PLA/PBS共混物的动态流变性能

研究聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)对聚乳酸(PLA)流变性能的影响。通过熔融挤出的方法在双螺杆挤出机上制备PLA/PBS共混物,采用旋转流变仪研究PLA/PBS共混物的动态流变性能。结果表明,当应变为6%时,PLA/PBS共混物的储能模量和损耗模量随着角频率的增加而增大,而PLA/PBS共混物的损耗因子和复数黏度随着角频率的增加而降低,共混物熔体表现出剪切变稀现象。用Han方法分析表明,共混物没有发生明显的相分离现象。动态时间扫描表明,时间对于纯PLA的储能模量没有影响,但是对于PLA/PBS共混物的储能模量有较大的影响。     

PLA增强改性PBS共混物制备及性能

采用熔融共混法制备聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混物,研究PLA含量对共混物的熔体流动速率(MFR)、拉伸性能、微观形貌以及结晶结构的影响。结果表明,由于PLA熔体的较高黏度,导致PBS/PLA共混物的MFR随着PLA含量增大而显著降低。适量PLA的加入可实现其对PBS的增强增韧,当PLA质量分数为30%时,共混物的拉伸屈服强度、拉伸弹性模量以及断裂伸长率分别由纯PBS的32.0,473.1 MPa和282.5%增大至34.4,610.8 MPa和455.2%,拉伸性能最优。而当PLA质量分数增大至40%时,共混物中出现严重的PLA相合并,导致其断裂伸长率剧烈降低至11.3%。此外,结晶测试结果表明,共混物中PBS基体为半结晶结构,而PLA分散相为非晶态结构,PLA的加入会导致PBS结晶度降低。     

天然橡胶和纤维素纳米晶对聚乳酸的共混改性研究

通过在天然橡胶(NR)分子链上接枝丙烯酸丁酯(BA)制备接枝改性物NR-g-PBA,并将NR-g-PBA以及NRg-PBA和纤维素纳米晶(CNC)分别与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混,得到PLA/NR-g-PBA二元共混物和PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC三元共混物。研究NR-g-PBA和CNC对共混物力学性能、结晶性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:与PLA相比,PLA/NR-g-PBA二元共混物的韧性提高,但拉伸强度降低;随着CNC用量增大,PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC三元共混物的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率均呈先提高后降低趋势,PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC共混物(CNC相对于PLA的质量分数为0. 005)的拉伸强度最高,PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC共混物(CNC相对于PLA的质量分数为0. 01)的拉断伸长率最高;PLA/NR-g-PBA二元共混物和PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC三元共混物的结晶温度和结晶度均比纯PLA有所提高;NR-g-PBA和CNC的引入有助于提高PLA的热稳定性。     

低密度聚乙烯/聚乳酸共混物性能的研究

利用熔融成型法制得不同聚乳酸(PLA)质量分数的低密度聚乙烯/聚乳酸(PE–LD/PLA)共混物,并对PE–LD/PLA共混物的结构和性能进行研究。结果表明,共混物中PLA相与PE–LD相之间没有发生化学反应,它是PLA与PE–LD的一种简单混合物。共混物中的PLA含量对其力学性能和亲水性均有很大影响。随着PLA含量的增加,共混物的断裂伸长率逐渐降低而拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量逐渐增大,共混物的亲水性增加,且随着降解时间的增加,共混物的断裂伸长率轻微增加而拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量小幅度降低,这些现象均与PLA是一种强度高但柔韧性较差的亲水性高分子材料有关。     

酯交换反应对PLA/PBS共混物性能的影响

为提高聚乳酸(PLA)的韧性,以钛酸四丁酯(TBT)为酯交换剂,采用反应性挤出技术制备了PLA/聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)共混物,并通过万能试验机、扫描电子显微镜、动态热机械分析仪等研究了TBT用量对PLA/PBS共混物的力学性能、形貌结构及动态力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,加入0.15份TBT可改善PLA和PBS间的相容性,使得PBS在PLA基体中分散均匀且颗粒变小。随着TBT用量的增加,PLA/PBS共混物的拉伸强度变化不大,而其韧性得到明显提高。当TBT用量为0.15份时,与纯PLA相比,PLA/PBS共混物的断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别提高了25.6倍和2.0倍。随着TBT用量的增加,PLA/PBS共混物的储能模量增大,而PLA和PBS的玻璃化转变温度差值的绝对值变小。     

