薤白多糖的酶法修饰及其抗氧化活性

为探讨薤白多糖酶法修饰的最佳条件,以及酶法修饰提高薤白多糖活性的可能性,采用α-淀粉酶对醇沉法得到的薤白多糖和柱层析纯化的3种分级薤白多糖进行酶法修饰,以O2-·清除率为响应值,应用响应面分析法对α-淀粉酶修饰薤白多糖的工艺进行优化,用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定修饰产物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,对修饰多糖抗氧化活性的影响因素从大到小依次为:加酶量、酶解温度、酶解p H;α-淀粉酶修饰薤白多糖的最优工艺条件为:加酶量263U/g,酶解温度45℃、酶解p H 5.8,在此条件下O2-·清除率预测值为80.13%,验证值为80.16%,结果重现性好,可用于实际预测。抗氧化试验表明,酶法修饰能提高薤白多糖的抗氧化活性。     

水果酵素体外抗氧化及抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的研究

为明确水果酵素在自然发酵过程中体外抗氧化活性和对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,以DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS自由基清除能力为指标,研究酵素的抗氧化活性;以可溶性淀粉和4-硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)为底物测定酵素对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。试验结果表明,酵素在发酵结束后DPPH自由基清除率和ABTS自由基清除率分别达到87.19%和100.00%;对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率分别达到99.57%和81.67%。酵素对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除作用和对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用明显,表明具有较好的抗氧化活性和降血糖潜力。     

红茶多糖的体外抗氧化及糖苷酶抑制活性研究

目的研究红茶多糖的体外抗氧化活性和降血糖活性。探讨结构修饰对红茶多糖活性的影响。方法通过还原力实验、羟基自由基清除实验、DPPH清除实验以及脂质过氧化抑制试验模型研究红茶多糖的体外抗氧化活性。通过对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制实验研究红茶多糖的降血糖活性,以及对抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶动力学研究红茶多糖的抑制类型。应用超声处理、部分酸解和酶解处理三种不同的处理方式探讨结构修饰与红茶多糖活性的关系。结果在抗氧化实验中,红茶多糖活性具有良好的浓度依赖关系。在α-淀粉酶以及α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制试验中,红茶多糖显示出一定的抑制作用。由动力学研究推测红茶多糖对a-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用属于非竞争性抑制。三种结构修饰方式对活性均有影响,但变化趋势与处理方式和活性模型有关。结论红茶多糖是一种良好的抗氧化剂,并具有一定的降血糖活性,相应的结构修饰可提高红茶多糖的活性。     

水提醇沉法提取蛹虫草多糖的工艺优化及体外抗氧化效果研究

目的优化蛹虫草多糖的提取工艺,研究蛹虫草多糖的体外抗氧化效果。方法以水提醇沉法提取蛹虫草中的多糖,采用正交试验优化提取工艺,并通过1, 1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH)和羟自由基清除能力测定评价虫草多糖体外抗氧化效果。结果蛹虫草多糖的最佳提取条件为菌粉粒度80目,料液比1:20,提取温度65℃,提取时间2 h,提取次数3次,在此条件下,提取率达10.42%。随着浓度的增加,多糖的体外抗氧化活性呈上升趋势,当浓度为1.2 mg/ml时,多糖对DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除率分别为同浓度下抗坏血酸的54.29%,65.69%。结论优化后工艺提高了蛹虫草多糖的提取率,并保留了其抗氧化活性,可为蛹虫草多糖的开发利用奠定基础。     

蛹、米虫草多糖含量及抗氧化活性比较研究

旨在研究不同来源北虫草子实体多糖的含量差异以及分级醇沉各组分的抗氧化活性差异。通过热水浸提、分级醇沉法分别获得蛹虫草多糖(Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide,CMP)、米虫草多糖(Cordyceps oryzae polysaccharide,COP);以DPPH自由基清除率、羟基自由基(·OH)清除率和铁离子还原能力法(ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)评价两种多糖的体外抗氧化活性;构建H_2O_2致PC12细胞氧化损伤模型,比较两种虫草多糖对氧化损伤的PC12细胞的保护作用。不同乙醇浓度沉淀获得的虫草多糖中,米虫草多糖提取率及含量高于蛹虫草多糖;米虫草多糖对DPPH自由基、·OH清除率分别可达66.43%、69.22%,蛹虫草多糖可达73.69%、73.50%;FRAP法测得蛹虫草多糖抗氧化能力较强。细胞试验结果表明,氧化损伤的PC12细胞经两种多糖处理后细胞存活率皆有不同程度的提升,呈浓度依赖性,蛹虫草多糖组细胞存活率最高可达90.45%,米虫草多糖组细胞存活率最高可达82.62%。以蚕蛹为培养基的蛹虫草在多糖提取率及含量方面低于以大米为培养基的米虫草,但其多糖对自由基清除能力及PC12细胞保护作用优于米虫草多糖,具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

