聚乳酸/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯合共混体系发泡行为研究

采用多环氧基团增容剂制备了聚乳酸/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PLA/PBAT)共混物,研究了增容剂含量对于PLA/PBAT共混体系的结晶和流变性能的影响。并采用高压釜发泡的方法进行PLA/PBAT共混物的间歇发泡,研究增容剂对发泡材料泡体结构的影响。结果表明,增容剂加入后会降低其绝对结晶度,以及显著改善PLA/PBAT共混体系的熔体弹性,提高其可发性;增容剂可以有效地改善共混体系的泡体结构,降低共混物发泡密度,提高其发泡倍率。     

聚乳酸/聚(已二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯)共混物的非等温结晶动力学

采用熔融挤出法制备了聚乳酸/聚(已二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯)共混物。利用差示扫描量热仪研究了聚乳酸及其共混体系的非等温结晶过程。用经Jeziorny修正的Avrami方程和Mo法对其非等温结晶动力学进行了分析。结果表明:Avrami方程和Mo法都适用于处理聚乳酸及其共混体系的非等温结晶过程,共混物的结晶速率大于聚乳酸的结晶速率。此外,用Huffman-Lauritzen理论计算了非等温结晶的结晶活化能,发现共混体系的结晶活化能绝对值小于聚乳酸。     

聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混物的研究

通过熔融共混制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混物,采用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、旋转流变仪对其相容性、热性能和黏度等进行了研究,并研究了PBS的加入对PLA力学性能的影响。结果表明,PLA和PBS之间是部分相容的,PBS的少量添加并不影响PLA的拉伸强度,且其冲击强度随着PBS含量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,当PBS含量为10份时,共混物的冲击强度最好;与纯PLA相比,共混物的黏度有所增加,且随着PBS含量的增加,共混物的黏度逐渐增大;PBS的添加起到异相成核作用,促进了PLA的结晶。     

聚乳酸／PBAT共混物的制备及其性能研究

用熔融挤出法制备了聚乳酸饼苯二甲酸-己二酸-1，4-丁二醇三元共聚酯（PLA／PBAT）共混物，研究了聚乳酸／PBAT共混物的力学性能、热性能以及相容性。结果表明：共混物的冲击强度及断裂伸长率随着PRAT含量的增加而增大，在PBAT含量为30％时，断裂伸长率最大，达到9％，PBAT的加入降低了共混物的拉伸、弯曲性能，但在添加量较少的情况下（如5％和10％），拉伸、弯曲性能下降不大。退火处理极大的提高了材料的维卡软化温度。当PBAT含量较高时，共混物的断面可以明显的观察到不相容的两相结构。     

可生物降解聚乳酸发泡材料研究进展

综述了聚乳酸(PLA)发泡材料在包装领域、汽车领域和生物医疗领域的多种应用现状,概括了釜压发泡法、连续挤出发泡法、注塑发泡法以及其他发泡成型法制备PLA发泡材料的成型机理及泡孔结构特点,重点介绍了分子链结构改性、共混改性和微米/纳米级填充改性等较为有效的PLA改性方法,以及各种改性方法所制备的PLA发泡材料的泡孔形态特征。     

聚乳酸／功能化石墨烯纳米复合薄膜的制备与性能

以十八烷基胺修饰氧化石墨烯(GO–ODA)为纳米填料,通过溶液铸膜法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)／GO–ODA纳米复合薄膜。用傅立叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对GO–ODA及纳米复合薄膜的化学结构及形貌进行了表征,并对纳米复合薄膜的拉伸性能、热稳定性和透氧率进行了测试。结果表明,GO–ODA与PLA具有良好的相容性,可均匀分散于PLA基体中,对PLA膜起到增韧增强的效果,同时GO–ODA的加入使PLA的热稳定性和氧气阻隔性均有所提高。     

连续挤出发泡聚乳酸泡孔结构的影响因素

介绍了采用超临界CO2作为发泡剂,连续挤出聚乳酸泡沫塑料的方法。在不同的实验条件下,对聚乳酸进行挤出发泡,得到聚乳酸发泡样品。通过对样品的ESM照片的分析研究,得出了不同的发泡条件对挤出聚乳酸泡沫泡孔结构的影响。结果表明螺杆转速的增加使得泡孔数量增加,泡孔形态更加规整均匀。模头温度影响了泡孔形态,较高的温度会使得样品的泡孔形态受到不利的影响。水分的存在不利于聚乳酸发泡成为均匀发泡倍率高的泡沫制品。成核剂促进异相成核,使发泡样品的泡孔结构更加均匀,大大提高了聚乳酸泡沫塑料的泡孔密度。     