PLA/PBAT 共混体系相容性研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸-丁二酯共聚物(PLA/PBAT)共混物,研究了不同含量的钛酸四丁酯(TBT)、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)和乙酰化柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)对PLA/PBAT共混物(PLA/PBAT质量比为50/50)相容性的影响,同时,利用万能力学试验机、差示扫描量热仪及扫描电子显微镜对共混物的力学性能、热性能以及微观形态进行了表征。结果表明,相容剂BPO和TBT均能改善PLA/PBAT的相容性;当BPO、ATBC添加量分别为0.5份(质量份,下同)时,共混物的拉伸强度达到最大值,分别为39MPa和38MPa,使得材料刚性增加,但对材料韧性改善效果一般;当TBT添加量为0.5份时,共混物的断裂伸长率达到最大值263%,使得材料韧性提高。     

聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混物的研究

通过熔融共混制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混物,采用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、旋转流变仪对其相容性、热性能和黏度等进行了研究,并研究了PBS的加入对PLA力学性能的影响。结果表明,PLA和PBS之间是部分相容的,PBS的少量添加并不影响PLA的拉伸强度,且其冲击强度随着PBS含量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,当PBS含量为10份时,共混物的冲击强度最好;与纯PLA相比,共混物的黏度有所增加,且随着PBS含量的增加,共混物的黏度逐渐增大;PBS的添加起到异相成核作用,促进了PLA的结晶。     

PEG对PLA/PBS共混物结构与性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚乙二醇(PLA/PBS/PEG)共混物,研究了PEG组分对PLA/PBS共混体系微观结构、流变性能、结晶性能、动态力学性能以及冲击性能的影响。结果表明,将PEG组分添加到PLA/PBS共混物中,能够降低PBS分散相的尺寸,均化分散相尺寸分布,增强界面结合。与PLA/PBS共混物相比,PLA/PBS/PEG共混物的复数黏度大幅度降低。由于PEG对PLA和PBS分子链同时具有增塑作用,使PLA/PBS/PEG共混物的结晶能力远大于相应的PLA/PBS共混物,最高结晶度可达17. 4%。通过测试,动态力学性能结果表明,PEG组分能够降低共混体系中PLA组分的玻璃化转变温度,并且促进PLA与PBS之间的相容性。此外,PLA/PBS/PEG共混物的冲击强度得到了显著提高,最高可达到4. 71 k J·m~(-2),比未添加PEG组分的PLA/PBS共混物提高了25. 3%。     

可完全生物降解PLA/PPA/PBS薄膜的制备与性能研究

以聚己二酸-1,2-丙二醇酯(PPA)为增塑剂,聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)为增韧剂,用熔融共混法和挤出吹膜工艺制备了PLA/PPA/PBS薄膜。对PLA/PPA/PBS薄膜的力学性能、热性能、流变学特性、撕裂断面形态和光学性能进行了研究。结果表明:PPA对PLA增塑效果良好,PBS的加入改善了PLA的柔韧性。随着PBS含量的增加,PLA/PPA/PBS薄膜的拉伸强度和模量降低,断裂伸长率和撕裂强度增加。与纯PLA薄膜比,PLA/PPA/PBS薄膜的透光率和雾度值变化不大,薄膜光学性能比较良好。所得到的PLA/PPA/PBS薄膜综合性能良好,可以达到大多数包装薄膜的使用要求。     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯与聚乳酸共混型全生物降解材料的结构和性能研究

通过机械共混法,使聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混,制备了一种完全生物降解塑料。用红外光谱(FTIR)法、DSC(DifferentialScanningCalorimetry)法、扫描电镜法(SEM)及力学测试等手段研究了不同组分配比情况下共混物的结构、热性能以及力学性能变化。并研究了聚丙撑碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)的加入对共混体系性能的影响。结果表明:随着PBS含量的增加,PBS/PLA共混体系的拉伸强度降低不多,而断裂伸长率显著提高。而PPC的加入能够提高共混体系的相容性并显著提高体系的韧性。     

Morphology,rheology, crystallization behavior,and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate)/dicumyl peroxide reactive blends

The reactive blends were prepared by the blending of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a radical initiator in the melt state. The gel fractions, morphologies, crystallization behaviors, and rheological and mechanical properties of the reactive blends were investigated. Some crosslinked/branched structures were formed according to the rheological measurement and gel fraction results, and the crosslinked/branched structures played the role of nucleation site for the reactive blends. The PLA–PBS copolymers of the reactive blends acted as a compatibilizer for the PLA and PBS phases and, hence, improved the compatibility between the two components. Moreover, it was found that the reactive blends showed the most excellent mechanical properties as the DCP contents were 0.2 and 0.3 phr. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39580.     

