乳香素对断奶仔猪饲喂效果试验

本试验采取随机区组设计，选用４５日龄断奶的杜长大三元杂种猪３０头，随机分成对照组、试１组、试２组，饲粮分别添加０％、０．０５％、０．１％乳香素，进行对比试验。经３１天试验表明，试验１组、２组与对照组相比，平均日增重提高１４．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）与１２．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５），平均日采食量提高１０．２％与１０．５％，饲料利用率提高４％与２．３％，头均净增利润１１．４５元与７．８６元。     

汞有机化合物为中性载体的氯离子选择电极的研制

以汞有机化合物（μ－（４．５－二甲基－３，６－双（辛氧基）－１．２－苯）双（三氟乙酸）二汞（ＥＴＨ９００９）为活性物质，季铵盐为添加剂，研制了氯离子中性载体电极，比较了膜相中季铵盐的含量对电极性能的影响，结果表明用２．０％ＥＴＨ９００９，３３．０％ＰＶＣ粉，６５．０％ＤＯＳ及１０．０ｍｏｌ％ＴＤＤＡＣｌ（相对于ＥＴＨ９００９）制成的电极，对氯离子响应的斜率为－５８．０±１．０ｍＶ，测定了是极对常见     

饲粮中糙米代替玉米对中猪增重效果的研究

采用体重约４５千克、日龄相近的“长大”中猪３２头,均分成４组。１组为对照组（玉米４７％、糙米为０）,２、３、４组饲粮中分别以糙米４０％、７０％、１００％代替玉米进行２６天饲养试验。结果１、２、３和４组日增重分别为７４３、７４８、７５５和７６１克,差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。料重比和增重耗料成本有所下降。结果表明,在中猪饲粮中用糙米代替玉米４０％～１００％是可行的。     

MCS－51单片机串行通讯波特率设置的特点与误差

ＭＣＳ－５１单片机串行通讯波特率设置的特点与误差张小鸣（２１３０１５）煤科总院常州自动化研究所１ＭＣＳ—５１单片机波特率设置的特点ＭＣＳ一到单片机串行口的波特率设置分为两种情况：ａ．‘当串行口工作于方式０和方式２时，彼特率固定不变，计算公式为：方式０...     

仔猪断奶腹泻及断奶前期限饲对增重的影响

开展了对３６窝２９７头断乳仔猪腹泻频率及断奶前期限饲对增重的影响试验。试验表明,仔猪多在断奶后３～４天开始腹泻,６～９天腹泻达到高峰,三周内腹泻面可达７９．３％;２３．６％的仔猪在断奶后一周内失重,平均日增重为－５１．６克;不同腹泻频率对仔猪后期增重差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）;仔猪断奶始重（Ｘ１）和前期日增重（Ｘ２）对保育期全程日增重（ｙ）相关极显著（ｒ１＝０．２５９,ｒ２＝０．４５９,Ｐ〈０．０１）,经回归分析,回归关系显著（ｙ＝２１４．３１＋１５．９５Ｘ１,ｙ＝３３９．２＋０．４８Ｘ２,Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

MAIS图像大气订正及其在岩矿制图中的应用

：针对１９９５年９月１３日在内蒙大青山地区的一次ＭＡＩＳ航空遥感飞行试验,给出了一种以地面大气同步测量为前提、基于计算机查找表的大气订正方法。该方法具有简单、实用等特点,特别适合于像航空成像光谱遥感这样大数据量的图像定量信息获取。在可见、近红外光谱区（０．４～１．２μｍ）,该方法的订正精度约为８．５％（总误差）,即反射率在３％～５０％范围内时,反射率获取精度约为０．００２～０．０５反射率单位。利用大气订正后的ＭＡＩＳ反射率图像,得到了中粒钾长花岗岩、绿泥化片麻岩和灰岩这三种岩矿在该试验区的空间分布。与地面勘查结果比较表明,大气订正后的高光谱分辨率航空成像遥感数据（如ＭＡＩＳ）可用于干旱、半干旱地区的岩矿分布研究与制图。     

