纳豆芽孢杆菌生产维生素K2的连续发酵工艺优化

为优化维生素K2的高密度连续发酵生产工艺,通过对纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵培养,研究了培养基组成、转速、p H、溶氧量、后处理技术等因素对维生素K2产量的影响。实验结果表明以香菇菌渣复配蛋白胨为氮源(5%),甘油为碳源(5%),pH为7,通气比大于1.5 vvm,转速为600 r/min时,采用高密度连续发酵技术,5 L罐发酵产量最高达35.58 mg/L。发酵液萃取后,废液再通过纳滤膜截流,提高维生素K2回收率,并制成富含维生素K2的菌菇粉。维生素K2的结构经高效液相及质谱确证。大鼠急性毒性实验证明该菌菇粉产品安全无毒。      

纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌对老陈醋中阿魏酸的影响

以纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌为研究对象,用于以玉米为原料的老陈醋发酵.结果表明,糖化酒精发酵第3天接种5.0％的纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌种子液,醋酸发酵结束时的醋汁中阿魏酸含量高达59.36 mg/L.纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌分别接种于玉米、麸皮和谷糠浆液,阿魏酸含量随着发酵时间的延长均先显著增大而后缓慢减小,均在24 h时达到最大值,分别为3...     

纳豆菌原生质体制备与再生条件的研究

研究了菌体培养时间、溶菌酶作用条件(酶作用温度、浓度和时间)对纳豆菌BNK菌株原生质体制备和再生的影响。在此基础之上,考察了不同再生培养基、渗透压稳定剂及原生质体保护剂对再生率的影响。确定了菌株BNK原生质体制备和再生最佳条件为:菌体培养9h收集,0．8mg/ml溶菌酶,30℃作用40min制备原生质体,将原生质体液涂布于以甘露醇为渗透压稳定剂、添加有淀粉的PYG培养基中再生,此时原生质体制备率达98．2%,再生率为28．4%。     

纳豆芽孢杆菌js-1固体发酵低温豆粕的工艺条件优化

以低温豆粕为原料,采用纳豆芽孢杆菌js-1固体发酵,以Fe3+还原力评价粗提物的抗氧化活性为指标进行发酵提取条件优化。首先从装量、基质含水量、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间等5个因子中运用部分因子试验设计筛选出影响固体发酵条件的重要因素;然后在此基础上运用Box-Behnken的中心组合设计原理,采用响应面分析,对固体发酵进行条件优化;最后在单因素试验基础上运用正交试验设计对提取条件进行优化。最终的优化发酵提取条件为:基质含水量73%,接种量19%,发酵时间94.5 h,乙醇体积分数50%,液固比10∶1,提取时间90 min,提取3次。     

Growth characteristics of Bacillus subtilis (natto) in milk

In this paper, Bacillus subtilis (natto) was incubated to develop a possible functional ingredient in ice cream. A lab‐scale culture revealed that incubation in the sterilised milk without dilution and concentration at 37°C for 28 h could obtain ideal growth characteristics of Bacillus subtilis (natto), especially with continuous aeration. Following freezing operation of the cultured milk, survival content of Bacillus subtilis (natto) was at 49–92%, while nattokinase activity was conserved at 62–98% comparing with the initial contents, which indicating a potential for application of natto functional ingredient in frozen milk products.     

纳豆菌的定向筛选及其生物学特征分析

目的从日本成品纳豆中筛选蛋白酶活性高、溶血栓活性显著的纳豆菌,并对筛选获得的菌株进行生物学特征分析。方法用梯度稀释法分离单菌落,然后根据所筛选菌株具有革兰氏染色阳性、淀粉酶活性、高蛋白酶活性、高纤溶酶活性等特征设计纳豆菌株的定向筛选方案。结果获得2株高蛋白酶活性、高纤溶酶活性的纳豆菌BN9和BN23;BN9液体培养物在接种后12 h进入对数生长期,24 h时菌体浓度和蛋白酶活性均达到最高,且生长延滞期的菌体呈长链状结构,对数生长期后期的菌体开始断裂为短杆状。结论采用定向筛选方案获得高溶血栓活性纳豆菌株的方法可行。     

Characterization of fermented black soybean natto inoculated with Bacillus natto during fermentation

