添加剂对多孔陶瓷载体氧化铝涂层的影响

在以SB粉为原料,HNO3为解胶剂制得的稳定AlOOH溶胶中加入添加剂(PEG、PVA),对多孔陶瓷载体进行了表面涂层.考察了添加剂对AlOOH溶胶粘度的影响;BET法测定了AlOOH溶胶中加入添加剂后多孔陶瓷载体氧化铝涂层比表面积的变化;由SEM照片观察多孔陶瓷载体涂层前后表面和断面的形貌;超声波振荡检测了氧化铝涂层的附着牢固度.结果表明,在AlOOH溶胶中加入一定量的添加剂可以使溶胶的粘度增加,提高溶胶在载体表面的附着力;制备的多孔陶瓷载体氧化铝涂层均匀、牢固且比表面积增大.但加入过量的添加剂,会导致AlOOH溶胶胶凝化.     

蜂窝陶瓷负载Pd基整体式催化剂制备及催化燃烧性能

以拟薄水铝石和活性氧化铝粉为原料,通过添加胶溶剂、表面活性剂等助剂制备氧化铝涂层浆液,分别对堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体和预先涂覆氧化硅的蜂窝陶瓷载体涂覆氧化铝涂层,负载活性组分制备Pd基整体式催化剂。考察载体涂层、表面活性剂种类、反应空速对催化剂催化乙烷燃烧活性的影响。结果表明,适宜的表面活性剂及双涂层结构的载体有助于提高催化剂活性。经310 h寿命实验,乙烷脱除率可达99.9%以上,表明制备的Pd基整体式催化剂具有良好的乙烷催化燃烧活性和稳定性。     

电泳沉积氧化铝陶瓷涂层的制备及耐腐蚀性能

以氧化铝溶胶为前驱体,采用电泳沉积和低温煅烧法在低碳钢基体上制备了氧化铝陶瓷涂层,并对其成分、表面形貌及耐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明,将低碳钢片置于以乙醇作为分散介质的0.45mol/L氧化铝溶胶中,在60V恒电位下沉积180s后,再于马弗炉中700°C下煅烧5min,所制得的氧化铝陶瓷涂层在2mol/L盐酸溶液中具有良好的耐蚀性。     

涂覆液种类对FeCrAl金属载体上氧化铝涂层性质的影响

利用浸渍提拉法（dip-coating）,分别采用铝溶胶与氧化铝浆液在FeCrAl金属载体上制备了两种γ-Al₂O₃活性涂层,考察了涂覆液种类对涂层性质的影响。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、氮气物理吸附和超声波振动方法考察了两种涂层的表观形貌、晶型结构、织构性质及涂层与金属载体之间的结合力。研究结果表明,当涂层负载量小于3%（质量分数,下同）时,溶胶涂层可以避免开裂,而浆液涂层无法避免开裂发生;当负载量大于8%时,溶胶涂层在干燥后会开裂翘起甚至直接脱落,而浆液涂层虽然开裂加剧但是不会直接脱落。对于涂层厚度需求较低的体系（涂层负载量小于8%）,溶胶涂层的比表面积和孔容比浆液涂层更大,更适合作为催化剂活性载体;而对于涂层厚度需求较高的体系（涂层负载量大于8%）,则应选择浆液涂层。     

添加剂聚乙二醇对堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体γ-Al_2O_3涂层性能的影响

以拟薄水铝石为原料,硝酸为胶溶剂,添加聚乙二醇(PEG)制备铝溶胶,并对堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体进行γ-Al2O3涂层。考察了不同分子量(400,6000和20000)聚乙二醇的添加对溶胶黏度,粒径分布以及涂覆涂层负载量和重现性的影响;利用BET法测定了溶胶中添加不同分子量的聚乙二醇后,涂层比表面积的变化;超声波振荡检测了堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体涂层的结合牢固性;由SEM照片观察涂层的表面形貌。结果表明,聚乙二醇的添加,增大了溶胶的黏度,提高了载体涂层的负载量、比表面积和结合牢固度。添加剂聚乙二醇分子量的不同对溶胶和载体涂层性能的影响也不同,聚乙二醇20000的添加使溶胶黏度和涂层负载量的增加程度更明显,而添加聚乙二醇400制备溶胶的粒径小,分布范围窄,涂覆涂层均匀、牢固且比表面积大。     