新型全固态地尔硫Zhuo电极的研制

本文研制了一种新型全固态地尔硫Ｚｈｕｏ电极，并对其性能和应用进行了研究。结果表明电极具有相当好的稳定性。其Ｎｅｒｎｓｔ线性响应范围为１．０×１０＾－２￣５．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，斜率为５３．５ｍＶ／ｐＣ，检测下限为２．５×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，用标准曲线法对地尔硫Ｚｈｕｏ片溶液进行了测定（标示量４ｍｇ／每片）。结果显示平均回收率为１００．８％，ＲＳＤ：±０．６８％。片剂溶液进行含量测定时，溶液     

日粮能量蛋白质水平对种公猪繁殖性能的影响

本文以杜洛克公猪为试材,研究日粮能量蛋白质水平对种公猪繁殖性能的影响,试验采用单因子随机试验设计,１８头平均为１１月龄的种公猪,按照体重、月龄和窝别平均分为三组,每组６头;日粮设两种蛋白质水平（１２％,１６％）,两种能量水平（３．０Ｍｃａｌ／ｋｇ,３．４Ｍｃａｌ／ｋｇ）,组合成三种日粮处理：１）高能高蛋白组（ＥＰ）,２）低能高蛋白组（ｅＰ）,３）低能低蛋白组（ｅＰ）,三组公猪随机对应三种日粮处理。试验结果表明,日粮处理对种公猪体重、日增重、背膘厚、睾丸体积有显著影响;本试验所设范围内,日粮能量蛋白质水平对公猪繁殖性能无影响。     

玉米弯孢菌叶斑病产量损失估计模型的研制

采用不同菌源梯度人工接种的方法,在田间造成玉米弯孢菌叶斑病流行动态不同的１８个发病小区,分析各期病情指数与产量构成因子之间的相关性,结果表明：玉米弯孢菌叶斑病对玉米面粒重、单穗重和产量都有显著影响,产量损失率与病情指数呈正相关,产量损失率最高可达３８．２４％,而病情指数对穗数没有直接影响。利用电子计算机ＳＰＳＳ统计分析软件构建了两个玉米弯孢菌叶斑病产量损失估计模型：（１）关键期病情模型（ＣＰＭ）,Ｌ＝２．８２１９＋０．７４０２ｘ１（Ｒ＝０．８７９９,ＳＤ＝５．２１４９,Ｎ＝１８）。（２）多期病情模型（ＭＰＭ）：Ｌ＝１．０７３＋０．４２６ｘ１＋０．１７０ｘ２（Ｒ＝０．８９２,ＳＤ＝５．２８９８,Ｎ＝１８）。式中：Ｌ为玉米产量损失率;ｘ１为授粉期病情指数;ｘ２为灌浆后期病情指数。     

不同酶制剂对生长猪效果试验

选择１２８头长大二元杂交猪随机分为４组，每组设２个重复。４组分别饲喂含０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的红八利酶制剂、万达福酶制剂和溢多利酶制剂的饲粮，试验为期２９天。试验结果表明，猪日粮中添加红八利酶和溢多利酶可促进生长和改善饲料利用率。与对照组相比，红八利酶组平均日增重提高４．９２％（Ｐ＞０．０５），饲料利用率提高１．７２％（Ｐ＞０．０５），经济效益提高５．０４％；溢多利酶组平均日增重提高３．８７％（Ｐ＞０．０５），饲料利用率提高５．５０％（Ｐ＞０．０５），经济效益提高９．３６％；而万达福酶组对猪的生长性能和饲料利用率有负效应     

Basic fuzzy logic and <Emphasis Type="Italic">BL</Emphasis>-algebras II

 Three new (easy) results about the computational complexity of basic propositional fuzzy logic BL are presented. An important formula of predicate logic is shown 1-true in all interpretations over saturated BL-chains but is not a BL-1-tautology, i.e. is not 1-true in a safe interpretation over a non-saturated BL-algebra. Partial support of the grant No. A1030004/00 of the Grant Agency of the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic is acknowledged.     

