCh‐m‐PET FRCs). The surface polarity is characterized through the dynamic contact angle. The mechanical performances including tensile, flexural, and short beam shear strength are evaluated. Additionally, the single‐bundle pull‐out tests are carried out with the double‐end method. The analysis reveals that compared to the untreated PET reinforced composite, there are 33.49% and 34.35% increase of the critical load and peak load for PEI‐modified specimens, respectively, meanwhile the critical debonding energy and pull‐out energy calculated increase by 28.46% and 24.47%, respectively. The interlaminar shear strength and interfacial shear strength of modified PET can reach the values of 145.89 and 20.88 MPa, which are significantly improved by 58.01% and 70.94%.