管式振荡流反应器的流动模式研究（）高振荡强度下的流动模型和模拟

根据高振荡强度下的粒子成像流场可视化实验结果，在分析振荡流场中漩涡结构特征的基础上，提出用带有二次流区的全混腔室和室间返混的多釜串联模型来表征高振荡强度下的管式振荡流反应器流动特性。根据停留时间分布实验结果，运用小生境遗传算法优化求解模型参数与振荡参数之间的定量关系。模拟计算表明，优化后的模型给出的停留时间分布曲线与实验结果吻合良好。     

管式振荡流反应器的流动模式研究(Ⅱ)高振荡强度下的流动模型和模拟

根据高振荡强度下的粒子成像流场可视化实验结果,在分析振荡流场中漩涡结构特征的基础上,提出用带有二次流区的全混腔室和室间返混的多釜串联模型来表征高振荡强度下的管式振荡流反应器流动特性.根据停留时间分布实验结果,运用小生境遗传算法优化求解模型参数与振荡参数之间的定量关系.模拟计算表明,优化后的模型给出的停留时间分布曲线与实验结果吻合良好.     

管式振荡流反应器的流动模式研究(Ⅰ)PIV和RTD实验研究

采用粒子成像可视化（PIV）技术研究了管式振荡流反应器（OFR）内的流场形态和混合特点,并采用脉冲进样法测定了OFR在不同振荡条件下的停留时间分布函数。实验结果表明,OFR的混合特性十分复杂,并随振荡强度的变化呈现出不同的特征。振荡强度较低时,振荡使得OFR径向混合加强,减少了滞留区,流体的流动趋于平推流;振荡强度较高时,腔室内布满数目、尺寸和位置不断变化的漩涡,使每个腔室趋向于全混,腔室问的返混增大。实验数据与多级串联全混釜模型的比较结果显示,OFR的混合特性远非简单流动模式模型所能表征。     

振荡流反应器的物料停留时间分布模型研究

提出了一个基于马尔柯夫链（Markov chains）的考虑腔室间返混的振荡流反应器物料停留时间分布模型。通过对在内径50mm,长1．95m的振荡流反应器进行的理想脉冲示踪试验数据的统计分析,给出了模型的唯一参数回流比R的经验计算公式。发现在试验条件下,存在一个与最小回流比R相对应的振荡条件。这振荡条件可表示为振荡流雷诺数（Reo）与净流雷诺数（Ren）的比值ζ,其范围为1．6〈ζ〈2．5。     

振荡流结晶过程传热效应的模拟分析

通过振荡流调控传热特性以获得结晶器中分布特征良好的局部过饱和度,是有效优化冷却结晶过程的新设想。对具有光滑周期收缩孔(SPC)的振荡流结晶器,进行了三维非稳态数值模拟。考察了振荡流产生的时变流场结构,应用涡量表征涡旋强度,并得到剪切应变率分布,表明涡旋促进了流场混合,增强了剪切成核的调控能力。分析了振荡参数对结晶器传热特性的影响,结果表明振荡流导致了努塞尔数Nu随时间呈周期性变化,并且其周期特征与强度受振荡雷诺数Reo和斯特劳哈尔数St控制。因此,可以通过调节振荡参数达到对过饱和度的调控,这为结晶过程分析提供了依据。     

锥环挡板振荡流反应器流场的CFD研究

采用(四面体 楔体 棱锥体)的非结构化网格对包括进料和出料机构的五腔室锥环挡板振荡流反应器(OFR)的空间三维流场进行了计算流体力学(CFD)模拟,得到了不同振荡强度下标准腔室、顶部腔室和底部腔室的流场结构信息.研究得到了存在净流时锥环挡板OFR的流场结构,同时将模拟结果与圆环挡板OFR流场进行了比较.     