用溶胶—凝胶法制备Al2O3涂层工程陶瓷的表面改性研究

分析了溶胶－凝胶法制备Al2O3溶胶的适宜工艺条件。在氧化铝基陶瓷基体上成功地制备了Al2O3涂层;利用X射线衍射分析和差热分析（DTA）方法对Al2O3凝胶粉末的相变过程进行了研究,通过分析精磨,热处理,Al2O3一次和二次溶胶涂层4种试样的抗弯强度测量值对材料总体性能进行了估计,结果表明：Al2O3涂层工程陶瓷可以提高基体的抗弯强度而降低其分散性,效果好于单纯的热处理,通过观察4种试样的表面SEM形貌和两种涂层试样的断面SEM形貌提出了溶胶涂层钝化或弥合表面微裂纹的理论模型。     

用溶胶-凝胶法制备Al_2O_3涂层工程陶瓷的表面改性研究

分析了溶胶 -凝胶法制备Al2 O3 溶胶的适宜工艺条件 ,在氧化铝基陶瓷基体上成功地制备了Al2 O3 涂层 ;利用X射线衍射分析和差热分析 (DTA)方法对Al2 O3 凝胶粉末的相变过程进行了研究 .通过分析精磨、热处理、Al2 O3 一次和二次溶胶涂层 4种试样的抗弯强度测量值对材料总体性能进行了估计 .结果表明 :Al2 O3 涂层工程陶瓷可以提高基体的抗弯强度而降低其分散性 ,效果好于单纯的热处理 .通过观察4种试样的表面SEM形貌和两种涂层试样的断面SEM形貌提出了溶胶涂层钝化或弥合表面微裂纹的理论模型     

纳米氧化铝的制备及应用

本文介绍了纳米氧化铝的制备及应用情况，主要介绍了液相法的沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法、溶剂干燥法、微乳液法，以及固相法的热解法等方法，讨论了纳米氧化铝在陶瓷、催化剂、电子工业、涂层及光学材料中的应用。     

涂覆液种类对FeCrAl金属载体上氧化铝涂层性质的影响

利用浸渍提拉法(dip-coating),分别采用铝溶胶与氧化铝浆液在Fe Cr Al金属载体上制备了两种γ-Al2O3活性涂层,考察了涂覆液种类对涂层性质的影响。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、氮气物理吸附和超声波振动方法考察了两种涂层的表观形貌、晶型结构、织构性质及涂层与金属载体之间的结合力。研究结果表明,当涂层负载量小于3%(质量分数,下同)时,溶胶涂层可以避免开裂,而浆液涂层无法避免开裂发生;当负载量大于8%时,溶胶涂层在干燥后会开裂翘起甚至直接脱落,而浆液涂层虽然开裂加剧但是不会直接脱落。对于涂层厚度需求较低的体系(涂层负载量小于8%),溶胶涂层的比表面积和孔容比浆液涂层更大,更适合作为催化剂活性载体;而对于涂层厚度需求较高的体系(涂层负载量大于8%),则应选择浆液涂层。     

蜂窝堇青石陶瓷负载的CaZr_4P_6O_(24)涂层的制备及表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了化学组成为CaZr4P6O24(CZP)的溶胶态前驱物,用其涂覆薄壁蜂窝堇青石陶瓷,经过700℃焙烧2h转化为具有低热膨胀特性的结晶态CZP涂层。用X射线衍射和BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)氮吸附法表征了涂层的物相和孔结构,用扫描电镜观察了涂层表面及涂层与基体的界面结合处的形貌,用能量色散光谱仪分析了涂层中的元素分布及含量。结果表明:在蜂窝堇青石陶瓷基体上形成的涂层组成为CZP;表面沉积了19.5%(质量分数)CZP的蜂窝堇青石陶瓷的BET比表面积、孔体积和平均孔径分别为16.4m2/g,0.0225mL/g和2.74nm。CZP涂层与蜂窝堇青石基体的界面结合良好。发动机台架性能试验结果表明:"CZP-蜂窝堇青石"复合载体负载的单钯催化剂表现出与"γ-Al2O3-蜂窝堇青石"负载的单钯催化剂相近的三效转化活性。     

