Zr元素对超高强铝合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

研究了Zr元素对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,合金的强度随着Zr含量的增加而提高,当Zr含量为0.12wt%时,合金的强度和延伸率出现峰值。当Zr含量>0.12wt%时随着Zr含量的增加合金强度降低,这是因为合金中的Zr含量过高时,会析出粗大的Al3Zr初生相,降低了合金凝固时固溶在基体中的Zr含量,从而使Zr的有益作用降低。添加Zr可抑制合金的再结晶,使合金组织细化,提高了合金的抗剥落腐蚀性能。TEM分析发现Zr含量为0.12wt%的铝合金固溶态下Al3Zr颗粒比较细小,且分布比较均匀,Al3Zr的平均直径约为16.6nm。研究结果表明,对于所研究的超高强铝合金,Zr的最佳添加范围为0.10%-0.12wt%。     

铝和镁对锌铝镁合金凝固组织与力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和万能电子试验机分析和测试了不同镁含量(1%~5%,质量分数)和铝含量(4%~8%,质量分数)锌铝镁合金的凝固组织与力学性能。研究表明:当铝含量为6%时,随着镁含量的增加,Zn-6%Al-Mg合金中的Mg Zn_2相、二元Zn/Al和三元Zn/Al/Mg Zn_2共晶体数量明显增加,当镁含量为3%时达到最大值。当镁含量超过3%时,出现较多粗大的Al/Mg Zn_2二元共晶体。铝含量小于6%时,在Zn-Al-3%Mg合金中形成粗大的Mg_2Zn_(11)相和大量的Zn/Al/Mg_2Zn_(11)三元共晶体;当铝含量超过6%时,在Zn-Al-3%Mg合金中形成粗大的Mg Zn_2相和大量的Al/Mg Zn_2二元共晶体。当铝含量为6%时,Zn-6%Al-Mg合金的抗拉强度和硬度随着镁含量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,但合金的延伸率一直下降,Zn-6%Al-3%Mg合金的抗拉强度和硬度最高。当镁含量为3%时,Zn-Al-3%Mg合金的抗拉强度、延伸率和硬度随着铝含量的增加都呈现先增加后降低的趋势,Zn-6%Al-3%Mg合金的综合力学性能最好。     

真空压铸工艺下Mg对AlMgFe合金组织及力学性能的影响

对汽车用非热处理型高延性压铸AlMg_4Fe_2合金微观组织和力学性能进行了研究,结果表明AlMg_4Fe_2压铸合金组织包括:原始枝晶、颗粒状的α-Al晶粒、Al-Mg共晶区和细小的针状Al_3Fe或汉字状Al_6Fe共晶体,未发现粗大的β-AlFeSi相,可见这样的组织结构有利于提高合金的力学强度和延伸率。通过控制合金Mg含量分别为4.5%和6.5%时,发现Mg含量严重影响屈服强度和延伸率,Mg含量越高,屈服强度越高而延伸率越低。当Mg含量低至4.5%时,合金屈服强度低至123MPa,但延伸率高达10.6%;当Mg含量高达6.5%时,合金屈服强度剧增到152MPa,而延伸率下降至7.1%,相比于Mg含量为4.5%的合金,屈服强增加了23%,但延伸率降低了33%。     

Ti—15V—3Cr—3Sn—3Al合金研究

研究了Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al合金的冷轧变形、热处理及其对合金组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明:该合金具有优异的冷轧变形能力,当冷轧变形量达70%时,板材边缘仍无裂纹产生。800℃固溶处理不同冷轧变形程度的板材,拉伸强度无明显变化,而对延伸率有一定影响,当变形量达30%以上时,延伸率增至稳定值。该合金的β转变温度约为750℃,当在此温度以上固溶处理时,晶粒尺寸随温度提高而长大,但长大速度甚缓。时效温度对Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al合金的拉伸性能影响显著,合金强度随时效温度提高而降低,延伸率则提高。测试了Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al合金的高温拉伸性能和300℃的热稳定性能,说明该合金可在时效状态下长期使用。     

Zn含量对Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金拉伸性能及晶间腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用拉伸测试、浸泡腐蚀试验、差示扫描量热（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）及透射电镜（TEM）等手段，研究了Zn含量（0～1.2%，质量分数）对自然时效（T4）和峰值时效（T6）状态Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金拉伸性能和晶间腐蚀敏感性的影响。结果表明：较低的Zn含量（0～0.8%）对T4和T6合金强度无显著影响；T4合金无晶间腐蚀敏感性，而T6合金发生严重晶间腐蚀且最大腐蚀深度随Zn含量增加而下降，并于0.8%Zn含量时降至320μm，较无Zn合金减小220μm。当Zn含量增大至1.2%，晶内预脱溶原子偏聚区（GP区）和β″相析出过程得到促进，使得合金强度显著提高，T4合金屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为196 MPa和363 MPa，较无Zn合金分别提高30 MPa和44 MPa, T6合金屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为368 MPa和443 MPa，较无Zn合金分别提高44 MPa和57 MPa，同时，两种时效状态合金均能保持较高的延伸率；T4和T6合金显著增强的晶间腐蚀敏感性应与高Zn含量加大了晶界析出相与无析出区（PFZ）之间成分差异有关。此外，实验合金拉伸断口形貌特征基本不受Zn含量影响，而与时...     

