高光谱图像技术在肉品检测中的研究进展

阐述了高光谱图像技术的检测原理和硬软件系统方面的组成,从不同肉品的新鲜度检测、掺假检测、腐败菌检测和营养物质含量等几个方向,对近年来高光谱技术在肉品检测的应用研究进行了分析,重点突出了高光谱技术在肉品检测应用上的切实性;叙述了高光谱大数据中光谱预处理方法、特征波长提取方法和模型建立方法,并对未来高光谱技术在肉品检测中的发展进行了分析和总结。高光谱图像技术能够通过检测肉品嫩度、色泽、纤维结构、各种营养成分或有毒有害成分含量等,满足人们对肉品安全指标高效和高精确度检测,实现肉品内外质量分析和可视化表达。为高光谱技术在肉品检测中的广泛应用,提供理论依据。     

牛肉品质快速检测装置的设计

目的 开发基于可见/近红外光谱技术的牛肉品质快速检测系统。方法 利用波长范围为400~2600 nm的光谱仪为核心检测部件, 结合控制器、光源、光纤等辅助装置构成了检测系统的硬件部分, 对32个牛肉通脊样本进行检测, 并用肉类嫩度仪进行验证。结果 27个样本为嫩肉, 5个样本为粗糙肉, 嫩度检测正确率为100%。结论 该装置能够对牛肉的嫩度品质进行较准确的检测。     

拉曼光谱在肉品质预测与控制中的应用

拉曼光谱技术具有快速、原位、无损伤检测等优点。近年来,该技术在肉类工业中的应用受到越来越多的关注。该文总结了拉曼光谱在肉品研究中常用的拉曼位移、信号来源及其与肉品品质、安全的关系;总结分析了拉曼光谱在研究肉的pH值、嫩度、颜色、保水性、营养成分、货架期与致病菌、掺假判断等食品品质和食品安全指标的应用,以及拉曼光谱数据的处理与分析方法,以期为促进拉曼光谱技术在肉的品质和安全控制中的应用提供研究思路和理论指导。     

近红外光谱技术在牛肉嫩度检测中的应用

本文首先阐述了近红外光谱技术应用于牛肉嫩度分析的历史,然后结合多元回归法进行实验分析,从实验中总结出应用近红外光谱技术提高牛肉嫩度检测准确性的方法。     

光谱技术在生鲜肉品质安全快速检测的研究进展

光谱技术作为无损快速检测技术在肉品行业中得到广泛应用.该技术能实现生鲜肉快速、在线、准确、无损检测,是各类生鲜肉品质安全分析的重要技术之一.文章综述了近红外光谱、拉曼光谱、高光谱成像技术、荧光光谱等光谱技术在生鲜肉品质检测和安全评定上的重要应用和研究进展.主要包括水分、蛋白质及脂肪等影响肉类营养品质的组成成分分析,肉品食用品质如嫩度、大理石花纹、肉色及新鲜度等指标的评价,肉品加工品质如保水性并由此实行肉类分级的检测以及生鲜肉在微生物污染等安全品质的评定.同时分析各种光谱技术的现状提出存在的问题,并针对目前发展趋势展望了该技术的前景:光谱技术通过与机器视觉技术等新型无损检测技术的有机融合,将实现在线检测评价生鲜肉品质安全的目标.     

基于VIS/NIR高光谱散射特征预测牛肉的嫩度

本文研究利用VIR/NIR光谱散射特征预测成熟 7 天牛肉的嫩度.开发高光谱散射成像系统,获取新鲜牛肉 400～1100 nm 波长范围高光谱散射图像,对牛肉嫩度进行预测和分级.利用洛伦兹函数,拟合各个波长处的散射曲线,获取不同波长散射曲线的洛伦兹分布函数参数.使用逐步回归方法,选择最佳波长及相应的拟合参数,建立线性回归模型预测牛肉的嫩度,使用全交叉验证方法评价模型的性能.使用散射曲线的峰值建立的模型对嫩度的预测结果最好,预测相关系数为0.86,预测残差为11.7 N.以嫩度剪切力值 58.8 N 为界将牛肉分为粗糙牛肉组和嫩牛肉组,对嫩度的分级准确率是 91%.该研究表明,利用牛肉的散射特征可以对牛肉嫩度预测和分级.     

