废白土脱除碱炼脱酸大豆油中残皂工艺条件的研究

以废白土为吸附剂,对碱炼脱酸大豆油中残皂的脱除进行了研究。在单因素实验的基础上进行响应面优化实验设计,确定了脱皂的最佳工艺条件为:吸附温度82℃,废白土添加量0.5%,吸附时间20 min。在最佳条件下,脱皂大豆油中的残皂量为29.09 mg/kg,脱皂率达91.81%,且短时期(3 d)内存放的废白土脱皂率大于85%。     

大豆油无水脱皂技术的研究

对大豆油无水脱皂技术进行了研究,考察了吸附剂、过滤温度、滤饼厚度、脱胶脱酸油中含皂量、含磷量对无水脱皂后清油中残皂量和残磷量的影响。结果表明,采用硅藻土对脱胶脱酸油吸附脱皂效果比废白土稍好,但成本较高;脱胶脱酸油中含皂量在260 mg/kg以下、含磷量在14 mg/kg以下时,采用废白土无水脱皂效果较好;65℃过滤脱皂脱磷效果较好;滤饼厚度增加有利于脱皂脱磷,但滤饼过厚会导致过滤机压力快速增加不利于实际生产。     

响应面试验优化玉米油冷冻吸附法脱皂工艺

对玉米油冷冻吸附法脱皂工艺进行研究,考察脱胶脱酸玉米油含皂量、含水量、硅藻土添加量、搅拌速率和养晶时间对冷冻吸附法脱皂后清油中残皂量的影响。通过单因素试验和响应面优化确定冷冻吸附脱皂的最佳工艺条件为：含皂量321 mg/kg、含水量0.4%、硅藻土添加量0.4%、搅拌速率12 r/min、养晶时间27 h。在此条件下,清油中的残皂量为23.1 mg/kg,脱皂率为92.8%。对冷冻吸附法脱皂工艺和常规水洗工艺的清油品质进行对比,结果表明,这两种方法脱皂的效果相当,但冷冻吸附脱皂不经过水洗过程,无废水排放,符合节能环保的工艺要求,并且利用冷冻吸附法脱皂能够完成前脱蜡的目的,简化了加工工艺。     

专用硅胶在油脂精炼生产中的应用研究

利用专用硅胶对油脂进行吸附脱胶、吸附脱皂、吸附脱色及脱除氯离子,通过对工艺条件和脱除效果的研究,评价其在油脂精炼生产中应用的可行性。结果表明:利用SORBSILR92硅胶对浓香花生油进行吸附脱胶,在硅胶添加量0. 5%、吸附温度80℃、吸附时间15 min条件下,磷脂脱除率为96. 2%,且脱胶油色泽清亮、风味保留好;利用SORBSILR92硅胶对碱炼脱酸后的大豆油进行脱皂处理,可使大豆油含皂量从130. 7 mg/kg降至未检出,与水洗脱皂相比,不仅能明显降低含皂量,还实现了脱皂过程的废水零排放,减少了脱皂过程的油脂损耗;利用SORBSILR40F在优化条件下对大豆油脱色(先向待脱色油中添加0. 08%的SORBSILR40F硅胶,吸附反应后再添加1. 57%的活性白土)后,其含磷量明显低于单纯活性白土脱色油,并且脱臭油的色泽、氧化稳定性也优于单纯活性白土脱色脱臭油;利用SORBISILR40F硅胶和SORBSILR92硅胶在100℃、20 min条件下对大豆油进行吸附处理,大豆油中氯离子含量分别降低28. 47%和18. 98%,这对防范和降低油脂脱臭过程3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的形成是有利的。综上,专用硅胶SORBSILR92和SORBSILR40F在油脂精炼工艺技术的改进发展方面具有很好的应用前景。     

