浮法玻璃成形过程中拉边机作用影响机制

在浮法玻璃生产过程中,合理选择拉边机参数对于控制浮法玻璃的成形至关重要。通过阐述生产过程中玻璃带厚薄差现状,分析拉边机参数设置对玻璃厚度曲线的影响。通过对拉边机工艺进行优化设计,保证玻璃厚薄差在合适的范围内,可以有效地提升产品的质量和生产效率。     

全自动拉边机的机械特性及产品选型

简要介绍了一般拉边机的机理,详尽说明了全自动拉边机的机械特性,指出了其与一般拉边机相比能有效提高玻璃质量和生产效益,同时也介绍了落地式和吊挂式两种全自动拉边机的选型.     

悬挂式全自动拉边机在超薄电子玻璃生产中的应用

超薄浮法玻璃的生产虽然同属浮法玻璃的生产,但在生产工艺参数上与一般浮法玻璃的生产却有着很大区别,2mm以下的超薄玻璃薄如蝉翼,其成形极难控制,对拉边机的控制要求很高。悬挂式全自动拉边机用于超薄浮法电子玻璃生产的成形段,其作用是依靠拉边机最前端的拉边轮牵引浮在锡槽液面上的玻璃带前进,并通过调节拉边轮的线速度及其水平偏角、平面倾角等,以达到控制玻璃带厚度及稳定玻璃板宽度的目的。悬挂式全自动拉边机具有增加产品品种、减少改板时间、提高玻璃质量等优点,可以为超薄浮法玻璃商品化生产提供强有力的保证。     

浮法玻璃成形工艺技术参数的理论计算

我国浮法玻璃生产线生产薄或厚玻璃一般都采用拉边机法。苯文针对在确定成形工艺技术参数（拉边机对数和各对速度）时，还停留在凭操作经验因人而异、未能形成规范化生产的情况，以理论知识争实践经验相结合的方法，总结、分析研究，进而找出了浮法成形工艺技术参数之问的相互关系及其变化规律，并提出在拉薄或拉厚玻璃时，应以使各对拉边机速度互相配合和协调为准则，各对拉边机的速度要成有规律的线性变化，前后对拉边机的速比i成有规律的曲线变化，总速比iT是玻璃厚度8的函数，即与玻璃厚度8成有规律的曲线变化。从而推导出了浮法成形工艺技术参数的计算方法和公式，为浮法成形实现规范化生产打下基础。     

有关浮法厚玻璃生产的几种方法

作者介绍了一种适应我国目前浮法现状的生产厚玻璃的工艺方法.在吸收国外挡边法和倒八字拉边机法的基础上,在锡槽高温区设置最短挡墙,在玻璃带离开挡墙后,依靠几对倒八字拉边机的作用,阻止玻璃带向外摊薄.调节挡墙距离、挡墙的水冷强度及拉边机的速度、角度,生产出平整度好的浮法厚玻璃.     

研究浮法玻璃带宽收缩率的变化规律减少改品种操作引起的废次品时间

通过推导浮法玻璃带宽收缩率的实用测算公式及整理研究大量生产原始数据，得出玻璃带宽收缩率的变化规律，用于指导实践，使改品种时能准确地预先制定第1对拉边机的机杆外余量参数，从而保证了改品种的顺利进行，明显地减少了改品种操作引起的废次品时间，进一步促进了成型操作的科学化。     

创造良好成形工艺条件减少波筋产生因素

针对形成波筋产生机理和影响因素等方面进行了说明和探讨.结合以往生产中出现的波筋主要表现形式,分别从玻璃的料性、温度与黏度、拉边机的外力、拉边机对横向温度及锡槽电加热系统等诸方面对玻璃带的影响进行了阐述.对系统地解决该项缺陷提供了些参考性意见.     

研究浮法玻璃带宽收缩率的变化规律减少改品种操作引起的废次品时间

我们通过推导浮法玻璃带宽收缩率的实有测算公式及整理研究大量生产原始数据，得出玻璃带宽收缩率的变化规律，用于指导实践，使改品种时能准确地预先制定第一时（1＃）拉边机的机杆外余量参数，从而保证了改品种的顺利进行，明显地减少了改品种操作引起的废次品时间，进一步促进了成形操作的科学化。     

锡槽拉边机入口密封装置

锡槽是浮法玻璃生产线的关键设备之一,玻璃在锡槽内摊平、成型抛光。锡槽内被不断地充入防止锡液氧化的氮氢保护气体。浮法玻璃生产对锡槽密封有着严格的要求,锡槽密封的好坏直接影响玻璃表面质量和锡液的消耗。目前国内锡槽拉边机入口大多数没有设置专门的密封装置,只是在拉边机调整定位后,采用耐火纤维棉或耐火泥临时堵塞密封,存在如下缺点：     

浮法玻璃锡槽冷修改造系统设计优化探讨

利用浮法玻璃生产线锡槽冷修改造契机,针对锡槽密封、锡液波动、锡液拉边机及其锡渣箱密封等环节,对锡槽系统进行优化设计与设备部件更新,提升锡槽运行效率,减少玻璃生产中拉边机脱边、沾锡、摆板、满槽、断板等生产事故发生,实现浮法玻璃锡槽自动化监控系统的有效管理.     

浮法退火窑辊子失效形式与解决对策

浮法退火窑辊子有5类失效形式,其对输送玻璃的产质量都会造成一定的影响,应按照解决对策进行防范,才是保证输送玻璃产质量的有效途径。     

Calculation of Temperature Distributions in Glass Plates Undergoing Heat-Treatment

A method is presented for calculating temperature distributions in diathermanous sheets that are being heated or cooled. It differs from previous calculations of this type in that it takes a more comprehensive account of radiative effects that play a part in these processes. Principally, these effects are the penetration of external radiation into the sheet, the emission and partial re-absorption of radiation within the sheet, and multiple internal reflection between the surfaces of the sheet. A high-speed digital computer has been programmed to perform these calculations. The results of a few representative examples are presented to illustrate the influence of diathermancy on the thermal history of glass plates undergoing various heat-treatments.     