新型牛肉嫩化技术研究进展

嫩度是评价牛肉品质的关键指标,直接影响消费者的购买意向。因此,如何改善牛肉的嫩度一直是肉品研究领域的重点。随着科学技术的发展,新型肉类嫩化技术不断涌现,目前在牛肉生产中新引入的智能拉伸、超声波和脉冲电场等技术在牛肉生产领域得到广泛关注。基于近期的研究成果,该文详细深入地对上述3种技术的作用机制、嫩化效果及应用前景进行了综述,发现高强度(10~1 000 W/cm^2)低频率(20~100 k Hz)超声波在改善牛肉嫩度方面效果显著,是一种有效的牛肉嫩化技术,多种肉类嫩化技术的复合应用也是未来肉类产业发展的趋势。     

基于支持向量机的牛肉嫩度等级评价模型研究

目的 利用VIS/NIR反射光谱建立基于支持向量机的生鲜牛肉嫩度等级的评价模型。方法 以牛肉背最长肌为研究对象, 选取样本58个, 在牛肉新鲜切口处采集波长范围400~1700 nm的反射光谱信息, 使用肉类嫩度测量仪测量牛肉剪切力值, 应用支持向量机(SVM)模型评价牛肉嫩度等级。结果 应用SVM模型可以较好地实现对牛肉嫩度等级的评价。尤其是经主成分分析降维预处理, 结合径向基核函数SVM, 对牛肉训练集嫩度等级的回判率达到95%, 对样品校正集判别的准确率进一步提高至83.3%。结论 SVM模型对牛肉嫩度等级评价结果较好, 进行主成分分析后, 判别结果有所提高。     

不同分集方法对牛肉嫩度高光谱检测模型的比较

选用牛肉嫩度作为研究对象,开展了4种不同样品集划分方法的选取对其高光谱模型的影响研究。首先选取了70个具有代表性的牛肉样品并提取其肌肉感兴趣区域(ROIs)的光谱,比较分析了浓度梯度法(C-G)、随机法(R-S)、Kennard-Stone(K-S)和光谱-理化值共生矩阵法(SPXY)获取的校正集建立的牛肉嫩度PCR和PLSR模型效果。结果表明:在PCR和PLSR中,SPXY均为最适的样品分集方法,并且4种样品集划分方法下的PLSR模型效果均较优。最优模型SPXY-PLSR校正集的相关系数(Rcal)和均方根误差(RMSEC)分别为0.94和0.48,预测集的相关系数(Rp)和均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.93和0.63。研究表明SPXY方法结合高光谱PLSR模型能够实现牛肉嫩度的快速无损检测。     

光谱技术在肉品掺杂掺假鉴别中的应用研究进展

近年来,肉品安全事件频发,掺杂掺假现象屡见不鲜,甚至成为市场潜规则,这严重威胁到消费者身心健康,扰乱了我国肉类工业的健康、可持续发展。建立快速、无损的检测技术有利于从技术层面保障肉品真实性,从而保障肉品市场的健康发展。传统检测技术,如通过DNA(酶联免疫吸附测定和聚合酶链式反应)、蛋白质、脂肪鉴别的方法,存在有损、耗时长和操作复杂等缺点。光谱技术,如近红外光谱、高光谱成像、拉曼光谱等,作为快速、无损检测技术在肉品掺杂掺假鉴别方面有很好的应用前景。本文综述近红外光谱、高光谱成像和拉曼光谱技术在肉品掺杂掺假的定性判别和定量检测中的研究进展,并分析了3种光谱技术的应用现状及存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the