BACKGROUND: To make nutrients more accessible and further increase biological activity, cooked black soybeans were inoculatedwith Bacillus natto and fermented at 37 °C for 48 h. The changes in physiochemical properties of fermented black soybean natto were investigated. RESULTS: The inoculation procedure significantly increased moisture, viscosity, color, polyphenol compounds and anthocyanin, and significantly decreased hardness after 48 h fermentation. Fibrinolytic and caseinolytic protease, β‐glucosidase activities, TCA‐soluble nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen contents in the inoculated samples significantly increased as fermentation time increased. Genistin and daidzin concentrations gradually decreased with increased fermentation time. However, genistein and daidzein increased with fermentation time, which reached 316.8 and 305.2 µg g^?1 during 48 h fermentation, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activities of the fermented black soybeans increased linearly with fermentation time and concentration. Compared with the soaked black soybeans and cooked black soybeans, the fermented black soybeans with B. natto resulted in higher scavenging activity towards DPPH radicals, which correlated well with the content of total phenols (r = 0.9254, P < 0.05) and aglycone isoflavone (r = 0.9861, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Black soybean natto fermented by B. natto has the potential to become a functional food because of its high antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

培养条件及表面活性剂的添加对纳豆芽孢杆菌生物膜形成的影响

采用改良的微孔板法培养纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis natto),通过结晶紫染色定量分析产生的生物膜。结果表明:培养条件为pH 7、温度37℃、培养72 h且在5 g/100 mL葡萄糖-5 g/100 mL NaCl条件下成膜能力最佳。柠檬酸二铵和聚乙二醇-200(polyethylene glycol-200,PEG-200)随着质量浓度的增加对生物膜的形成量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,十二烷基磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)抑制生物膜的形成,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,CTAB)促进生物膜的形成。所以低温抑制生物膜的形成,一定浓度的NaCl和葡萄糖促进生物膜形成,不同的表面活性剂对其生物膜的影响机制不同,为纳豆芽孢杆菌生物膜的研究提供理论基础。     

纳豆菌生产微量生理活性物质的研究

高桥和宫城纳豆菌接种于大豆豆渣或大豆煮汁粉培地都能增殖。固体培养时,只有宫城菌在20%豆渣培地能生产出2,6-吡啶二羧酸。液体培养时,0.5%大豆煮汁粉培地比2%大豆煮汁粉培地生产了多量的2,6-吡啶二羧酸;同样的液体培养条件,高桥菌比宫城菌能生产出更多的维生素K2(MK-7)。     

纳豆菌分离、鉴定及纳豆激酶高产菌株的正向选育

从日本纳豆食品中分离到1株枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种(Bacillus subtilis natto)Bs01-1菌株,根据纳豆芽孢杆菌产纳豆激酶与蛋白酶活性的正相关关系,采用紫外线直接照射涂菌蛋白平板进行诱变育种的,成功地筛选到2株突变株MBS04-6和MBS04-9,其溶纤活性分别比出发菌株提高了87%和69%,达到4 179 IU/mL和3788 IU/mL。该法筛选菌株的正向突变率达到10%。     

纳豆菌液体发酵条件的初步研究

纳豆菌为具有很多生理功能的益生菌,能开发多种有保健功能的产品.以实验室选育的纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus natto)BN.0301为出发菌株,研究其液体发酵,对碳源和氮源进行了初步筛选,并确立了其发酵条件为种龄18hr,接种量1%,温度30℃,摇瓶转速180rpm,装液量40ml/250ml,初始pH值6.0,摇瓶发酵周期33hr.     

纳豆芽孢杆菌/短乳杆菌混合发酵米糠的响应面工艺优化

以稳定米糠为主要基质,豆渣为营养因子,纳豆芽孢杆菌和保加利亚乳杆、嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆茵、瑞士乳杆菌、短乳杆菌为试验菌株,运用固态发酵技术,采用响应曲面法对益生茵混合发酵米糠的固体发酵工艺进行优化分析。试验结果表明:短乳杆菌最适于与纳豆芽孢杆菌混合发酵米糠,经响应面优化后最优发酵条件如下:米糠54%、豆渣6%、水40%、接种量10%、纳豆芽孢杆菌与短乳杆菌接种比例为1:1、温度34℃,先接入纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵3 d后再接入短乳杆菌发酵2 d。发酵后米糠中纳豆激酶产生量较其他混合菌种发酵方式明显提高,其中纳豆芽孢杆菌活茵数达到6.8×10~9cfu/g短乳杆菌活茵数4.5×10~9 cfu/g。     

Formation of Volatile Compounds During Bacillus subtilis Fermentation of Soya Beans