Effect of method of preparation on activity of Pd/Al2O3 monolith catalysts

Pd/Al₂O₃ monolithic catalyst of different washcoat thicknesses were prepared by two methods and tested for the activity of hydrogenation of α‐methyl styrene. These catalysts were prepared by two methods; either the palladium was impregnated on γ‐alumina and this Pd/Al₂O₃ powder was used to prepare the slurry for washcoating (Cat 1) or γ‐alumina washcoating was followed by impregnation of palladium (Cat 2). The effect of slurry concentration, pH of the slurry, and addition of binders on the catalyst properties was investigated. The monolithic catalysts were characterised by determination of metal dispersion, surface area, scanning electron microscopy, and weight loss of washcoat during ultrasonication. Well‐adhered washcoats were obtained with slurry prepared using milled γ‐alumina, whereas the adhesion of the washcoat prepared using Pd/Al₂O₃ powders was very poor. Addition of binders significantly improved the adhesion of the washcoats prepared from Pd/Al₂O₃. Metal dispersion for Cat 2 decreased with washcoat loading but did not change with loading for Cat 1. The activity tests were conducted at different washcoat loadings and the productivity of the monolithic catalyst prepared in both methods has been compared.     

整体式脱硝催化剂二氧化钛涂层制备

以硅溶胶为黏结剂,采用浆液浸涂法对堇青石蜂窝陶瓷基体进行涂覆,制备整体式脱硝催化剂的TiO₂涂层。考察固含量、pH和不同添加剂等对TiO₂浆液及涂层性质的影响,结合超声振荡、比表面积、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段对TiO₂涂层进行表征。结果表明,随着固含量的增加,浆液黏度的增加速率逐渐加快,固含量超过22.82%时,浆液发生团聚,不可进行涂覆;随着pH的增大,浆液黏度先降低后增加,在pH为1.05时,浆液黏度最低;浆液中加入适量的聚乙烯醇、六次甲基四胺和铝溶胶均可提高涂层负载量,降低涂层脱落率。其中,在浆液中添加质量分数5%的铝溶胶可以使涂层负载质量分数增至8.58%,比表面积达10.22 m²·g^-1,而涂层脱落率仅为12.84%,该涂层可作脱硝催化剂的良好载体。     

Characterization of a Pt-Pd combustion catalyst on an alumina washcoat,with and without prior hydrothermal treatment of the washcoat

Two Pt/Pd catalysts on cordierite monoliths were prepared by impregnating two differently treated alumina washcoats with 10 mol [Pt+Pd] per gram catalyst in the atomic ratio Pt/Pd=4.0. Both washcoats were first thermally treated, calcined, for 2 h at 550 °C in air and one of them was additionally treated, hydrothermally, in 100% steam for 2 h at 814 °C. The hydrothermally treated catalyst was more active for complete oxidation of xylene in air: its light-off temperature was 232 °C, compared to 259 °C for the sample calcined only. To explain this higher activity, both catalysts were characterized by BET surface area, pore-size distribution, hydrogen chemisorption, X-ray diffraction, TEM/STEM/EDS and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS). The catalyst with a hydrothermally treated washcoat had 30% lower surface area, larger alumina crystal size, higher degree of crystallization of alumina and larger average catalyst pore size (11 nm vs. 6 nm), than the one with the washcoat, treated only thermally. The LEIS results indicated a surface enrichment of Pd on both catalysts. The Pt signal in LEIS was higher for the hydrothermally treated sample.     

