酸橙内生菌Bacillus thuringiensis Bt028几丁质酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质

为揭示酸橙内生菌Bacillus thuringiensis Bt028几丁质酶的基本酶学性质,采用离心、硫酸铵盐析、葡聚糖凝胶G-100层析及SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳等方法对菌株Bt028发酵液中的几丁质酶进行分离纯化鉴定,并考察该几丁质酶的最适温度、最适pH、催化动力学参数等性质。结果表明,Bt028菌株发酵液经离心、硫酸铵盐析、葡聚糖凝胶G-100层析分离纯化后获得电泳纯几丁质酶比活力为681.78 U/mg,纯化倍数为3.21,回收率15.52%。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明,几丁质酶的分子质量为65 kDa。酶学性质研究结果表明,该酶的最适反应温度为60 ℃,最适反应pH为6.5,在温度低于60 ℃、pH5.5~7.5时有较好的稳定性;Mg2+、Ca2+、Hg2+、Co2+对该酶活力有抑制作用,而Cu2+和Fe3+有一定的促进作用;低浓度的甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇和二甲亚砜使酶的活性增加,但当浓度继续增大,反而会抑制酶的活性;丙酮对几丁质酶有激活作用,而甲醛对几丁质酶有抑制作用。在最适催化条件下,几丁质酶催化反应的米氏常数Km、最大反应速率Vmax、酶的转换数Kcat分别为29.533 mg/mL、108.696 μmoL/(L·min)和0.527/min。研究结果可为该酶的实际应用提供必要的工艺参数。     

香葱中蒜氨酸酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质

对香葱中蒜氨酸酶进行分离纯化并研究其酶学性质。通过均浆、离心、硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析、DEAE-52离子交换层析和Sephadex G200凝胶过滤层析技术分离纯化得到纯度较高的蒜氨酸酶,并利用SDS-PAGE电泳对其纯度进行鉴定。结果表明,经分离纯化可得纯化倍数为19.6倍的蒜氨酸酶,酶比活力为11.44U/mg,酶活回收率为32.1%,达到电泳纯,其亚基的分子质量约为54.5ku。纯酶的最适反应温度为45℃,最适pH7.0,以S-甲基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜为底物,蒜氨酸酶的Km为45.31mmol/L,Vmax为40.32μmol/(mg·min)。     

黏质沙雷氏菌胞外几丁质酶的纯化及特性

黏质沙雷氏菌几丁质酶发酵上清液经硫酸铵沉淀、透析、DEAE-琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换层析和苯基-琼脂糖凝胶疏水层析,得到电泳纯的几丁质酶和几丁质结合蛋白CBP21。该几丁质酶和CBP21分子质量分别约为58 ku和21 ku,CBP21对该几丁质酶水解几丁质增效明显。几丁质酶反应最适温度为50℃,最适pH约为6.5～7.0。该酶在55℃以下、pH 4.5～8.0范围内稳定。酶的Km值为0.22 mg/mL,Vm为1.26μmol/(min.mg)。金属离子K+、Sn2+、Mn2+对酶有一定激活作用,而Pb2+、Hg2+和Cu2+则强烈抑制其活性。该几丁质酶的糖基含量约为3.3%。EDTA和2-ME可分别提高酶活力65%和105%。H2O2强烈抑制酶活力,提示其活性中心可能存在硫氢基。     

酸性纤维素酶酶活力的测定

用DNS法测定酸性纤维素酶活力。分析了酶促反应时间、pH、酶液稀释度、温度对酶活力测定结果的影响。研究表明，该纤维素酶酶促反应的最适条件为：酶促反应时间为30min，最适、pH为5．0，酶液稀释至130倍，最适温度50℃。最适条件下的酶活力为1685IU／g。     

重组葡萄糖脱氢酶酶学性质研究

葡萄糖脱氢酶可用于高纯度低聚果糖和葡萄糖酸钙的生产，一种重组葡萄糖脱氢酶表达、纯化后，对该酶酶学性质进行了研究。最适反应pH值8．4，最适反应温度37℃，在温度低于45℃条件下，酶活力稳定性好。在最适温度和pH条件下，以葡萄糖为底物时葡萄糖脱氢酶的米氏常数Km=20．09mmol／L，以烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADP）为底物时的米氏常数Km=0．10mmol／L。     