苹果叶片氮含量高光谱反演方法对比

快速、无损、及时地准确估算苹果叶片氮含量是保证苹果产量和质量的基础,利用高光谱技术对苹果叶片氮含量进行遥感反演可为合理施肥提供理论依据.利用2012年和2013年山东省肥城市潮泉镇下寨村不同生育期的苹果叶片氮含量和相应的叶片光谱数据进行分析和建模.首先分析了叶片氮含量与原始光谱、一阶微分及三边光谱指数之间的相关性,筛选...     

Two ways of assessing absorbance of fresh leaves from near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

In the standard way of measuring fresh leaf absorbance (logl/R) using laboratory equipment, the leaf generally needs to be put on a reflective background. Leaf transmissivity can be deduced from modelling the propagation of light within this bi-component sample and its subsequent reflectance or absorbance. The contribution through the leaf of the energy emanating from this background is highest near 1000 nm. A model of radiation transfers inside a fresh leaf put upon a reflective background, provides a simulation of the subsequently measured reflectance and allows an index of transmissivity T to be calculated. This index takes into account possible optical differences between the two leaf surfaces. Tests carried out using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy at 1000 nm are presented in relation to a structural (leaf mass per area) and a chemical (chlorophyll content) variable: the index of transmissivity and the related absorbance (logl/T) may provide an improvement in the predictive character of standard leaf absorbance (log l/R) spectra. Some problems involved in fresh leaves spectroscopy are examined.     

On spectral estimates of fresh leaf biochemistry

Protein, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, sugar, and starch contents per unit leaf area of fresh leaves were related to the corresponding reflectance and transmittance spectra using multiple linear regressions. When the regressions are evaluated over the data set used for calibrating, they show relatively good performances. However, applying these relations to an independent data set led to very poor performances. It was concluded that the detailed canopy biochemistry was not accessible in a robust way from fresh leaf optical properties measurements over a large range of leaf types. The only variables that can be accurately derived from leaf reflectance or transmittance measurements are water and dry matter (i.e., the specific leaf weight) contents per unit leaf area. Transforming reflectance (rho) or transmittance (tau) values into the corresponding absorbance (log(1/rho) or log(1/tau)) values improves the accuracy of the estimates. Using transmittance rather than reflectance provides better retrieval performances. We investigated the sensitivity of the relationships to the radiometric noise associated to reflectance or transmittance measurements. It appears, particularly for water, that the estimates are quite sensitive to the radiometric resolution of the instrument used. We propose a technique that minimizes the sensitivity of the estimates to the radiometric noise and improves their robustness. It consists of enlarging the calibration data set by adding random instrumental noise similar to that observed over the test data set. Results show that, this way, three wavebands (1910, 1380, and 900nm for water; 2310, 2160, and 1870 nm for dry matter) allow good estimates of water (RMSE 0.0011g cm 2) and dry matter contents (RMSE 0.0008 g cm 2).     

板弹簧用作称重弹性体时的迟滞与补偿

采用车辆板弹簧作为称重传感器的弹性体检测车辆载荷时,板弹簧的迟滞严重影响了载荷检测的精度。以一种卡车的后车桥板弹簧为例,介绍采用单片机对车辆板弹簧迟滞现象进行补偿的方法。这种方法简单可行,试验结果表明:补偿后,迟滞对称重结果的影响可减小为原来的20%,提高了这种称重装置的检测精度和实用性。     

Modified locally linear discriminant embedding for plant leaf recognition

Based on locally linear embedding (LLE) and modified maximizing margin criterion (MMMC), a modified locally linear discriminant embedding (MLLDE) algorithm is proposed for plant leaf recognition in this paper. By MLLDE, the plant leaf images are mapped into a leaf subspace for analysis, which can detect the essential leaf manifold structure. Furthermore, the unwanted variations resulting from changes in period, location, and illumination can be eliminated or reduced. Different from principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), which can only deal with flat Euclidean structures of plant leaf space, MLLDE not only inherits the advantages of locally linear embedding (LLE), but makes full use of class information to improve discriminant power by introducing translation and rescaling models. The experimental results on real plant leaf database show that the MLLDE is effective for plant leaf recognition.     

