Fast robust correlation.

A new, fast, statistically robust, exhaustive, translational image-matching technique is presented: fast robust correlation. Existing methods are either slow or non-robust, or rely on optimization. Fast robust correlation works by expressing a robust matching surface as a series of correlations. Speed is obtained by computing correlations in the frequency domain. Computational cost is analyzed and the method is shown to be fast. Speed is comparable to conventional correlation and, for large images, thousands of times faster than direct robust matching. Three experiments demonstrate the advantage of the technique over standard correlation.     

New technique for efficient pattern computation of aperture and reflector antennas

A new and efficient technique for computing secondary patterns of antennas with known aperture distributions is described. The method is extendable to parabolic reflector antennas with given surface current distribution. The fast Fourier transform (f.f.t.) algorithm is used to compute the coefficients of expansion of a series representing the radiation pattern.     

On the summation of double infinite series field computationsinside rectangular cavities

An accurate and efficient computational technique for the full-wave analysis of passive microstrip lines inside rectangular cavities is described. The unique feature of the technique is the transformation of the double infinite series expansion of the method of moments solution into a few single summations of fast converging series using the residue theorem and the contour-integration method. The technique offers improved convergence especially when the field and source points coincide. Examples of the field computations inside the cavity are presented to verify the technique and its usefulness     

Analysis of a coaxially fed monopole in a rectangular waveguide

The boundary-value problem of a coaxially fed monopole in a rectangular waveguide is solved. The technique of image method is applied to transform the original problem into an equivalent problem. A fast convergent series solution based on the Fourier transform and mode matching is presented. Our computation results compare favorably with other existing data.     

Rapid calculation of the Green's function in a rectangular enclosure with application to conductor loaded cavity resonators

A new technique for rapid calculation of the Green's functions in a rectangular cavity is presented. The method is based on a best polynomial approximation in three dimensions, which is implemented through a fast cosine transform. Generating the required samples for polynomial modeling is greatly accelerated through Ewald summation technique. To validate the efficiency of the resulting Chebyshev series for the potential Green's functions, a surface integral-equation (SIE) formulation is used to compute the resonant frequency of conductor loaded cavity resonators. The new scheme is proved to be considerably faster than Ewald transform in filling the method of moments (MoM) matrix. A SIE with the MoM can now be efficiently used for electromagnetic analysis and optimization of conductor or dielectric loaded resonators and filters with rectangular enclosures.     

New method for the efficient summation of double infinite series arising from the spectral domain analysis of frequency selective surfaces

When the method of moments (MoM) in the spectral domain is applied to the analysis of frequency selective surfaces, the entries of the MoM matrix are slowly convergent double infinite series. In this paper, a two-step acceleration technique is developed which makes it possible the fast and accurate computation of these double series in the particular case where subsectional rooftops are used as basis functions. The technique is based on a combination of the use of Kummer's transformation, the use of Poisson's transformation, and the determination of judicious Chebyshev polynomial interpolations of some of the spectral discrete functions involved in the infinite series. The results obtained show that when all the double series of the MoM matrix are to be computed with an accuracy of three significant figures, the new acceleration technique turns out to be about one thousand times faster than brute-force computation, and a few times faster than the acceleration technique based on fast Fourier transform.     

Backprojection by upsampled Fourier series expansion andinterpolated FFT

A fast backprojection method through the use of interpolated fast Fourier transform (FFT) is presented. The computerized tomography (CT) reconstruction by the convolution backprojection (CBP) method has produced precise images. However, the backprojection part of the conventional CBP method is not very efficient. The authors propose an alternative approach to interpolating and backprojecting the convolved projections onto the image frame. First, the upsampled Fourier series expansion of the convolved projection is calculated. Then, using a Gaussian function, it is projected by the aliasing-free interpolation of FFT bins onto a rectangular grid in the frequency domain. The total amount of computation in this procedure for a 512x512 image is 1/5 of the conventional backprojection method with linear interpolation. This technique also allows the arbitrary control of the frequency characteristics.     