The formation of volatile compounds during the Bacillus subtilis fermentation of cooked, roasted soya bean cotyledons was investigated. The materials examined were: dry roasted cotyledons; autoclaved, roasted cotyledons; and autoclaved, roasted cotyledons fermented for 18 h and 36 h at 35°C. Growth of B subtilis led to the formation of many volatile compounds. The volatile compounds formed in the largest amounts during fermentation were 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and trimethylpyrazine. Compounds present at concentrations exceeding their odour threshold values included nonanal, decanal, 1-octen-3-ol, butanedione, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-octanone, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 3,6-dimethyl-2-ethylpyrazine, 2-pentylfuran, dimethyl sulfide, benzaldehyde and 2-methoxyphenol. Compounds found in 18 h fermented cotyledons which were absent, or present in much lower concentrations, in roasted or autoclaved cotyledons included several aliphatic ketones, acetic acid, two aliphatic esters, several pyrazines, 2-pentylfuran, dimethyl sulphide, 2-methoxyphenol and trimethyloxazole. The total mass of volatile compounds present after 36 h incubation was less than half that present after 18 h. This was mainly due to the disappearance of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2,6-dimethylpyrazine. The biogenesis of the volatile compounds is discussed. © 1997 SCI.     

利用纳豆菌种发酵奶液的研究

纳豆激酶具有溶解血栓的作用,纳豆激酶是由纳豆菌发酵大豆产生,纳豆有比较特殊的味道,利用纳豆芽孢杆菌进行奶液发酵,能够获得较高的纳豆激酶活力,而且没有特殊的气味,本文针对不同发酵时间对利用纳豆菌发酵奶液在色泽、口感、pH、芽孢杆菌数、纳豆激酶酶活力进行测定,结果表明利用纳豆菌对奶液进行发酵,成熟只需16h,就能得到较高的纳豆激酶酶活力,并能在4℃冰箱中保存5天,酶活的减少率低于10%。     

高产纳豆菌液体发酵条件研究

以纳豆菌悬浊液的在660 nm下的吸光值作为检测标准,对纳豆菌的液体发酵条件进行研究,探讨种龄、接种量、温度和时间对纳豆菌生长的影响。确定最适种龄为22 h,最佳接种量为5%。其最佳发酵工艺确定为:发酵温度为35℃,发酵时间25 h。     

花生粕固态发酵产纳豆激酶的工艺优化

探索纳豆菌固态发酵花生粕制备纳豆激酶的最佳工艺条件。以纳豆激酶活力为主要评价指标,在单因素实验基础上,通过正交实验优化花生粕固态发酵制备纳豆激酶的工艺条件。得出最佳发酵条件:发酵温度37℃,发酵时间24 h,接种量10%,料液比1∶0.4 g/m L。在此条件下测得发酵产物的纳豆激酶活力达到3162 U/m L,比单因素最高酶活提高了18%(2680 U/m L),可溶性氮含量为5.6 mg/m L,羟自由基清除率为74%,铁还原力的OD值为0.906。      

纳豆中异黄酮组成含量变化研究

研究了纳豆芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subitilis natto)发酵大豆(纳豆)中的异黄酮含量及其组成变化。采用高效液相色谱法,通过梯度洗脱的方式,在261nm处测定吸光度。结果通过发酵,异黄酮苷元含量显著增加。高效液相色谱分析显示在发酵过程中可能生成了新的异黄酮化合物。     

以豆粕为基质纳豆芽孢杆菌生长条件优化

研究纳豆芽孢杆菌在以豆粕为基质的发酵培养基中的生长条件。利用全自动生长曲线测定仪,以菌液浊度OD660nm为指标,对纳豆芽孢杆菌液体发酵培养基中的氮源(豆粕)和碳源(葡萄糖)配比进行研究,确定豆粕质量浓度50g/L,葡萄糖质量浓度10g/L为最佳配比,并通过单因素及正交试验筛选出影响纳豆芽孢杆菌生长的主要条件。再根据Box-Behnken试验优化,结果表明,采用功率80W超声波处理豆粕4.32min,且培养基初始pH6.16,发酵温度35.5℃时纳豆芽孢杆菌在发酵生长13h后达到最大生物量,此时OD660nm为1.635。     

纳豆菌分批发酵纳豆激酶动力学研究

通过三联30L全自动发酵罐对纳豆菌的分批发酵动力学进行了研究,结果表明,纳豆菌的生长与限制性基质葡萄糖浓度之间符合Logistic方程,建立了细胞生长、产物合成和基质消耗随时间变化的数学模型。应用MATLAB软件对发酵动力学模型进行最优参数估计和非线性拟和,获得最大比生长速率(μm)和产物得率(YP/X)分别为0.228h-1、5.835g/g,模型模拟计算结果与和实验值能较好地吻合,动力学研究结果表明该模型能较好地反映细胞的生长、底物消耗和产物合成过程机制。