嫁接对薄皮甜瓜养分吸收和果实品质的影响

试验选用玉美人、永甜六号薄皮甜瓜作接穗,世纪星白籽南瓜作砧木,以自根苗为对照,研究嫁接对薄皮甜瓜植株伤流量及伤流液和器官中营养元素含量的影响,并初步比较了嫁接和自根成熟甜瓜果实品质的差别。结果表明:嫁接植株伤流量和干物质积累均大于自根植株。嫁接植株吸收N、K和Mg的能力高于自根植株,但吸收P和Ca的能力降低。说明嫁接改变了薄皮甜瓜的养分吸收特性。嫁接甜瓜成熟果实中总糖、蛋白质和Vc的含量较自根果实中含量下降,而有机酸含量上升,果实品质下降。     

嫁接对薄皮甜瓜光合特性、产量与含糖量的影响

试验选用玉美人薄皮甜瓜(Cucum is m eloL.)作接穗,以圣砧1号白籽南瓜为砧木进行嫁接,以自根苗为对照,主要研究嫁接对薄皮甜瓜光合特性、产量及含糖量的影响。结果表明:嫁接明显地增加了薄皮甜瓜的总叶面积,嫁接植株茎蔓生长明显快于自根植株。各个时期嫁接植株各个器官干物重均高于自根植株。但嫁接对薄皮甜瓜叶片中叶绿素的含量影响不大,并且对植株生长发育各时期的功能叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO2浓度影响不明显。因此,嫁接主要是通过扩大植株的总叶面积来提高植株的光合速率的。另外,嫁接的增产效果显著,其平均单瓜重和单位面积产量均高于对照。嫁接薄皮甜瓜果实的内壁糖度和中心糖度均低于对照。     

Water content estimation in vegetation with MODIS reflectance data and model inversion methods

Statistical and radiative-transfer physically based studies have previously demonstrated the relationship between leaf water content and leaf-level reflectance in the near-infrared spectral region. The successful scaling up of such methods to the canopy level requires modeling the effect of canopy structure and viewing geometry on reflectance bands and optical indices used for estimation of water content, such as normalized difference water index (NDWI), simple ratio water index (SRWI) and plant water index (PWI). This study conducts a radiative transfer simulation, linking leaf and canopy models, to study the effects of leaf structure, dry matter content, leaf area index (LAI), and the viewing geometry, on the estimation of leaf equivalent water thickness from canopy-level reflectance. The applicability of radiative transfer model inversion methods to MODIS is studied, investigating its spectral capability for water content estimation. A modeling study is conducted, simulating leaf and canopy MODIS-equivalent synthetic spectra with random input variables to test different inversion assumptions. A field sampling campaign to assess the investigated simulation methods was undertaken for analysis of leaf water content from leaf samples in 10 study sites of chaparral vegetation in California, USA, between March and September 2000. MODIS reflectance data were processed from the same period for equivalent water thickness estimation by model inversion linking the PROSPECT leaf model and SAILH canopy reflectance model. MODIS reflectance data, viewing geometry values, and LAI were used as inputs in the model inversion for estimation of leaf equivalent water thickness, dry matter, and leaf structure. Results showed good correlation between the time series of MODIS-estimated equivalent water thickness and ground measured leaf fuel moisture (LFM) content (r²=0.7), demonstrating that these inversion methods could potentially be used for global monitoring of leaf water content in vegetation.