渐近波形估计技术加速的频域有限差分法

本文提出了一种基于三维频域有限差分法(3D-FDFD)和渐近波形估计技术(AWE)计算三维微波结构S参数的快速算法。在分析中,将输入和输出端口的电场分别展开成某抽样频率点处的泰勒级数,通过Pad逼近及奇异值分解技术求出电场与频率的有理函数解析表达式,从而获得频带内的S参数。数值计算结果与已有结果吻台良好,并且与传统FDFD法相比,计算效率提高很多。     

Secondary pattern and focal region distribution of reflector antennas under wide-angle scanning

A new numerical method, Fourier-Bessel series techniques, has been developed to investigate the far-field pattern and focal region distribution of reflector antennas under wide-angle scanning. In this Fourier-Bessel series technique, the current on the reflector surface is first expanded in terms of elementary sinusoidal functions via the well established fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm and the surface integration involved in physical optics integration is then carried out analytically. The derivation of Fourier-Bessel series and its convergence as applied to parabolic reflectors are described. The secondary patterns and focal region distributions of a parabolic reflector withF/D = 0.48and scanning up to 48 beamwidths are presented.     

Evaluation of Fourier transform integrals using FFT with improved accuracy and its applications

A new technique that significantly minimizes the aliasing error encountered in the conventional use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms for the efficient evaluation of Fourier transforms of spatially limited functions (such as those that occur in the radiation pattern analysis of reflector antennas and planar near field to far field (NF-FF) transformation) is presented and illustrated through a typical example. Employing this technique and a discrete Fourier series (DFS) expansion for the integrand, a method for computing the radiation integrals of reflector antennas and planar NF-FF transformation integrals at arbitrary observation angles with optimum use of computer memory and time is also described.     

Modeling and improved current control of series resonant converterwith nonperiodic integral cycle mode

A dynamic modeling and an improved current control technique for a series resonant power converter with nonperiodic integral cycle mode are proposed to overcome the disadvantages of an integral cycle mode-controlled series resonant converter. The internal operational characteristics, are investigated in detail and an improved current control technique is developed based on this analysis. Using the proposed control technique, the minimized current ripple with reduced offset current and the fast transient response with negligible overshoot can be obtained. Furthermore, the continuous output voltage levels can also be available by accurately controlling the average filter input current. The usefulness of the proposed technique is verified through computer simulations and experiments     

Deadbeat controller design for a soft-switched high-frequencyresonant rectifier

In this paper, a deadbeat controller design technique is developed for a quantum boost series resonant rectifier (QBSRR) to achieve the fast dynamic responses of the output voltage in the presence of any load variations, and in order to monitor the load information without employing the current sensor, the load estimation method is also derived. By using the information of the load estimation method, the proposed controller gain is automatically adjusted to have the system always keep the very fast dynamic responses. To verify these superior performances, the simulation and experiment are carried out     

Kinetic parameter estimation from renal measurements with a three-headed SPECT system: a simulation study

We present here a direct least-squares estimation (DLSE) method for the determination of renal kinetic parameters from sequences of very fast acquisitions performed with a three-headed single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system. A simple linear model for the behavior of the radiopharmaceutical, as well as a spatial model for its spatial distribution are defined. The model enables one to estimate the kinetic parameters directly from the projections, once the plasma concentration function is known. A new technique for the accurate reconstruction of time-radioactivity curves based on the direct reconstruction of the region-of-interest contents from a series of data from three-projections is presented. The technique is used to determine the plasma concentration function with a sub-second time resolution. The spatially-variant geometrical response is also included in the model to compensate for the spatial resolution of the SPECT system. Results obtained from simulations are presented. Basic spatial and time features of the simulations are derived from a patient study. Noise and segmentation errors are also simulated. The DLSE method is compared with the conventional one of deriving kinetic parameters from the time series of reconstructed images. The standard deviation of results given by DLSE is less than 2%, whereas with the conventional method it is between 5% and 6%. Within the limit of statistical fluctuations, DLSE results are unbiased whereas those of the conventional method are overestimated by 24%.     

