黑蒜对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便功能

目的：研究黑蒜对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便功能的影响。方法：将昆明小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性组和低、中、高3个剂量的给药组。灌胃7 d后,通过对小鼠小肠推进功能和排便功能的研究,得到黑蒜对便秘模型小鼠的小肠推进率、首次排便时间、6 h内排便粒数、粪便总质量及粪便性状的影响。结果：研究发现3个剂量组与模型组和阳性组比较,各指标都有显著性差异,表明黑蒜能明显提高便秘模型小鼠的小肠内容物推进率,缩短首次排黑便时间,增加6 h内排黑便粒数、质量及提高粪便含水量。结论：黑蒜对便秘模型小鼠具有良好的润肠通便作用。     

一种中草药组方保健食品润肠通便功能的研究

目的:研究一种中草药组方保健食品对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用。方法:采用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,通过小鼠小肠推进实验和排便实验,检测该中草药组方对小鼠小肠墨汁推进率、排首粒黑便时间、6 h内排黑便粒数及排便质量的影响。结果:与便秘模型组相比,该中草药组方保健食品能促进小肠运动,明显减少排便时间,增加6 h内粪便粒数和粪便质量。结论:该中草药组方保健食品具有良好的润肠通便作用。     

一种中草药组方保健食品润肠通便功能的研究

随着社会经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,原有的饮食习惯逐步发生改变,便秘这一影响现代人生活质量的常见疾病越来越受到重视,因此寻找安全有效的润肠通便产品显得十分重要。本文研究一种中草药组方保健食品的润肠通便功能。采用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,通过小鼠小肠推进实验和排便实验,检测小鼠的首次排便时间、5h内排便粒数、排便重量、小肠墨汁推进率,以及对小鼠结肠P物质(SP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)和小鼠突触素(SY)的影响。研究发现:与便秘模型组相比,中草药组分保健食品各剂量组都能缩短复方地芬诺酯小鼠的排便时间,增加5小时小鼠排出的粪便粒数和重量,提高复方地芬诺酯小鼠的墨汁推进率,促进小鼠的肠胃蠕动,提高小鼠的SP值,降低VIP值。结果表明,研究的中草药组方保健食品具有较好的润肠通便作用。     

复方海带代餐粉润肠通便作用研究

目的 对富含膳食纤维和不饱和脂肪酸的复方海带代餐粉进行润肠通便作用研究。方法 采用盐酸洛哌丁胺构建便秘小鼠模型,将100只昆明种雄性小鼠随机分为两大组,分别进行小肠运动实验和排便实验,每组再分别随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组和复方海带粉高、中、低剂量组：6.58 g/kg、3.29 g/kg、1.65 g/kg（分别相当于人体推荐量的10倍、5倍、2.5倍）,干预14 d后,通过检测小鼠小肠墨汁推进率、首粒排黑便时间、6 h内排便粒数和重量,并计算粪便含水量,分析其对小鼠润肠通便功能的影响。结果 在便秘模型构建成功的基础上,中、高剂量的复方海带粉能极显著提高便秘小鼠的小肠墨汁推进率,缩短首粒排黑便时间、增加6 h内排便粒数和质量,提高粪便含水量（P < 0.01）,以高剂量效果最佳。结论 该复方海带代餐粉能促进便秘小鼠的小肠运动,改善便秘,具有良好的润肠通便作用。     

富含抗性糊精的鲜枣汁对便秘模型小鼠通便作用的研究

研究鲜枣汁与抗性糊精复合配方对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用。将雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为5组,空白对照组、模型对照组、鲜枣汁组、抗性糊精组、鲜枣汁与抗性糊精复配组。采用地芬诺酯灌胃建立小鼠便秘模型,观察受试样品对小鼠小肠推进和排便的影响。结果表明,与模型对照组相比,鲜枣汁组能显著增加6 h内排便粒数(p0.05),但首粒排黑便时间,排黑便质量及小肠墨汁推进率较模型对照组无统计学差异;抗性糊精组、鲜枣汁与抗性糊精复配组相比于模型对照组,均显著缩短首次排黑便时间(p0.01)、增加6 h内排便粒数(p0.01)以及小肠墨汁推进率(p0.01);抗性糊精组粪便质量显著高于模型对照组(p0.05),鲜枣汁与抗性糊精复配组粪便质量极显著高于模型对照组(p0.01)。该研究中的鲜枣汁无润肠通便功效,抗性糊精与鲜枣汁复合配方具有明显的增强肠道蠕动,促进排便的功效,且抗性糊精与鲜枣汁复合配方的润肠通便效果较抗性糊精单独作用更加显著。     