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using monolithic catalysts

Square channel cordierite monoliths have been loaded with alumina washcoat layers of various thicknesses (20–110 μm) and loaded with rhenium and cobalt resulting in a 0.1 wt.% Re/17 wt.% Co/Al₂O₃ catalyst. These monolithic catalysts have been tested in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in a temperature window (180–225 °C) under synthesis gas compositions ranging from stoichiometrically excess carbon monoxide to excess hydrogen (H₂/CO = 1–3). The results include data on the activity and selectivity of CoRe/Al₂O₃ monolithic catalysts for FTS under these process conditions. Washcoat layers thicker than about 50 μm appear to lead to internal diffusion limitations. Thinner washcoat layers yield, depending on the conditions, to larger amounts of -olefins than alkanes for chain lengths below 10 carbon atoms. ASF and non-ASF chain length distributions are obtained for thin washcoats, whereby the chain growth probability increases from 0.83 to 0.93. Under certain conditions the amounts of alkanes even increase with chain length. These experimental results with different diffusion lengths have been used to analyze the effects of secondary reactions on FTS selectivity.     

金属蜂窝载体表面负载活性氧化铝涂层的研究

采用高温氧化法对合金FeCrAl金属基体进行预处理，使用AlOOH胶浸渍活性涂层，考察了氧化温度、氧化时间、料浆配方、制备条件以及焙烧温度等因素对涂层的影响。利用XRD、SEM、BET和超声波振动等方法研究了样品的表观性能和涂层的结合性能。结果表明，950 ℃氧化10 h的氧化处理可以在金属基体上形成粗糙的表层，增加涂层粘结能力。在料浆的制备过程中，加入添加剂以及提高活性涂层的焙烧温度都可以明显提高涂层与金属载体的结合力,得到的涂层牢固，比表面积达212 m²·g^-1，满足工业应用要求。     

The effect of powder characteristics on washcoat quality. Part II: Zirconia,titania washcoats — multilayered structures

Novel automotive catalyst designs based on the use of washcoat systems such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and titania, in combination with the traditionally used γ-alumina have been recently proposed. For the development of an integrated, robust multi-layered system, good adhesion of the inner layer on the support as well as among the various layers has to be ensured. In the present work, the adhesion of zirconia and titania washcoats on cordierite honeycombs was investigated. Irrespective of the nature of the powder used, reduction of the agglomerates’ size down to the order of few (2–5) microns is necessary in order to ensure firm adhesion of the washcoat to the support, comparable to that of commercial catalysts. In the deposition of multi-layered structures, particle size compatibility of the powders of the various washcoat layers can enhance the adhesion among them and induce better coherence of the overall washcoat.     

Preparation, evaluation and characterization of copper catalysts for ethanol fuelled diesel engines

Copper-based monolithic honeycomb catalysts for ethanol fuelled diesel engines have been prepared and evaluated. The washcoat consisted either of alumina or titania. Two different methods to apply the active material were used; incipient wetness impregnation and deposition precipitation. The catalysts have been evaluated in a laboratory reactor and have been characterised using SEM, XRPD, TEM, TPR, XPS, BET surface area and pore-size distribution measurements. Both the choice of washcoat material as well as the preparation method is of importance. Titania as washcoat gave a better performing catalyst than alumina in this case. Deposition precipitation gave a better catalyst than incipient wetness impregnation when alumina was used as washcoat, as well as at low temperatures for titania catalysts.     

Basic Study of Adhesion of Several Alumina‐based Washcoats Deposited on Stainless Steel Microchannels

The adhesion of several washcoats deposited on stainless steel microchannels was investigated by performing a mechanical test (drop test) after application‐oriented tests, temperature cycling, and water exposure. For this study alumina washcoats (γ‐Al₂O₃) and washcoats of commercially available alumina‐based catalyst powders (Pt/Al₂O₃, Rh/Al₂O₃) were used. The deposited washcoats showed very good adhesion not only for fresh samples but also after the application‐oriented tests.