圆环挡板振荡流反应器的计算流体动力学研究

采用并行计算技术和2237267个格栅的非结构化网格模型.成功地进行了具有完整结构的十腔室圆环挡板振荡流反应器的数值模拟研究,获得了进料腔室、标准腔室和出料腔室的流场结构和特征.对标准腔室的计算流场和实验流场图像的对比显示两者吻合良好.模拟结果表明,标准腔室中的主流区和二次流区的径向位置在每个振荡周期中交换一次.而除了底部腔室以外的其余腔室中的二次流区漩涡在整个振荡周期中始终存在.进一步的研究将针对二次流区漩涡的动态行为进行.     

圆环挡板振荡流反应器浓度场的数值模拟

采用有限体积元方法对五腔室圆环挡板振荡流反应器(OFR)的三维浓度场进行了数值模拟研究,考察了腔室中心注入模式下的示踪剂浓度场的分布形态及其在不同振荡条件下的演化情况.研究表明,示踪剂在OFR中运动是由振荡流反应器中主体流动与漩涡构成的二次流动对腔室中心区域的交替控制促成的.定义一个腔室中的浓度方差C作为判断混合效率的依据,结果表明,C值是腔室内混合和腔室间混合共同作用的结果.参数表征的混合效率说明振荡雷诺数越大,混合效率越高.统计分析结果表明,基于长程对流混合和短程湍流扩散双模式传递模式的二项指数衰减曲线方程能够较好地描述踪剂浓度分布方差值随时间的变化.     

振荡流发生装置应用研究进展

振荡流反应器是一种新型的化工设备。由于其独特的流动特点,能够强化许多化工过程,在化工生产中具有广泛的应用前景。文章介绍了振荡流反应器在设备结构、流场特点及停留时间特性等方面的基础研究以及它在发酵、生物反应器、絮凝、颗粒悬浮领域的应用状况。     

挡板偏心度对振荡流反应器三维流场对称性影响的研究

借助商业计算流体力学软件CFX,运用有限容积法离散振荡流反应器（OFR）的单个腔室,对具有理想对称几何边界和轻微挡板偏心度的OFR在系列振荡雷诺数（Reo）下的三维流场进行了仿真模拟,并将其可视化计算流场与实验流场进行比较,研究了OFR几何边界上的非对称因素对其内三维流场流型的影响.模拟结果表明在有效消除计算随机误差以及误差积累的情况下,几何边界理想对称OFR内的三维层流流场呈现出良好的中心对称性和周向均匀性,而湍流流场中心对称的同时呈现出周向非均匀结构--在圆周上生成8个中心对称排列的横向漩涡,其形态与Couette流中的泰勒涡类似.另外,挡板偏心度对OFR内的振荡流场的对称性有重要影响：在较大的下,其三维流场生成非对称性显著的大尺度漩涡对;并且随的增大,流场的非对称程度加大而增加.     

泰勒反应器中流体流动及停留时间分布研究

以水为介质对泰勒反应器中的流动状况和停留时间及其分布(RTD)进行了研究,并应用计算流体力学(CFD)技术对反应器进行了流场模拟和RTD计算。结果表明,在实验范围内,泰勒反应器中停留时间分布受内筒转速、轴向流动速率等因素影响,基于流体力学计算结果与实验结果基本相当。     

流量控制方式对离心泵停留时间分布的影响

采用脉冲示踪法研究离心泵的停留时间分布(RTD),将离心泵与等径等体积空管对比,定性描述了离心泵的返混特征,考察了泵前阀控、泵后阀控、转速控制对RTD的影响. 结果表明,RTD曲线呈单峰分布,泵内有死区存在,返混大于等径等体积空管,无因次方差为0.39~0.61;离心泵的返混程度既不靠近平推流,也不靠近全混流,受流量影响显著,随流量增大,返混显著减小. 3种流量控制方式对离心泵返混有一定影响,转速控制的返混情况明显大于2种阀控方式,2种阀控方式的影响较接近;随流量减小,流量控制方式引起的RTD差异更显著,3种方式的无因次方差的最大相对偏差达13.6%.     