大孔树脂对长坝柚汁脱苦工艺的研究

利用国产优质大孔树脂对长坝沙田柚汁进行脱苦工艺的研究。选择树脂添加量、树脂保留时间、吸附温度以及pH等因素研究非极性D101树脂对长坝沙田柚汁脱苦的最佳工艺。在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面优化树脂对长坝沙田柚汁脱苦的工艺。结果表明,D101树脂脱苦最佳工艺条件为树脂添加量6．04％,树脂保留时间15min,吸附温度44．4℃,摇床转速200r／min,柚汁pH5．0,在此条件下,实际测出的脱苦率96．31％,与模型预测值96．80％基本一致,且柚汁的柚皮苷与柠檬苦素含量均显著下降,接近阈值。柚汁感官评价分值较高,达4．6分,无明显感官苦味。     

硅胶L935在植物油脱色中应用的研究

利用硅胶与白土联合使用对油脂进行脱色试验,通过油脂脱色过程中各影响因素进行探讨,结果表明最佳工艺条件为：硅胶添加量0．15％～0．2％、反应温度90℃、反应时间25min、白土添加量0．8％;利用烘箱法对脱色油的储藏稳定性进行评价,结果表明：经硅胶一白土联合处理的脱色油不易返色,具有良好的储藏稳定性。     

响应面试验优化玉米油二次脱皂新工艺

利用玉米油含蜡特性,即在低温脱蜡过程中,皂粒以晶核状态吸附蜡质结晶脱蜡,同时完成了一次脱皂。在脱色过程中,加入活性白土脱色,同时残余的微量皂被活性白土进一步吸附,达到了二次脱皂的效果。考察了碱炼油中含皂量、碱炼油中含水量、养晶时间和活性白土添加量对二次脱皂后脱色油中残皂量的影响。通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验确定玉米油精炼脱皂的最优工艺条件为:碱炼油中含皂量300 mg/kg,碱炼油中含水量0.4%,养晶时间24 h,活性白土添加量0.5%。在最优工艺条件下进行脱皂,得到脱色油中残皂量为0.19 mg/kg,脱皂率为99.9%。新工艺脱皂效果更好,而且不经过水洗过程,无废水排放,符合节能环保的工艺要求,而且简化了加工工艺。     

生物酶催化废白土油制备生物柴油的工艺研究

研究生物酶催化废白土油与甲醇酯交换制备生物柴油的最佳工艺条件。通过对比相当用量的Lipozyme TL IM和Novozyme 435的催化效果,筛选出Lipozyme TL IM为适宜的酶;在此基础上,以醇油摩尔比、生物酶添加量、反应温度、反应时间为自变量,生物柴油得率为响应值,进行酯交换制备生物柴油的响应面优化实验。结果表明,酯交换反应最佳条件为：醇油摩尔比4∶1,Lipozyme TL IM添加量10%(以废白土油质量计),反应温度35℃,反应时间15 h;在此条件下,生物柴油得率为95.9%,所得生物柴油非常接近0#柴油的质量标准。     

废白土再生及其对大豆油脱色的影响

以再生白土对大豆油预脱色的脱色率为指标,对废白土再生的工艺进行研究。采用单因素试验优化了废白土再生工艺参数为液固比3.0∶1.0(硫酸与废白土质量比)、酸化温度60℃、焙烧温度400℃、硫酸体积分数7%、酸化时间60 min,优化后的再生白土颗粒饱满,呈灰白色,吸附性好。将再生白土应用于大豆油预脱色中,在再生白土添加量0.7%、脱色温度90℃、脱色时间20 min条件下,热敏物质不易分解,其脱除率达97%。与正常工艺制备的大豆油相比,新白土添加量较少,且此条件下的成品油不易返色。     

脱磷剂在菜籽油脱胶中的应用

分析讨论了脱磷剂用量、吸附温度、吸附时间等因素对脱磷剂吸附脱胶效果的影响。利用正交实验得到的最优吸附脱胶条件为：脱磷剂添加量1．0％（w／w）,吸附温度30℃,吸附时间20min。在最优条件下,脱磷剂的最大饱和吸附容量可达166．7mg／g,废脱磷剂含油率为5．3％（w／w）,吸附脱胶油得率为99．9％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press