TPA质构分析及测试条件对苹果TPA质构分析的影响

本文简要介绍了TPA质构分析方法,具体阐述了TPA质构参数的含义,并对苹果片进行TPA测试,研究压缩速率和压缩程度对测试结果的影响。结果表明,压缩程度对考察的四个质构参数有显著影响,压缩速率无显著影响。     

TPA及测试条件对湿面质构分析的影响

本文介绍了TPA质构分析（Texture Proffie Analysis,对湿面进行TPA测试,研究压缩速率和压缩程度对测试结果的影响。结果表明,压缩速率对弹性影响显著,对硬度影响极显著,对耐咀性及回复性影响不显著;压缩程度对考察的4个质构参数有极显著影响。另外,根据试验结果拟合出压缩程度对硬度和回复性的影响模型,R。分别达到0．983,0．957,拟合模型具有统计学意义。     

质构分析(TPA)及测试条件对面包品质的影响

简要介绍了质构分析(TextureProfileAnalysis)的方法,具体阐述了TPA质构参数的含义,并对面包片进行TPA测试,研究压缩速率和压缩程度对测试结果的影响。结果表明,压缩程度对考察的五个质构参数有显著影响,压缩速率对弹性和内聚性影响显著。     

牛奶巧克力质地的TPA分析及测试条件优化

为探讨牛奶巧克力的TPA分析方法和测试条件,采用TA-XT2i物性测试仪,研究牛奶巧克力各向差异性和不同压缩量以及不同测试速率对结果的影响.试验结果表明,ANOVA分析结果表明巧克力内部同一测试面上质地是均匀的,但不同测试面、各小块间、各大块间都存在显著差异;压缩比对TPA各测试参数都有显著影响;巧克力TPA测试最佳条件:测试速率0.5mm/s,压缩比60%;巧克力脆性峰最佳测试条件为压缩比≥30.5%,测试速率0.5 mm/s.TPA方法可以用于巧克力质地的评价.     

质构分析（TPA）及测试条件对新鲜湿面品质的影响

简要介绍质构分析（Texture Profile Analysis）的方法,具体阐述TPA质构参数的含义,并对新鲜湿面进行TPA测试．研究压缩速率、压缩程度及停留时间对测试结果的影响。结果表明,压缩速率对F1及弹性影响显著,对硬度影响极显著,对内聚性、耐咀性及回复性影响不显著,而压缩程度对6个参数影响均为极显著。     

芒果TPA质构测定优化及不同成熟度芒果质构特性分析

应用质构仪对芒果果肉进行TPA测试,探索压缩率、测试方向、测试速率等测试条件对不同成熟度芒果果肉质构测定结果的影响。结果表明,三种测试条件对不同成熟度芒果果肉的质构测定影响不同,采用果皮面向探头,测试和测后速率均为1 mm/s,压缩率20%~30%的测试条件能较好的表征芒果果肉的TPA质构特性。在芒果成熟过程中,随样品成熟度的增加,硬度、凝聚性、咀嚼性迅速下降,粘着性以成熟度2级最高,弹性变化不大;低成熟度芒果果肉质构参数的相关性较好,硬度和咀嚼性呈显著正相关性,高成熟度的芒果各质构参数间相关性不显著。本研究为质构仪应用于芒果果肉质构测定提供了参考。     

TPA测试条件对豆腐质构测试结果的影响

豆腐的质构是衡量豆腐品质的重要指标,该研究探究了豆腐TPA测试中测试方向、压缩比、测试速度和停顿时间对豆腐TPA测试值的影响,并进行测试条件的优化。结果表明:测试方向、压缩比和测试速度对测试结果有显著性影响,其中平行方向测得的硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性和回复性高于垂直方向;随着压缩比增大,硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性显著增大,回复性降低;随着测试速度的增大,咀嚼性、胶着性、凝聚性、回复性增大;停顿时间的变化对测试结果基本上没有显著性影响,只对弹性和凝聚性有影响。对测试条件进行初步优化,建议的测试条件是:平行测试方向,压缩比为40%,测试速度为2mm/s,停顿时间为2s。     

质构分析(TPA)及测试条件对新鲜湿面品质的影响

简要介绍质构分析(Texture Profile Analysis)的方法,具体阐述TPA质构参数的含义,并对新鲜湿面进行TPA测试,研究压缩速率、压缩程度及停留时间对测试结果的影响.结果表明,压缩速率对F1及弹性影响显著,对硬度影响极显著,对内聚性、耐咀性及回复性影响不显著.而压缩程度对6个参数影响均为极显著.停留时间对F1、硬度、内聚性、耐咀性及回复性影响不显著,而对弹性影响显著.     