绿豆蛋白酶解物抗氧化活性与其结构、氨基酸组成的相关性

本试验以碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶四种不同来源的蛋白酶酶解绿豆蛋白,测定酶解物的抗氧化能力,结合傅里叶红外光谱技术（FTIR）、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）、圆二色谱（CD）以及氨基酸分析仪,分析酶解物的氨基酸组成以及抗氧化活性与结构变化的相关性。结果表明,绿豆蛋白4 h中性蛋白酶酶解物抗氧化能力最强,其DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率分别达到71.03%、51.94%,TBARS值达到0.4045 mg/L,Fe2+螯合率达到52.31%;结合SDS-PAGE、FTIR、CD等分析得出:绿豆蛋白酶解物的抗氧化能力与其分子量大小、二级结构构象及氨基酸组成变化紧密相关,与绿豆蛋白相比,绿豆蛋白酶解物的α-螺旋结构含量增加了4.12%、β-折叠结构含量降低了19.99%,而抗氧化活性与其α-螺旋含量的增加、β-折叠含量的降低密切相关;影响抗氧化活性的疏水氨基酸增加了0.208 g/100 g,芳香氨基酸增加了0.207 g/100 g,分子量低于10 kDa的小分子量酶解物具有更好的抗氧化性。综合以上研究结果证实绿豆蛋白酶解物活性与其α-螺旋、β-折叠的相关性较大。     

香菜多糖的抗氧化及降血糖活性研究

本研究以香菜为原料,探究其多糖的抗氧化活性和降血糖活性。通过测定香菜多糖对DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除能力和总还原能力评价其抗氧化活性,并通过检测香菜多糖对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制效果研究其降血糖能力。结果表明：随着香菜多糖提取物浓度的增加,其总还原能力以及对自由基清除率提高,当质量浓度为2 mg/mL时,其对DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率分别为61.32%和70.76%,表明其具有较好的抗氧化活性;此外,对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率亦随其浓度增加而增大,当香菜多糖浓度为6 mg/mL时,其对这两种酶抑制率分别可达49.01%和64.76%,表明其具有一定的降血糖活性。因此,香菜多糖可作为一种新的天然抗氧化剂和降糖物质,这将为香菜在食品、药品和保健品等方面的开发利用提供理论依据。     

不同固态培养基对蛹虫草子实体品质的影响

通过测定不同固态培养基培养蛹虫草子实体的生长情况,虫草素、虫草酸、虫草多糖含量,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率及2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）自由基清除能力,研究不固态培养基对蛹虫草子实体品质的影响。结果表明,不同固体培养基培养蛹虫草子实体的活性物质与抗氧化活性差异显著（P＜0.05）,其中小米+麦麸培养基培养蛹虫草子实体的生长情况较佳,出芽时间最快,为12 d,子实体最长,为（6.50±0.15） cm,鲜质量最重,为（8.58±0.07） g,其虫草素和虫草酸含量最高,分别为（6.53±0.06） mg/g和（7.66±0.21） mg/g;薏仁米培养基培养蛹虫草子实体虫草多糖含量最高,为（59.07±1.89） mg/g,薏仁米＋麦麸培养基抗氧化活性最强,DPPH自由基清除率和ABTS自由基清除率分别为（66.84±0.77）%、（68.28±0.26）%。     

响应面法优化葛氏鲈塘鳢鱼头多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

研究酶法提取葛氏鲈塘鳢鱼头多糖的最佳条件,并探讨其体外抗氧化活性。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化葛氏鲈塘鳢多糖提取工艺,以羟自由基和DPPH自由基清除能力考察体外抗氧化活性并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱测定多糖的结构。试验得到最佳工艺参数:pH6.5、酶添加量2.5%、料液比1∶30(g/mL)、酶解温度37℃、酶解时间2 h,在此条件下多糖的提取率为11.43%。体外抗氧化试验表明,在浓度为10 mg/mL时,多糖的羟自由基和DPPH自由基清除率分别为81.2%和80%。红外光谱表明葛氏鲈塘鳢鱼头多糖可能是含有β-糖苷构型和吡喃环的酸性多糖。以上结果初步揭示了酶法提取葛氏鲈塘鳢鱼头多糖的特性,为水产品副产物高值化利用提供了理论基础。     

余甘子多糖体外降血糖及抗氧化活性研究

为测定余甘子多糖降血糖及抗氧化活性,采用体外化学模型研究余甘子多糖对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性及对羟自由基(·OH)、超氧自由基(O_2~-·)、1,1-二苯-2-苦肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除作用。结果表明,余甘子多糖对两种酶具有剂量依赖性抑制活性,其最大抑制率均高于阿卡波糖;自由基清除测定表明余甘子多糖清除率总体上弱于维生素C,但高浓度时对DPPH·的清除作用与维生素C相当。余甘子多糖具有一定的降血糖和抗氧化活性,有很好的开发价值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press