Improved processability and performance of biomedical devices with poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) blends

To improve the processability of micropolymer‐based devices used for biomedical applications, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was melt‐blended with poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) of different molecular weights (MWs; weight‐average MWs = 200, 800, 2000, and 4000; these PEGS are referred to as PEG200, PEG800, PEG2000, and PEG4000, respectively, in this article). The thermal properties, mechanical properties, and rheological properties of the PLA and the PLA–PEG blends were investigated. The tensile samples’ morphologies showed that the low‐MW PEGs filled molds well. The rheological properties confirmed that the low‐MW PEGs decreased the complex viscosity, and improved the processability. With decreasing PEG MW, the PLA glass‐transition temperature decreased. The nanoindenter data show that the addition of PEG decreased the modulus and hardness of PLA. The morphologies of the tensile samples showed that with increasing PEG MW, the thicknesses of the core layers increased gradually. The elongation at break was improved by approximately 247% with the addition of PEG200. Such methods can produce easily processed biological materials for producing biomedical products. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45194.     

聚乳酸共聚改性及应用研究进展

综述了聚乳酸共聚增韧改性的研究进展,详细介绍了直接缩聚法、开环聚合法、扩链剂法等聚乳酸的共聚改性方法,其中直接缩聚法得到的聚合物的相对分子质量较低,开环聚合法得到的聚合物的相对分子质量较高,扩链剂可以与其他2种方法配合使用。最后,综述了聚乳酸共聚物在医学领域及包装领域的应用研究进展。     

聚(乳酸-天冬氨酸)生物降解材料的合成及性能研究

聚乳酸作为第一批可吸收降解材料用于临床,至今已有多年的应用历史。长期的临床观察和研究发现聚乳酸仍存亲水性和缺乏对细胞的诱导能力缺陷,导致其不能在组织工程中大规模应用。本论文成功地将水溶性天冬氨酸引入聚乳酸骨架,性能研究表明其降解速率和亲水性均优于聚乳酸。     

Poly(lactic acid) membranes containing bacteriocins and EDTA for inhibition of the surface growth of gram‐negative bacteria

Films containing antibacterial reagents, ethylenediamine‐tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) and Nisaplin^®, were produced by coextrusion with poly(lactic acid) in the presence of a pharmaceutical grade glycerol triacetate. The incorporation of EDTA‐Nisaplin^® particles resulted in a heterogeneous biphasic structure, as revealed by scanning electronic microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, and acoustic emission tests. The inclusion of glycerol triacetate reduced the Young's modulus and tensile strength, while enhancing the flexibility and the toughness of the resulting blends. The inclusion of the plasticizer also allowed the extrusion to occur at a temperature as low as 120°C to maintain the biological activity of Nisaplin^®, which in combination with EDTA, plays a synergistic effect on suppression of the growth of the Gram‐negative bacteria, E. coli O157:H7. The films thus obtained show potential as packaging materials with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

聚乳酸/木粉复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

以聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,木粉为填料,分别采用热压成型和注塑成型方法制备了PLA/木粉复合材料。实验研究结果表明:当木粉用量由20%增加到60%时,PLA/木粉复合材料的拉伸强度由41.83 MPa降至15.96MPa;弹性模量由1 035.96 MPa降至283.43 MPa,断裂伸长率由7.04%降至1.73%。     

Biodegradable polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were melt-blended and extruded into films in the PLA/PEG ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70. It was concluded from the differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis results that PLA/PEG blends range from miscible to partially miscible, depending on the concentration. Below 50% PEG content the PEG plasticized the PLA, yielding higher elongations and lower modulus values. Above 50% PEG content the blend morphology was driven by the increasing crystallinity of PEG, resulting in an increase in modulus and a corresponding decrease in elongation at break. The tensile strength was found to decrease in a linear fashion with increasing PEG content. Results obtained from enzymatic degradation show that the weight loss for all of the blends was significantly greater than that for the pure PLA. When the PEG content was 30% or lower, weight loss was found to be primarily due to enzymatic degradation of the PLA. Above 30% PEG content, the weight loss was found to be mainly due to the dissolution of PEG. During hydrolytic degradation, for PLA/PEG blends up to 30% PEG, weight loss occurs as a combination of degradation of PLA and dissolution of PEG. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1495–1505, 1997     