Heat Resistant and Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Blends Crosslinked by Polyaryl Polymethylene Isocyanate

This work focus on improving the heat resistant and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) (PLA/PBS) blends using appropriate contents of polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate (PAPI). Some crosslinked structures were formed according to the gel fraction and rheological results, and the crosslinked structures played the role of nucleation site for the blends. And the Vicat softening temperature of the blends gradually increased with increasing PAPI content. Moreover, the addition of PAPI in the PLA/PBS blends produced a few PLA-PBS copolymers which acted as a compatibilizer and enhanced the interfacial adhesion. Thus, the mechanical properties of PLA were significantly improved.     

Investigation on two modification strategies for the reinforcement of biodegradable lignin/poly(lactic acid) blends

In this work, biodegradable lignin/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends were prepared with melting compounding method. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and maleic anhydride (MA)/biphenyl peroxide (BPO) were used for the modification of the polymer blends, respectively. Structure of the polymer blends was characterized with Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of the samples were determined with universal test machine and dynamic mechanical analysis. Thermal behaviors and thermal stability of the blends were all characterized with a thermal gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry simultaneous thermal analyzer. Lignin reinforced the mechanical strength of the blends while the thermal stability was not improved. At low content, DCP and MA/BPO apparently enhanced the mechanical strength of lignin/PLA blends. However, excessive DCP led to decreased tensile strength and elongation at break. Both DCP and MA/BPO resulted in lower glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PLA in the blends, while the thermal stability of the polymer blends was poorer after modification.     

Biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate)/wood flour composites: Physical and morphological properties

This work sought to improve the toughness and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by incorporating poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and wood flour (WF). The PLA/PBS blends showed a PBS‐dose‐dependent increase in the impact strength, elongation at break, degree of crystallinity, and thermal stability compared to the PLA, but the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and flexural strength were all decreased with increasing PBS content. Based on the optimum impact strength and elongation at break, the 70/30 (w/w) PLA/PBS blend was selected for preparing composites with five loadings of WF (5–30 phr). The impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and thermal stability of the PLA/PBS/WF composites decreased with increasing WF content, and the degree of crystallinity was slightly increased compared to the 70/30 (w/w) PLA/PBS blend. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, the inclusion of PBS and WF into PLA did not significantly change the glass transition and melting temperatures of PLA in the PLA/PBS blends and PLA/PBS/WF composites. From the observed cold crystallization temperature of PLA in the samples, it was evident that the degree of crystallinity of PLA in all the blends and composites was higher than that of PLA. The PLA/PBS blend and PLA/PBS/WF composite degraded faster than PLA during three months in natural soil, which was due to the fast degradation rate of PBS. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2841–2851, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚乙二醇硬脂酸酯共混物非等温结晶行为

以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）和聚乙二醇硬脂酸酯（PEOST）为原料,采用溶液共混法制备了PEOST质量分数分别为10%（POS-10）和30%（POS-30）的两种合金材料。通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了合金材料的非等温结晶行为,用莫志深（Mo）法分析了PBS的非等温结晶动力学,采用Kissinger法和Friedman法计算PBS的结晶活化能,并用红外（FTIR）和偏光显微镜（POM）进行表征。研究结果表明：PBS先结晶形成结晶微区不利于PEOST结晶,而较高含量的PEOST有利于PBS的结晶。受PBS先结晶的影响,POS-10降温DSC曲线没有出现PEOST的结晶峰,而POS-30在低的降温速率情况下出现了PEOST双结晶峰;升温DSC曲线中两试样均出现了PEOST的熔融峰。在相同的冷却速率下,POS-30的PEOST熔融温度（T_m）和熔融焓（△H_m）大于POS-10;POS-30的PBS结晶峰温度（T_p）、结晶焓（△H_c）大于POS-10,而结晶半峰宽（D）值更小;但两者的T_m和△H_m相当。随冷却速率的增加,PBS的D值增大,而PEOST的D值却降低;冷却速率的增加对PBS的T_m值影响不大,但使PEOST的T_m略有减小。Mo法适合用于共混物中PBS的非等温结晶动力学分析。POS-30的PBS绝对值结晶活化能要大于POS-10。POS-30在红外光谱谱图中出现了PEOST结晶的红外响应峰（1109cm^-1和841cm^-1）而POS-10没有。     