Particle Flow Modelling in Slurry‐Fed Stirred Vessels

Despite its importance, experimental information on the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of solid particles in continuous‐flow stirred vessels is still scant. In this work, experimental data on particle RTD in a high‐aspect‐ratio vessel stirred by three equally‐spaced Rushton turbines, obtained by means of Twin Systems Approach (TSA), are employed to assess the suitability of the well known Axial‐Dispersion Model to describe particle behavior in the investigated system. The data analysis and model parameter assessment are preceded by a discussion on the utility of self‐recirculated systems in carrying out experiments concerning continuous slurry‐fed apparatuses. In particular, the suitability of single recirculated systems is discussed and a way to extract numerical RTD data from the relevant experiments is proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of employing instead a couple of twin systems, as it was actually done to obtain the experimental data employed in this work, is shortly discussed.     

The Relationship Between Hysteresis and Liquid Flow Distribution inTrickle Beds

Experiments were conducted on a trickle bed with 0.283 m ID to eluddate the relation-ship between hysteretic phenomena and liquid distribution. The hysteresis of pressure drop and the variance of radial liquid distribution were observed simultaneously. Residence time dlstribu-tion (KTD), holdup and mean residence time (RT) of liquid phase were also found to demonmtrate hystereels of the same nature. RTD, liquid holdup and mean RT calculated with a simple model from the distribution of liquid flow rate show chaxacteristic consistant with the experlmeataJ data, suggesting that the hyteretic phenomena originate from the multiplicity and nonuniformity of liquid flow distribution.     

The axial dispersion performance of an oscillatory flow meso-reactor with relevance to continuous flow operation

A laboratory scale continuous oscillatory flow meso-reactor was developed and residence time distribution (RTD) studies were carried out in order to establish certain process characteristics of the system. In particular, the dispersion coefficient as a function of the primary variables was established. Using optical probes the axial dispersion was investigated by monitoring the response of a pulse dye tracer at different locations within the meso-reactor. Three cases, net flow without oscillation, oscillation without net flow, and oscillation plus net flow were studied over a range of oscillation frequencies, amplitudes, and net flow rates. Both the imperfect and the perfect pulse injection methods were used to determine the axial dispersion coefficient for the system with and without net flow. The axial dispersion coefficient and the dimensionless dispersion number were analysed in the context of different flow conditions. A correlation was established and demonstrated that the axial dispersion within the meso-reactor could be quantified as a function of flow conditions. The results showed that the laboratory continuous flow meso-reactor was able to produce plug flow with modest axial dispersion over a wide range of parameter space, thereby indicating efficient mixing and effective RTD performance.     

Liquid backmixing in oscillatory flow through a periodically constricted meso-tube

This paper deals with the measurement and modelling of axial liquid dispersion in a 4.5 mm internal diameter tube provided with smooth-periodic constrictions (meso-tube) in steady and oscillatory flow conditions. The residence time distribution (RTD) in the meso-tube was monitored for a range of fluid oscillation frequency (f) and amplitude (x₀) at laminar flow. The RTD response was modelled with three hydrodynamic models: (i) tanks-in-series, (ii) tanks-in-series with backflow and (iii) plug flow with axial dispersion. The steady flow through the meso-tube at flow rates up to 21.30 ml/min resulted in broad RTDs, mainly due to the parabolic velocity profile. The use of fluid oscillations allowed a fine-control of the axial liquid dispersion in the meso-tube due to generation of secondary flow in the regions between the constrictions. The axial dispersion coefficient D was reduced by up to 13-fold in comparison with the steady flow situation. Values of x₀ ≤ 1 mm and f = 10 Hz generally resulted in a maximum reduction in axial dispersion through, therefore maximum improvements in RTD. The tanks-in-series model was generally not capable of predicting RTDs in the meso-tube. The potential of this platform for the continuous, sustainable production of added-value products is herein demonstrated.