Mg-6Al-1Zn-Y镁合金组织及力学性能的研究

在Mg-6Al-1Zn合金的基础上添加不同质量分数的Y（分别为0％，0．5％，0．9％，1．4％），制备了4种实验合金，研究了Y的添加对合金组织性能的影响。通过X射线衍射、金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段分析了Mg-6Al-1Zn合金添加Y后组织结构的变化。研究结果表明，添加了不同含量Y的合金中都出现了一种新相Al2Y相。随着Y含量的增加，Al2Y相数量增多而Mg17Al 12相则减少。Y能细化合金铸态及挤压态显微组织，其细化作用在添加了0．9％Y的镁合金中尤为明显。铸态合金室温拉伸试验表明：该合金具有最佳的综合力学性能。当Y含量添加至1．4％时，Al2Y相变得粗大且出现团聚现象而导致了拉伸性能的下降。经过挤压后，合金的力学性能大幅度上升。     

Cr含量对汽车用钛合金工艺与性能的影响

研究了Cr含量对TC4合金显微结构和性能的影响。结果表明,Cr元素能降低TC4合金的β相转变温度,当Cr含量低于3%时,TC4合金具有双态组织,Cr含量高于3%时,TC4合金中相转变完全,α相连续地分布在β相的晶界处;不同Cr含量条件下TC4合金中均存在α相和β相,随着Cr含量增多,TC4合金中β相数量明显增加;随着Cr含量增大,TC4合金的拉伸强度和屈服强度均逐渐升高,其延伸率逐渐降低,当Cr含量为4%时,TC4合金拉伸强度和屈服强度均具有最大值,分别为1 068 MPa和1 697 MPa,其延伸率具有最小值,为9.94%。     

Zn含量对AlMgSiCu合金组织和力学性能的影响

使用常规铸锭冶金方法制备了不同Zn含量的AlMgSiCu合金.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸测试和纳米压痕方法研究了Zn含量对铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.研究发现Zn元素能够轻微细化AlMgSiCu合金铸态组织.随着合金中Zn含量的增加,铸态铝合金的晶界变宽,晶界析出相增多.Zn的添加未影响铸态合金的相组成和形貌.随Zn含量的增加,铝合金的强度和延伸率呈现先增后降的变化趋势,添加质量分数0.5%Zn可使合金具有最高的强度,而0.75%Zn使合金获得最高延伸率.对含Zn铝合金的纳米压痕测量表明:随着Zn含量的增加,铝合金的弹性模量呈现逐步降低的趋势.      

整体干电池锌筒新型材料的研究

采用单因素试验化选法，研究了以铈为主的轻混合稀土的含量变化（含量变化范围的质量分数为0％～0．5％）对Zn－0．5％Pb合金性能的影响，并与XD2合金的性能进行了比较．试验结果表明：当混合稀土的添加量为0．07％～0．2％时，Zn－0．5％Ph－RE合金的抗拉强度与XD2合金的基本相同，冲压性能略低，但耐均匀腐蚀性能比XD2合金优越，延伸率高7％，代替XD2合金作干电池的负极材料，能延长干电池的使用寿命．     

锌元素对钎焊态3003铝合金显微组织与性能的影响

研究了Zn含量对经过模拟钎焊处理的3003铝合金显微组织、力学性能和电化学性能的影响规律.透射电镜(TEM)结果表明:Zn合金化对合金微观组织尤其是析出相的形貌影响不明显,三种合金的析出相均为较规则的近球形颗粒,Zn含量增大会使析出相的密度增大.用能谱分析仪(EDS)分析了含Zn铝合金的基体和析出相的成分,结果表明基体中含有Zn元素,而析出相中不合Zn元素,证明Zn主要是以固溶体的形式而非相的形式存在于合金中.拉伸试验结果表明:随着Zn含量的增加,合金的拉伸强度会略微提高,延伸率略微下降.用扫描电镜(SEM)对拉伸断口形貌进行了分析,结果表明合金的断裂形式为典型的韧性断裂.在0.5％NaC1溶液中的电化学实验结果表明,当合金中添加质量分数为1.5％的Zn元素,合金的腐蚀电位明显负移,这不利于合金的抗蚀性.随着Zn的质量分数从1.5％增加到1.8％,腐蚀电位变化较轻微,说明Zn含量的增加使合金的腐蚀电位向负方向移动,但是随着Zn含量的增加,这种影响越来越弱.同时,随着Zn含量的增加,腐蚀电流密度逐渐增大,说明Zn含量的增加使合金的抗腐蚀性能减弱.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.