Phase behavior and morphology in blends of poly(L‐lactic acid) and poly(butylene succinate)

Blends of poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were prepared with various compositions by a melt‐mixing method and the phase behavior, miscibility, and morphology were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, small‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques, and polarized optical microscopy. The blend system exhibited a single glass transition over the entire composition range and its temperature decreased with an increasing weight fraction of the PBS component, but this depression was not significantly large. The DSC thermograms showed two distinct melting peaks over the entire composition range, indicating that these materials was classified as semicrystalline/semicrystalline blends. A depression of the equilibrium melting point of the PLA component was observed and the interaction parameter between PLA and PBS showed a negative value of ?0.15, which was derived using the Flory–Huggins equation. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering revealed that, in the blend system, the PBS component was expelled out of the interlamellar regions of PLA, which led to a significant decrease of a long‐period, amorphous layer thickness of PLA. For more than a 40% PBS content, significant crystallization‐induced phase separation was observed by polarized optical microscopy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 647–655, 2002     

Effect of the shape of dispersed particles on the thermal and mechanical properties of biomass polymer blends composed of poly(L‐lactide) and poly(butylene succinate)

The structure and properties of binary blends composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and fibrous poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), which were prepared by an uniaxial stretching operation in the molten state, were studied and compared with those of blends having spherical particles of PBS in a continuous PLA phase. We found from electron microscope observation that PBS nanofibers with a large aspect ratio were generated in the stretched samples. Enlargement of the surface area of the PBS particles, which showed nucleating ability for PLA, led to a high degree of crystallization and enhanced the cold crystallization in the heating process. Moreover, the PBS fibers in the stretched samples had a dominant effect on the mechanical properties in the point range between the glass‐transition temperature of PLA and the melting temperature of PBS. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Crystallization, hydrolytic degradation, and mechanical properties of poly (trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) blends

Crystallization, melting, hydrolytic degradation, and mechanical properties of poly(trimentylene terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) (PTT/PLA) blends have been investigated. The blends show a single and composition-dependent glass-transition temperature (T _g) over the entire composition range, implying that these blends are fully miscible in the amorphous state. The observed T _g is found to increase with increasing PLA content and fitted well with the Gordon–Taylor equation, with the fitting parameter k being 0.91. The cold-crystallization peak temperature increases, while the melt-crystallization peak decreases with increasing the PLA content. Both the pure PTT and PTT/PLA blends cannot accomplish the crystallization during the cooling procedure and the recrystallization occurs again on the second heating. Therefore, on the thermogram recorded, there is exothermal peak followed by endothermal peak with a shoulder. However, to pure PLA, no crystallization takes place during cooling from the melt, therefore, no melting endothermic peak is found on the second heating curve. WAXD analysis indicates PLA and PTT components do not co-crystallize and the crystalline phase of the blends is that of their enriched pure component. With increasing PLA content, the hydrolytic degradation of the blend films increases, while both the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the blend films decrease. That is to say, the hydrolytic degradation of the PTT/PLA blends increases with the introduction of PLA at the cost of the decrease of the flexibility of PTT.     

表面改性CNF对PBS/PLA共混物的湿热老化行为的影响

以硅烷偶联剂KH550对纳米纤维素(CNF)进行表面改性,利用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制备一系列聚丁二酸丁二醇脂(PBS)/CNF母粒改性聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料,并在湿热老化试验箱中进行老化试验。通过扫描电子显微镜、广角X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪、偏光显微镜等对复合材料的结晶和力学性能进行测试。结果表明,CNF可作为异相成核剂改善PLA的结晶行为,使PLA的结晶度提高;改性后,PBS/CNF复合母粒与PLA基体之间的相容性有较大改善;老化36 h后,PLA/PBS/CNF-KH550复合材料结晶进一步完善,其结晶度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率较老化前分别提高了28.15 %、5.54 %和8.23 %。