芦笋低聚糖润肠通便功能的研究

探讨芦笋低聚糖润肠通便作用的效果及剂量。实验采用动物实验,将小白鼠(雄性,体重20±2 g)随机分为两个实验组,每组60只,实验一组进行小肠推进实验,实验二组进行排便试验,时间均为15 d。每个实验组分别设有低、中、高剂量组,空白对照和模型对照组,统计分析采用SPSS软件。结果表明,芦笋低聚糖3个剂量组小肠推进率与模型对照组比较差异均有显著变化(P0.05);中、高剂量组小鼠的粪便粒数均高于便秘模型对照组,差异具有显著性(P0.05);芦笋低聚糖能增强小鼠小肠蠕动作用,缩短便秘小鼠的首次排便时间,增加小鼠的粪便粒数与重量,即具有润肠通便作用。     

大蒜多糖提取物组成成分分析及通便功效研究

分析了大蒜多糖提取物的主要组成成分,并研究了其通便作用。测定了大蒜多糖提取物中水分、灰分、蛋白、总糖及还原糖的含量;采用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,观察大蒜多糖提取物和蒜粉对便秘模型小鼠的小肠推进率、首粒黑便时间、6h内排便粒数及重量的影响。结果表明,大蒜多糖提取物的水分含量为6.83%±0.03%,灰分2.60%±0.04%,蛋白0.47%±0.002%,总糖82.32%±0.90%,还原糖0.35%±0.01%;大蒜多糖剂量组均可显著促进便秘模型小鼠小肠推进作用,明显缩短其首粒黑便时间,大蒜多糖的低剂量组还能增加其6h粪便粒数和质量。结论:大蒜多糖提取物对便秘模型小鼠具有润肠通便作用。     

圆苞车前子壳复配粉剂的通便功能研究

目的 研究通便粉剂的通便功能。方法 按照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003版)中通便作用检验方法,对通便粉剂的通便功能进行研究。动物实验：经口分别以408、815和1630 mg/kg.BW剂量的受试物对小鼠灌胃,7d后测定其小肠墨汁推进率、排首粒黑便时间、6 h内排粪便粒数和粪便重量。结果 与空白对照组相比,便秘模型对照组、各剂量组小鼠体重均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与便秘模型组比较,各剂量组小鼠小肠墨汁推进率显著增加(P<0.05),首次排黑便时间明显缩短(P<0.01),6 h内排黑便粒数和重量显著增加(P<0.01)。结论 通便粉剂具有通便作用。     

车前子多糖对便秘模型小鼠通便作用的研究

目的:研究车前子多糖对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用。方法:将雄性昆明小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组和三个剂量的给药组。给药组分别经口给予低、中、高剂量(0.1、0.2、0.4g/kgbw)的车前子多糖;空白组和模型组给予20ml/kgbw的蒸馏水;阳性对照组给予1.0g/kgbw的麻仁丸。连续灌胃8d后,观察各组小鼠的首次排黑便时间、5h内排便粒数,测定粪便含水量和小肠墨汁推进率。结果:车前子多糖能显著缩短首次排黑便时间、增加5h内排便粒数、提高粪便含水量和小肠墨汁推进率。结论:车前子多糖具有润肠通便的作用。     

青刺尖茶汤对便秘模型小鼠润肠通便的效果

目的：研究青刺尖茶汤对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用。方法：将雄性昆明小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性组和低、中、高3 个剂量的给药组。给药组分别经口给予低、中、高剂量（1、2、6 g/（kg·d））的青刺尖茶汤;空白组和模型组给予0.3 mL/20 g的蒸馏水;阳性组给予0.9 g/（kg·d）的麻仁丸。连续灌胃7 d后,观察各组小鼠的首次排黑便时间、5 h内排便粒数,测定粪便含水量和小肠墨汁推进率。结果：3 个剂量组与模型组和阳性组比较,各测定指标都有显著性差异;青刺尖茶汤能明显缩短小鼠首次排黑便时间,增加小鼠5 h内排便数量、粪便含水量和小肠推进率。结论：青刺尖茶汤有明显的润肠通便功效。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the