毛酸浆果醋饮料的研制

以毛酸浆为主要原料,经酒精发酵、醋酸发酵制成毛酸浆原醋,再调配成毛酸浆果醋饮料。以毛酸浆原醋用量、毛酸浆汁用量、蜂蜜用量、60%的蔗糖糖浆用量为单因素,研究毛酸浆果醋饮料的配方和加工工艺。采用正交试验得出每100 m L毛酸浆果醋饮料的最佳配方为毛酸浆原醋8 m L,毛酸浆果汁20 m L,蜂蜜4 g,60%的蔗糖糖浆10g。生产的毛酸浆果醋饮料澄清透明,酸甜爽口,毛酸浆果香、醋香和蜂蜜香气浓郁。     

沙棘果汁饮料的研制及其抗氧化活性研究

为研制沙棘果汁饮料并了解其抗氧化活性,以沙棘为主要原料,蜂蜜、蔗糖、柠檬酸等为辅料,以感官评分为指标,在单因素实验结果的基础上,通过正交试验得到的沙棘果汁饮料最佳配方为:沙棘果汁的用量15%,蜂蜜用量4g/100mL,60%蔗糖糖浆用量8g/100mL,柠檬酸用量0.15g/100mL;体外抗氧化活性实验表明:该饮料对DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力和对ABTS自由基清除能力分别为25.86%、19.33%和0.43mmol/L。该产品具有较好的沙棘特征香气和风味,酸甜适口,组织状态均匀,色泽橙黄亮丽,并具有一定的抗氧化活性。本研究为沙棘饮料的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

正交试验优化油桃果醋饮料加工工艺

以新鲜油桃制成的果酒为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对其醋酸发酵工艺及果醋饮料调配工艺进行研究,得到了油桃果醋饮料加工的最佳工艺参数。结果显示:在本实验条件下,油桃果醋醋酸发酵的最优工艺条件为100.0g果酒中醋酸菌添加量13.0mL、初始pH4.0、初始糖度4.0%,醋酸产量为4.87g/100mL;果醋饮料的最佳工艺配方为果醋用量30.0%、新鲜果汁用量15.0%、蔗糖用量6.0%、柠檬酸用量0.1%,所获得的产品感官评分为96分。     

柿子醋保健饮料的加工工艺研究

以柿子为主要原料,经酒精发酵、醋酸发酵制成柿子果醋,再调配成柿子醋饮料。以柿子醋用量、白砂糖用量、蜂蜜用量为试验因素,以柿子醋饮料的感官评分为考察指标,经正交试验得出柿子醋饮料的最佳配方为：柿子醋用量9%、白砂糖用量6%、蜂蜜用量2.5%。     

液态法沙棘醋生产及其醋酸饮料的研制

以青海产中国沙棘（subsp．Sinensis Rousi）为原料,探讨了液态法沙棘果醋的生产及其醋酸饮料的研制方法,结果表明：采用液态法生产的沙棘果醋具有成熟沙棘的果香,酸味柔和纯正,适宜调配醋酸饮料,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定沙棘醋酸饮料优化配方为：100ml沙棘醋酸饮料中沙棘果醋含量为20ml、白砂糖10g、单宁0.04g、蜂蜜0.15g。     

苹果醋及果醋饮料的研制

以苹果为原料,探讨了摇瓶发酵法制备果醋的生产工艺,并以发酵所得的苹果醋为原料,添加甜味剂、柠檬酸、乳酸钙等辅料调配酸甜可口、营养丰富的果醋饮料.实验结果表明,研制的苹果醋具有苹果果香、风味独特、酸味适度;生产的果醋饮料清朗、爽口,其配方为水100mL,果醋5mL,蔗糖9g,柠檬酸0.15g,乳酸钙0.15g.     

脐橙果醋及果醋饮料生产工艺研究

以脐橙为原料,探索液态发酵法研制脐橙果醋的生产工艺条件和脐橙果醋饮料的最佳配方。实验结果表明,酒精发酵的最佳工艺条件为:活性干酵母接种量0.12%、初始糖度23%、发酵时间6d、发酵温度30℃,在此条件下,可以得到酒精含量为10.8%(v/v)的脐橙果酒;醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件为:酒精度8%、醋酸菌接种量10%、发酵温度32℃、摇床转速150r/min,经7d发酵后,最终产酸量为4.20g/100mL;果醋饮料的优化配方为:脐橙原果醋40%,高果糖浆4%,复合酸(1∶2柠檬酸+苹果酸)1.0%,脐橙果汁30%,制得的果醋饮料具有脐橙特有香气。     

火龙果果醋及其醋饮料的工艺研究

以火龙果为原料,探讨了酒精和醋酸发酵的工艺条件,通过试验确定了酒精发酵的工艺条件为酵母菌接种量8％,糖度15％,27℃恒温发酵5d,发酵液的酒精度为7．9％。醋酸发酵的工艺条件为醋酸菌接种量10％,糖度5％,酒精度6％,30℃恒温振荡发酵6d,火龙果原醋的总酸为37g／L。火龙果果醋饮料的最佳配方为火龙果原醋15mL／100mL,蜂蜜7g/100mL,白砂糖2g／100mL。     

拐枣醋饮加工工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

以新鲜拐枣为主要原料,采用液态深层发酵法酿造拐枣醋,调配为新型拐枣果醋饮料。通过正交实验,确定最佳配方为:拐枣醋14mL/100mL、拐枣汁8mL/100mL、蜂蜜2mL/100mL、蔗糖7g/100mL。所配制的醋饮色泽金黄、澄清透明、酸甜爽口。对其总酚、总黄酮含量和抗氧化活性(总抗氧化能力、总还原能力、清除DPPH自由基能力、清除ABTS+自由基能力)进行分析测定。研究发现,拐枣醋饮的总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化能力均比市售常见醋饮高,具有较强的市场竞争力。     

葡萄果醋饮料的配方工艺研究

以葡萄皮为主要原料,经酒精发酵和醋酸发酵而制得葡萄醋,再经葡萄汁调配而得到葡萄果醋饮料。结果表明以葡萄皮为发酵原料,在含糖量为18%时,酵母接种量为10%,发酵温度22℃～25℃,经酒精发酵14 d,酒精体积分数达到8%～9%,此时醋酸菌接种量10%,间歇振荡进入醋酸发酵,发酵温度18℃～20℃,发酵14 d,其总酸可达3.53%。通过正交试验获得最佳的葡萄果醋饮料配方为每100克葡萄醋向其中加入葡萄果汁200 g并添加总重8%的白砂糖,制得的葡萄醋饮料稳定性好、色泽佳、口感均优良。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the