食用槟榔卤水质地剖面分析及测试条件的优化

该文研究了不同参数（测试速率、形变量）设置对食用槟榔卤水质地剖面分析（texture profile analysis, TPA）测试结果的影响。结果表明,形变量会导致槟榔卤水TPA测试结果中各指标参数发生显著变化,其中形变量与弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性呈极显著正相关（P<0.01,R²=0.78～0.85）,与弹性、回复性呈极显著负相关（P<0.01,R²=0.333,R²=0.795）,而测试速率对各指标参数的影响较小。经过分析得知,测试速率为1.00 mm/s,形变量为40%较为合适。通过多项式拟合模型对硬度、咀嚼性和回复性进行回归方程拟合,拟合度R²分别达到0.999 37,0.999 45,0.997 99,具有统计学意义,可用于食用槟榔卤水质构的预测分析。该研究可为优化槟榔卤水质构测试条件提供一定的理论基础。     

质构仪质地多面分析法检测马铃薯块茎质地参数

分析了质构仪参数(触发点负载、测试速率、形变量)对马铃薯质构参数(硬度、脆度、咀嚼性、弹性和内聚性)的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验对获得最佳马铃薯质构参数的质构仪参数设定进行了优化。同时,以硬度作为质地多面分析法(TPA)测试中马铃薯块茎损伤程度的判定指标,分析3个因素对马铃薯块茎损伤程度的影响。初步实验结果表明:采用物性分析仪TPA测试马铃薯块茎质地的最佳水平组合为触发点负载7 g、测试速率0.5 mm/s、形变量70%;形变量对弹性影响极显著,对马铃薯块茎的损伤程度、硬度和咀嚼性影响显著,对脆度和内聚性影响不显著;3个因素中除了触发点负载对内聚性影响极显著外,其余均不显著;测试速率对测试结果影响都不显著。     

Structural and textural characterization of corn–lentil extruded snacks

Structural and textural properties of extruded corn and corn–lentil mixtures were investigated as a result of process conditions, including extrusion temperature (170–230 °C), feed rate (2.52–6.84 kg/h) and feed moisture content (13–19% wb). Lentil was used in mixtures with corn flour at a ratio of 10–50% (legume/corn). Apparent density increased with feed rate, moisture content and material ratio and decreased with temperature, while expansion ratio showed an opposite behavior. Modulus of elasticity increased with feed composition and decreased with extrusion conditions. Number of peaks during compression decreased with extrusion temperature and feed composition. Similar behavior was also found for sensory evaluated structural and textural characteristics. The examination of macrostructure confirmed the effects of extrusion conditions and feed composition on structural and textural properties. The properties correlation revealed critical relationships among instrumental and sensorial characteristics. Hence, simple power model equations were developed, which enable their prediction and consequently the design of extruded snacks with acceptable quality characteristics.     

压缩比对火腿肠制品质构特性的影响

为在测定火腿肠质构特性时选择合理压缩比,研究30%～80% 范围压缩比对不同等级火腿肠质构特性的影响。结果表明：脆性指标检出与否是确定压缩比的重要参考依据;在火腿肠制品的凝胶系统达到一定强度时,采用的压缩比趋于一致。     

Effect of chemical composition of wheat flour and functional properties of dough on the quality of south Indian parotta

Six flours differing in quality were analysed for their chemical and rheological parameters. South Indian parottas were prepared and evaluated for their textural characteristics using an Instron universal testing machine (UTM) and their sensory characteristics by a trained panel. The correlation coefficient data indicated that among the chemical characteristics of flours, dry gluten, protein and SDS sedimentation value were found to be the best indices in predicting the quality of parotta. The rheological characteristics, such as farinograph water absorption, extensograph ratio figure and area, and Instron apparent biaxial extensional viscosity (ABEV), hardness and cohesiveness were found to be highly correlated to the overall quality score of parotta. Sensory texture of parotta was found to be highly correlated to shear force as well as compression force (r=0.99, P ≤ 0.001) indicating that shear and compression forces could be considered as the best indices of sensory texture of parotta.     

TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FROZEN BLUE SQUAT LOBSTER (CERVIMUNIDA JOHNI) TAILS AS MEASURED BY INSTRUMENTAL AND SENSORY METHODS

Instrumental and sensory textural characteristics of frozen blue squat lobster (Cervimunida johni) tails stored at ?22C for 0, 15 and 60 days were evaluated. The influence of fishing area (north or south) was also studied. Instrumental texture was evaluated by shear and compression testing using a Warner–Bratzler blade for firmness and a flat plunger with two‐cycle compression for texture profile analysis (TPA) testing. A trained panel was utilized to evaluate textural attributes using the score method. Results showed that fishing area and frozen storage did not affect the textural quality of blue squat lobster tails. However, a strong correlation (r > 0.9) between sensory and instrumental texture parameters was observed. Instrumental chewiness (r = 0.91), cohesiveness (r = 0.96) and sensory hardness (r > 0.84) obtained the strongest correlations. In this way, the use of instrumental analysis may be useful as an alternative to sensory analyses to evaluate the textural characteristics of blue squat lobster tails.     