绿僵菌Ma83固态发酵几丁质酶和部分酶学性质的初步研究

研究了金龟子绿僵菌MetarhiziumanisopliaeMa83菌株产几丁质酶的固态发酵条件和粗酶液的酶学性质。研究结果显示 ,当以麸皮∶蚕蛹粉为 3∶1作为培养基 ,最适氮源为1%NaNO3,起始pH为 6 5 ,发酵温度为 31℃ ,接种量为 2mL液态种子时酶活力最高。此外 ,添加稻壳对Ma83产几丁质酶有促进作用。该菌株在生长 2d时 ,酶活力达 33 9U /g干培养基。酶的最适反应温度为 5 0℃ ,最适反应 pH为 6 0 ;不同温度保温 1h后 ,酶的半失活温度为 42℃。不同 pH值的缓冲溶液中 (2 5℃ )放置 1h后 ,酶在pH 5 0～ 6 0条件下稳定性最高     

欧文氏菌乳糖酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质研究

对欧文氏菌Erwinia sp.E5株所产β-半乳糖苷酶进行分离纯化,所得纯酶的比酶活为554.92U/mg.蛋白质。对纯化得到的酶进行酶学性质研究,其最适反应温度为40℃,在20℃保持40%以上的酶活力;该酶最适反应pH为7.0,在pH 6.5体系中保持95%的酶活力;Mg2+和Na+对该酶具有激活作用,而Ca2+为弱抑制剂。乳糖水解试验显示该酶在乳糖含量小于10%的反应体系中具有较高反应速率。     

青霉菌柚苷酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

对来源于Penicillium sp.1523的柚苷酶分离纯化工艺进行了系统分析,依次采用超滤、硫酸铵盐析和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤层析操作对柚苷酶进行逐级纯化,通过SDS-PAGE电泳对各步骤的纯化结果进行分析鉴定,并考察了温度、pH及不同金属离子对酶活性的影响。结果显示纯化后的柚苷酶比活力达到4478.76U/mg,纯化倍数为11.99倍,活力回收率为38.10%。纯化后的柚苷酶经SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳鉴定显示两条清晰的条带,说明该酶由两个亚基组成,其分子量分别为89ku和72ku;同时酶学性质研究发现最适温度为50℃,热稳定性不理想,最适pH为4.0,Ca2+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Zn2+、EDTA、Cu2+对该酶酶活有促进作用,而Fe2+、SDS在低浓度时便对柚苷酶酶活表现出抑制作用。本研究为青霉菌柚苷酶的大规模生物转化及分子改性提供了实验基础。     

大肠杆菌表达几丁质酶对不同底物的酶学性质及其降解产物分析

采用重组大肠杆菌大量表达几丁质酶LICHI18A,经Ni-NTA柱纯化后,对不同底物的酶学性质进行了研究,以Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法测定米氏常数,采用薄层色谱(TLC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)对降解产物进行分析。结果表明,该几丁质酶分子量为54 k Da,对水溶性壳聚糖的Km和Vmax分别为4.04 mg/m L和222.2μmol/(min·mg);对水溶性壳聚糖的反应最适温度和p H分别为60℃和7.0;对胶体几丁质的Km和Vmax分别为2.913 mg/m L和2.836μmol/(min·mg),反应最适温度和p H分别为40℃和5.0。Ni2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+对胶体几丁质的降解有明显的促进作用,但对水溶性壳聚糖的降解没有促进作用,且Ni2+和Zn2+有一定的抑制作用。Tween-80对降解胶体几丁质起一定的促进作用,而不同浓度的SDS有抑制酶活作用,且浓度越高抑制作用越强。TLC和HPLC分析结果表明,该酶降解胶体几丁质的产物主要为几丁二糖和单糖,而水溶性壳聚糖的降解产物较为复杂,主要有单糖、几丁二糖和甲壳寡糖。     

泡盛曲霉β-1，3-1，4-葡聚糖酶的纯化、性质及其用于制备β-葡寡糖

作者研究了泡盛曲霉(Aspergillus awamori)一种β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶(AaBglu29)的纯化、性质及其水解燕麦麸皮制备葡寡糖。粗酶液采用硫酸铵沉淀、QSFF强阴离子柱和DEAE-52弱阴离子柱层析3步纯化,得到电泳级纯酶,经SDS-PAGE和Sephacryl-100测定的相对分子质量分别为30.7×10~3和27.6×10~3。该酶最适pH为5.0,最适温度为55℃。AaBglu29底物特异性专一,对大麦葡聚糖、燕麦葡聚糖和地衣多糖的比酶活力分别为9 500、7 950 U/mg和5 980 U/mg。该酶水解燕麦麸皮产生葡三糖和葡四糖,经优化,当底物质量分数为5%,加酶量为100 U/g时,于50℃、pH 5.0条件下水解4 h,葡寡糖转化率可达90%。AaBglu29优良的酶学特性使其在食品和饲料工业具有较大的应用潜力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press