A fast converging series expansion for the 2-D periodic Green's function based on perfectly matched layers

A new formalism based on perfectly matched layers (PMLs) is proposed to derive a fast converging series expansion for the two-dimensional periodic Green's function of layered media. The series combines a modal expansion for the waveguide formed by the layered medium terminated by PMLs with a truncated periodic Green's function series in the spatial domain. The efficiency of the new approach is illustrated by studying the scattering by a grid of metallic wires, both in free space and embedded in a dielectric slab. It is shown that the new technique results in a significant speed up compared to existing approaches.     

Calculating Chebyshev shading coefficients via the discrete Fourier transform

A previous technique for deriving Chebyshev shading coefficients using a cosine series is rewritten in the form of an inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT) thus allowing one to take advantage of standard DFT algorithms. The reduced accuracy required for intermediate calculations is retained. Additionally, the fast Fourier transform can be used giving computational savings.     

New optimal predictive current mode control technique for bilevel quantum series resonant convertors

A new optimal predictive current mode control technique is proposed to improve the performance of a bilevel quantum series resonant convertor. With this technique, the fast transient response with negligible overshoot and the minimised current ripple with reduced offset current can be available.<>     

Shunt posts in microstrip transmission lines

Shunt posts in microstrip transmission lines are analyzed by employing the planar waveguide model. A multiple expansion method with greatly enhanced efficiency and accuracy has been achieved with the development of very fast algorithms for the computation of Schloemilch-type series. The method applies to perfectly conducting imperfectly conducting, and composite shunt posts. This approach is compared with the standard point matching technique for perfectly conducting posts. The two methods are found to be in excellent agreement in regions of overlapping applicability. A fairly wide range of computed data is utilized to develop the tools needed to incorporate the post into various microstrip circuit applications. As one application, a procedure is developed for using this post to obtain effective short-circuiting qualities over a broad frequency range. As a second application, the possibility of creating filtering devices is explored using both multiple metallic post structures and single dielectric posts     

High performance series-parallel type on-line UPS

An improved single-phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is proposed that is composed of a series converter and a parallel converter. The series converter regulates the output voltage, and then the parallel converter provides reactive current compensation and battery charging. A fast detection technique of the line voltage is proposed, which has almost zero transition time from the line power mode to the power failure mode. Furthermore, a current controller of the parallel converter for unity power factor is suggested and it is derived using the feedback linearization technique. A current limit technique in the power failure mode is proposed to protect the parallel converter without a system trip under any impulsive load. All control algorithms are implemented in software with a single-chip microcontroller. Experimental results obtained under a 3?kVA prototype show good transient and steady-state performance such as almost negligible transition time, 97% power efficiency and 99% power factor.     

What is the fast Fourier transform?

The fast Fourier transform is a computational tool which facilitates signal analysis such as power spectrum analysis and filter simulation by means of digital computers. It is a method for efficiently computing the discrete Fourier transform of a series of data samples (referred to as a time series). In this paper, the discrete Fourier transform of a time series is defined, some of its properties are discussed, the associated fast method (fast Fourier transform) for computing this transform is derived, and some of the computational aspects of the method are presented. Examples are included to demonstrate the concepts involved.     

带有反向并联二极管的E类调谐功率放大器的分析

本文给出带有反向并联二极管E类调谐功率放大器的一般分析方法。文中首先讨论二极管导通角的确定,然后利用傅里叶分析与状态方程相结合的技术,推导出功率放大器响应的傅里叶级数表达式,并给出其性能参数分析,为该类放大器设计提供有效的支持。实际应用表明,本文提出的方法快速,可靠。