可降解聚乳酸的合成及改性研究进展

介绍了可降解材料聚乳酸树脂的合成与改性方法。合成聚乳酸的主要方法有开环聚合、直接缩聚合等。通过共聚、共混、嵌段、接枝、纤维复合可以对聚乳酸进行改性,改进聚乳酸的结构与性能,以进一步扩大应用范围。     

超支化聚酰胺酯对聚乳酸增韧改性的研究

采用熔融共混的方法,用生物可降解的超支化聚酰胺酯(HBP)对聚乳酸(PLA)进行增韧改性,制备出具有良好韧性的PLA复合材料。对不同HBP含量的共混物的红外光谱、热性能和力学性能进行了测试和分析。红外光谱显示PLA和HBP间存在氢键作用。HBP的加入使PLA的结晶度从30.99%降低到18.58%。当HBP含量增加到10%时,PLA共混物的拉伸强度略有提高,且断裂伸长达到43.06%。结果表明:HBP的加入对PLA起到了很好的增韧作用。     

Extrusion Foaming of Poly (lactic acid)/Soy Protein Concentrate Blends

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and soy protein concentrate (SPC) were compounded using poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) as compatibilizer by twin‐screw extrusion, and the resulting blends were foamed by a chemical blowing agent (CBA) using the same extruder. Effects of foaming temperature and CBA content on cell density and foam density were investigated. Polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) as a co‐compatibilizer was added prior to foaming extrusion and its effects on foam morphology and properties were also studied. The results showed that cell density and foam density were greatly influenced by foaming temperature and CBA content. Using the strong interfacial modifier pMDI in PLA/SPC blends resulted in high‐cell density and low‐foam density when CBA concentration was low.

     

PBS/PBAT共混型全生物降解材料的制备及其性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）共混物,用熔体流动速率法、扫描量热法、X射线衍射、扫描电镜法及力学性能测试等手段研究了PBS/PBAT共混物的熔体流动性、结晶性能、力学性能以及共混物相容性。结果表明,随着PBAT含量的增加,PBS/PBAT共混体系的拉伸强度先升高后降低,断裂伸长率不断提高,冲击强度先降低后提高;当PBAT含量为20 %（质量分数,下同）时,与纯PBS相比,断裂伸长率提高10倍,冲击强度提高82 %,而拉伸强度仅仅降低6 %。     

扩链剂TMP-6000对聚乳酸/聚（3-羟基丁酸-co-3 -羟基戊酸酯）共混物性能的影响

以扩链剂TMP-6000为增容剂,采用熔融共混制备了聚乳酸（PLA）和聚（3羟基丁酸co3羟基戊酸酯）（PHBV）复合材料,研究了TMP-6000对PLA/PHBV复合材料的结晶行为、微观结构、力学性能的影响。结果表明,无定形PLA的加入抑制了PHBV的结晶,TMP-6000的加入使得PLA/PHBV复合材料的结晶能力变弱,提高了PLA的冷结晶温度,且当TMP-6000含量为0.5 %（质量分数,下同）时,PLA的冷结晶峰开始消失,且适量的TMP-6000使得PHBV的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）升高;TMP-6000的加入使得PHBV均匀分散于PLA基体中,且当TMP-6000含量为0.7 %时,PLA与PHBV的相容性最好;TMP-6000的加入显著提高了PLA/PHBV复合材料的分子量;TMP-6000提高了PLA与PHBV之间的结合力,提高了复合材料的拉伸强度,但断裂伸长率有稍微地降低。     

聚乳酸-天冬氨酸生物降解材料的合成

含亲水性羧基的聚乳酸-天冬氨酸（PAL）的合成方法有直接法和间接法,但是其产物降解周期难以控制,韧性和抗冲击能力较差。文章通过共聚得到了较好力学性能的生物降解材料。含亲水性羧基的聚乳酸-天冬氨酸（PAL）的结构通过理化常数及光谱分析得到确证。文章所述的合成方法是一条简便,可行的且具备重复强的合成工艺路线。