物理改性对PP成型收缩性的影响

研究了物理改性对聚丙烯(PP)成型收缩率的影响效果及其作用机理。研究表明,填充、共混、增强改性均可降低PP的成型收缩率。填充改性通过改变PP的结构状态影响PP的成型收缩率,且片状的滑石粉有较好的效果;共混改性通过使共混组分的分子链相互缠绕,改变PP的结晶从而控制PP的成型收缩率,与高密度聚乙烯相比,线性低密度聚乙烯对PP成型收缩率的影响较显著;玻璃纤维(GF)增强改性PP除了起到破坏PP的结晶度,从而影响成型收缩率外,更重要的是GF的加入限制了PP的结晶收缩。     

PLC在冷端分片装置的应用

PLC广泛应用于玻璃制造领域，为玻璃生产自动化控制设备提供了非常可靠的控制应用。本文针对薄玻璃生产中辊道运干亍速度快，末端取片压力大等缺点，提出应用PLC和变频器来控制分片机以实现增加支线取片的目的，并对PLC程序设计思路、方法及变频器参数设置做了详细的描述。     

A method for calculating the impact strength of sheet glass

Theoretical bases for calculating the dynamic strength of tempered sheet glass under the test conditions envisaged by GOST 5727-88 are considered. Methods for calculating the minimum height of a falling ball, the dynamic stresses appearing in specimens of tempered glass, and the minimum degree of tempering required for providing a specified dynamic strength of the glass are considered.     

SURFACE LAYER OF SHEET GLASS*

This research was conducted to obtain evidence of the nature of the fire polish on sheet glass. Three measurements were made on each sample as follows: (1) The deviations from Fresnel's reflection laws, (2) a measurement based on the Pfund method of determining the apparent Brewsterian angle as compared to that calculated from the index of refraction of the glass, and (3) the true index of refraction by a prism method in which the samples were cut and ground to 60-degree prisms. These measurements showed that freshly drawn sheet glass probably has a crystalline layer several molecules thick on the surface. The layer has a high index of refraction, but this is counteracted quickly by water absorption if the glass is dampened slightly or is exposed to the atmosphere.     

Studies of sintering of coal ash relevant to pulverized coal utility boilers: 1. Examination of the Raask shrinkage—electrical resistance method

The Raask shrinkage and electrical resistance method for determining the onset of sintering of fly ash has been tested on a soda lime glass, coal ASTM ashes, fly ashes and pulverized synthetic mineral mixtures. Results with the glass confirmed those of Raask and showed that particle size distribution and bulk density affected the resistance values: the sinter point was indicated by a change in the characteristic temperature coefficient of resistance. The shrinkage and electrical sinter points were usually the same, but a high Na content lignite gave 850°C for shrinkage but 600°C for characteristic resistance change. Sinter points were 200°C less for fly ash than for ASTM ash. The fly ashes had a slight enrichment of alkalies and a decrease in Fe content compared to the total ash. Holding a compact at a temperature above the sinter point gave increased strength and shrinkage, but no decrease in electrical resistance, indicating that the decrease in resistance as temperature increased was due to the establishment of contact points between particles, with little effect of the continued growth of a contact neck. Addition of pulverized sodium silicate or iron silicate glasses to a synthetic ash also reduced the sinter points, as did alkali additions, whereas addition of pyrite did not. It was concluded that the method was a valuable tool, but sources of variability had to be determined and controlled.     

Ultrasonic Sol/Gel Processing of Aluminoborosilicate Glass and Its Composite with Carbon Fiber Reinforcement

An ultrasonic sol/gel technique has been used to process aluminoborosilicate glass and its composite with carbon fiber reinforcement. In this new technique, ultrasonic energy is used in place of alcohol solvent. Gel time is easily controlled by varying the amount of ultrasonic energy and the resulting gel also exhibits less shrinkage during the densification process. The sonogel-based composite has lower flexural strengths than the alcogel and has close values between the measured moduli, while still retaining the same fracture toughness. Micromechanical analysis produces higher values; however, ill is suspected that the in situ modulus of matrix is lower than the value used in the analysis.     

Wavelet-neuro-heuristics complex procedure of diagnostics of point defects of sheet glass

An analysis of the principal types of the defects of sheet glass that appear upon its production is given. The wavelet-neuron-heuristics procedure of diagnostics of point defects of sheet glass has been suggested and algorithm of its realization has been developed. The example of the diagnostics of a “closed bubble” defect has been given. The developed algorithmic software is designed for use in the automated control system of multistep production of high-quality sheet glass.     

Performance study on an acrylic mirror boosted solar distillation unit utilizing seawater

A solar still is a simple desalination unit, but typical configuration is a sealed box with an angled glass top. Sunlight shining into the box heats water or liquid, causing it to evaporate. The moisture condenses on the relatively cool glass cover and runs down the sloped surface for collection. In this paper, the performance of solar still in terms of collection of distilled water have been analyzed and a booster mirror (acrylic) is attached with just above the glass cover of solar still, which will reflect solar radiation in excess to water and it is possible to adjust the booster mirror for perfect reflection depending upon the sun moving angle. Low rates of distillation have been observed with the existing unit. A notable result has been observed with a boosted distillation unit (4.2 L/m²/d at 890 W/m² max.). The arrangements have been made by commercial Al sheet material and insulated with a thermocol sheet.