基于物性仪评价大米食用品质的方法研究

为了建立国产物性仪评价大米食用品质的方法,探索了米饭摆放方式及压缩参数对大米物性测试结果的影响,并研究了米饭物性仪测试结果与感官评价指标间的相关关系。结果表明：米饭粒在辐射状摆放、圆柱型压缩探头、压缩比70％和压缩速率0．5mm／s的条件下,其物性测定结果重现性较好。物性测试的硬度、弹性和黏硬比与米饭感官评价中软硬发、弹性及综合评分值具有显著的相关性。可见硬度、弹性和黏硬比是米饭物性仪评价米饭食味的关键指标,物性测试仪能代替部分感官评价来快速、准确地测量米饭物性。     

Agglomeration of a model food powder: Effect of maltodextrin and gum Arabic dispersions on flow behavior and compacted mass

The process of agglomeration of particulate foods was studied by employing corn starch as a model system. The effect of different liquid binders (maltodextrin and gum Arabic) to the extent of 1–5% was used to study the changes in the characteristics of the powder. Rheological behavior of powder was quantified in terms of textural indices like maximum force, and energy of compression and decompression. The physical and functional properties of powder and that of the pressure-compacted masses were determined to understand the behavior of the particulate foods in presence of binder liquid. The compacted masses were subjected to compression testing to obtain textural indices like strain at failure and Young’s modulus. The different concentrations of gum and maltodextrin improved the wettability of powder. The electron micrographs were used to observe the characteristics of agglomerated particles including shape and size. The latter varied between 30 and 100 μm for agglomerated masses compared to 12 μm for untreated corn starch powder.     

A TEXTURE STUDY OF FRANKFURTERS1

Textural qualities of seven different commercial frankfurters were measured using a compression/penetration test. Four plunger diameters and three penetration speeds were evaluated to select statistically optimum test conditions. A plunger with a 0.635 cm diameter and the penetration speed of 5.08 cm min^-1 were chosen based on the lowest mean square error. The textural qualities, i.e. skin toughness, internal texture and surface layer firmness, were determined for each product. These measurements exhibited distinct relationships with the square of fat/protein ratio of the frankfurters. In addition, the area-dependent and perimeter-dependent coefficients were obtained.     

明胶和肌原纤维蛋白混合凝胶特性的研究

通过改变凝胶形成的环境条件,对明胶-肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar prote in,MP)混合凝胶的质构和流变特性进行了研究。结果表明:MP浓度和明胶浓度对其本身凝胶质构特性有显著的影响。少量添加明胶降低了混合凝胶的硬度,但却改善了凝胶的弹性;明胶添加量的变化对硬度和模能量G’的影响较大,而对弹性的影响较小;混合凝胶的硬度随着pH增加而逐渐增加,而G’逐渐减小;影响混合凝胶硬度和弹性的主次因素依次为,明胶和MP浓度比、pH、离子强度。     

NATURAL CHEDDAR CHEESE TEXTURE VARIATION AS A RESULT OF MILK SEASONALITY

A set of standard testing conditions using the TA-XT2 Texture Analyser were established to monitor cheddar cheese texture variation. Cheddar cheese was produced in the standard commercial practice and sampled at monthly intervals throughout the milk production season (August - June), and monitored for textural and compositional changes occurring during ripening. The composition, based on fat and protein levels, of the cheese was relatively constant during the period, which was expected as the commercial process aims for that outcome. A reduction in the force and degree of compression at fracture with time, indicative of a reduction in cheese firmness and an increase in cheese crumbliness, was recorded as the milk production season progressed. The degree of proteolysis and changes in milk fat in late season milk are primarily responsible for the changes recorded in cheese texture. The differences observed between cheeses produced at different times during the season indicate that the current fat and protein standardization employed by cheese-makers is not adequate to provide cheddar cheese with consistent textural characteristics year round.     

COMPARISON OF TWO INSTRUMENTAL METHODS WITH SENSORY TEXTURE OF PROTEIN GELS2

The textural attributes of 8 different heat-induced protein gel preparations evaluated by torsion failure testing and Instron texture profile analysis (TPA) were compared to sensory ratings by a trained texture profile panel. The gels presented a wide range of textural properties as determined by the instrumental and sensory parameters. Among the instrumental parameters, true shear strain at failure was the most frequent and significant predictor of sensory notes. Initial shear modulus and 50% compression force had the poorest correlations with sensory notes. Comparison of the two instrumental tests produced high correlations between shear stress at failure and TPA hardness; true shear strain at failure and TPA cohesiveness; and, initial shear modulus and 50% compression force. High correlations were also observed among various panel notes. Canonical correlation analyses showed that sets of linear combinations of parameters from each one of the 3 tests (torsion, TPA or sensory) were highly correlated to sets from either of the other two. Regression equations relating each of the instrumental tests to sensory notes were developed. Of the torsion failure parameters, the logarithm of true shear strain most commonly appeared in the equations. Of the TPA parameters, cohesiveness and its logarithm were the terms that were most frequent. High R² values were obtained for regression equations developed for predicting torsion failure parameters based on TPA parameters.