自然发酵酸菜汁中乳酸菌的分离、鉴定及发酵剂的筛选

从自然发酵酸菜汁中可以分离出许多优良菌株。本试验成功地分离出一株乳酸球菌（代号为L），经初步鉴定属于明串珠菌属，并进行了部分生理特点试验，用其发酵白菜，显示出发酵补期生长快、产酸率高、风味柔和的特点。将其与已应用于发酵酸白菜中的两株乳酸杆菌（代号为1681,1047）组成不同配比的发酵剂发酵白菜，根据pH值、可滴定酸及感官指标的等综合评定，确定L:1681=1:2,L:1047=1:2,1681:1047=1:2:1三种发酵剂接种发酵效果较好，pH值下降快，最终达3.5左右，且感官指标较好，可用于接种发酵酸白菜生产工艺中。     

发酵鸡粪的高温蛋白分解菌的筛选

采用含有酪素的细菌培养基进行稀释分离,从自然鸡粪堆肥中筛选出16株分解蛋白能力较强的菌株,透明圈直径(d)最大达到66.5mm;通过酶活性的测定,得到9个菌株其中性蛋白酶活力较高,并且在50℃能良好生长;将9个高温菌株分别回接灭菌鸡粪,筛选得到有5个菌株能在鸡粪中定殖,50℃恒温发酵10天,活菌数达到109个g-1以上;接种JS8菌株进行鸡粪发酵,从温度、含水量及pH值指标上,均明显好于鸡粪自然发酵,说明人工添加外源菌群有利于缩短发酵时间、减少发酵过程中养分损失,具有广阔的应用前景。     

小麦白粉病潜在生防菌的筛选与控病特性研究

2001-2004年从山东，河南等11省采集土样78份，通过稀释平板法共分离菌株282株，其中真菌138株，细菌72株，放线菌61株。通过小麦白粉菌的孢子萌发抑制试验和小麦离体叶病害抑制试验的初步筛选，共得到12株防效较好的菌种。将所筛选的12个菌株进行温室盆栽苗病害控制试验。结果表明：细菌菌种PE4、C26、C27与真菌菌种P17-1对小麦白粉病抑制能力较强。防治效果分别达74．96％、70．1％、67．33％和64．71％。并对不同处理的小麦株高和千粒重进行方差分析。其中菌株PE4、C26、GE11处理的小麦千粒重分别为43．57，42．21，41．57g，与对照千粒重（29．22g）差异极显著。     

重金属铅和镉对玉米品质的影响

盆栽条件下,研究了铅与镉胁迫对富友1号玉米籽粒中蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和淀粉含量的影响。铅胁迫试验设0,250,400,550,700,850,1000μg·g-1(以纯铅计)7种浓度处理;镉胁迫试验设0,8,16,24,32,40,48μg·g-1(以纯镉计)7种浓度处理。结果表明:在重金属胁迫下,玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪含量变化均呈先升后降趋势,在铅胁迫下,700μg·g-1处理蛋白质含量最高,为100mg·g-1;在镉胁迫下,32μg·g-1处理的蛋白质含量最高,为115mg·g-1。淀粉含量变化趋势与此相反,其中铅胁迫下的淀粉含量分别是724,715,713,712,709,715,725mg·g-1;镉胁迫下的淀粉含量分别是724,711,710,708,692,704,705mg·g-1。     

不同肥力棕壤及其微团聚体中酶活性比较

对辽宁省主要地区不同肥力典型棕壤及其微团聚体中4种主要酶活性进行测定与统计分析,试验结果表明,高肥力棕壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性分别为1073±404NH3-Nμg·g-1±、2232.7±633.1酚μg·g-1±·24h、13.09±5.83葡萄糖mg·g-1±.24h和625.2酚μg·g-1±0.5h,显著高于低肥力棕壤相应的酶活性。在各粒级微团聚体中,<10μm徼团聚体的4种酶活性最高,50～250μm微团聚体中的酶活性最低,并且<10μm微团聚体中酶活性在高低不同肥力土壤之间差异最为显著。     

玉米黄酒发酵条件的优化

以玉米碴为原料,分别选用UV－48黑曲霉和啤酒酵母为发酵菌种,通过对接种量、培养温度、pH值以及发酵周期的研究,确定以玉米为原料制作黄酒的最佳发酵条件为：最适接种量为糖化菌10％,酵母菌1％;最适发酵温度为15－18℃;最适pH值为4.5-5.5,最适发酵周期为16－19d。     

油泥高效降解菌的筛选及其性能研究

从胜利油田及河南油田分离筛选出6株除油菌,对单一菌株和XT-4、F-2、C-2、A-1和AB-1菌组成的混合菌进行了性能评价,并对混合菌降解石油烃的能力进行了研究。通过研究表明,混合菌在耐温、耐酸碱和耐矿化度方面均比单一菌种优越,混合菌具有更好的协同作用和对环境的适应性,其对含油量高和含盐量高的油泥具有很好的降解效果,当油泥含油量高达126g kg-1时,经过混合菌120d的降解,降解率可以达到61.35%。     

乳品污水蛋白降解细菌及其产酶条件的筛选

从乳品污水中筛选出一株蛋白降解细菌,经鉴定为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacilluspumilus)。其蛋白酶反应的最适温度为38℃,最适pH值为7.0。最佳产酶条件为30℃,150r·min-1,种龄18h,接种量5%,250mL三角瓶中装液量90mL,发酵周期64h。在此条件下,菌株产生的中性蛋白酶活力最高达到52U·mL-1。     

EM发酵饲料中主要微生物类群的动态变化

对EM发酵饲料中乳酸杆菌、酵母菌、大肠菌群、腐败菌等微生物类群的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明 :饲料经EM发酵后 ,乳酸杆菌大量增加 ,发酵第4天达到最大值(9.5×108CFU·g-1 饲料) ,大肠菌群与腐败菌被明显抑制。并认为细菌总数与酵母菌数量不能作为评价EM发酵饲料质量好坏的指标。     

盐碱地小麦根际联合固氮菌数量分布研究

结合气相色谱仪和乙炔还原(ARA),采用最可能计数法(MPN)和荧光抗体(FA)染色法对盐碱地小麦根际联合固氮菌及优良固氮菌株Pseudomonassp.ChW1和Zoogloeasp.ChW6数量分布进行了测定。结果表明:小麦根际各部位均存在联合固氮菌类群,但数量相对较小、差异较大(102～106个g-1干土或根),分布趋势呈RP>RS>NRS>HP;菌株Pseudomonassp.ChW1是一种相对广谱的联合固氮菌株,在小麦根际不同部位均有分布,数量除在根系表面(RP)较多(105个g-1干根)外,其它部位较少(102～103个g-1干土或根);Zoogloeasp.ChW6菌株是一种分布谱相对较窄的联合固氮菌株,只分布于根表土壤(RS)和根系表面(RP),数量102～104个g-1干土或根。自然状况下,小麦根际固氮菌数量较少,有必要通过使用联合固氮菌接种剂提高小麦根际固氮菌种群数量,增强种群竞争力,增加根际微生物固氮总量。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.