Rhizopus oryzae产酸性蛋白酶条件及其酶学性质研究

本文以少孢根霉(Rhizopus oligosporus)为对照研究了豆豉中的一个分离菌株米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)产生酸性蛋白酶的条件及所产蛋白酶的性质,结果表明这个菌株的产酶条件和蛋白酶的性质与少孢根霉相比有相似性但也存在一些差异:米根霉在水分含量57%~59%、pH2.5~3.0的酸性介质中、28~31℃下培养36h时产酸性蛋白酶能力最强,所分泌的蛋白酶系在pH4.0和pH6.0附近有最强的催化活性,在pH3.0~6.0的范围内有较好的稳定性,催化反应的最适作用温度为50℃,它的温度稳定性很差,在50℃保温30min已完全失活;少孢根霉在水分含量52%~55%、pH2.5~3.0的酸性介质中、31℃下培养48h时产酸性蛋白酶能力最强,在35℃条件下培养36h也能产生较高的酶活力,少孢根霉分泌的蛋白酶系在pH3.0和pH6.0附近有最强的催化活性,在pH4.0～6.0范围内很稳定,催化反应的最适作用温度可达55～60℃,但它的温度稳定性较差,在50℃保温30min,酶活力损失达到90%,保温120min酶几乎完全失活。     

发酵豆酱中蛋白酶高产细菌的筛选及所产蛋白酶的酶学特性研究

从发酵豆酱中分离出四种产蛋白酶细菌,采用Folin-phenol法测定其蛋白酶活力,筛选出产酶活力最强的菌株,并进行酶学特性的研究。结果表明:该酶的最适反应温度为55℃;最适作用pH为8.5;该酶具有较好的稳定性;在pH6.0～8.5条件下稳定;NH+4对该蛋白酶有明显的激活作用,Pb2+、Fe3+则对其表现出强烈的抑制作用;在55℃、pH8.0条件下,该酶解反应的表观米氏常数为0.056%。      

发酵豆酱中蛋白酶高产细菌的筛选及所产蛋白酶的酶学特性研究

从发酵豆酱中分离出四种产蛋白酶细菌,采用Folin-phenol法测定其蛋白酶活力,筛选出产酶活力最强的菌株,并进行酶学特性的研究。结果表明:该酶的最适反应温度为55℃;最适作用pH为8.5;该酶具有较好的稳定性;在pH6.0～8.5条件下稳定;NH+4对该蛋白酶有明显的激活作用,Pb2+、Fe3+则对其表现出强烈的抑制作用;在55℃、pH8.0条件下,该酶解反应的表观米氏常数为0.056%。     

产耐热蛋白酶乳酸菌的筛选、产酶条件及其酶学性质的研究

从内蒙古部分传统发酵乳样品以及酸菜汤中分离到105株乳酸菌,用检测蛋白酶产生水解圈和福林酚蛋白酶活性测定相结合的方法,从中筛选出一株耐热蛋白酶产生菌株WH29-3-1,该菌株经初步鉴定为Enterococcus faecium.同时,对其产酶条件及酶学性质进行研究.结果表明,菌株WH29-3-1是在以葡萄糖为碳源、蛋白胨 牛肉膏 酵母粉为氮源、碳氮比为0.8、pH7.0的最适产酶培养基中45℃、接种量为4%的条件下发酵培养30h,具有最大产酶量13.13U/ml.且K2HPO4、MgSO4有促进蛋白酶产生的作用.由菌株WH29-3-1产生的耐热蛋白酶的最适作用pH值为7,最适作用温度为50℃.结果表明,该菌是一株具有进一步改造利用价值的产蛋白酶菌株.     

产低温碱性蛋白酶菌株QD-1的鉴定及产酶条件和酶学性质

目的:对来自裙带菜的1株产低温碱性蛋白酶内生菌株QD-1进行菌种鉴定,产酶条件和粗酶性质研究。方法:选取菌株性状优良、产蛋白酶活力较高的菌株QD-1,对其进行形态学及分子生物学16S rDNA鉴定,并研究其最适发酵条件。考察了碳源、氮源、发酵时间、培养温度、起始pH值等因素对菌株产蛋白酶的影响,并对其酶学性质进行研究。结果:经鉴定该菌株为芽孢杆菌属,命名为Bacillus sp.QD-1;该菌株在以蔗糖为碳源,蛋白胨为氮源,培养基初始pH 9.0,培养温度25℃,接种量10%的条件下150 r/min振荡培养48 h,所产蛋白酶活性最高达995 U/m L。该蛋白酶的最适作用温度20℃,最适作用pH 9.0,Mn~(2+)对该酶有较强的激活作用,Zn~(2+),EDTA和PMSF对该酶有抑制作用。结论 :从裙带菜内生菌QD-1发酵液中获得的蛋白酶是一种酶活较高的低温碱性蛋白酶。     

曲霉型豆豉酿造中米曲霉产蛋白酶作用条件研究

研究曲霉型豆豉酿造用米曲霉沪酿3.042产蛋白酶在其酿造过程中的最适作用条件。利用大豆豆汁培养基对米曲霉沪酿3.042菌株进行培养,并用(NH4)2SO4溶液对所产蛋白酶进行沉淀,脱盐处理后,研究该酶的最适作用pH及pH稳定性、最适作用温度及热稳定性以及Na Cl浓度对酶活力的影响。结果显示:该蛋白酶最适作用pH为6.0,酶活最高为1941U/m L,在pH为6.0~8.0时稳定性较高;最适作用温度为50℃,酶活为2658U/m L,在40℃以下其酶活力较稳定;Na Cl对淀粉酶酶促反应有明显的抑制作用,随着Na Cl浓度的升高,其抑制效果越明显。     

浓香型酒醅中一株高产蛋白酶菌株的鉴定及产酶条件的优化

菌株J-1为实验室保存的高产蛋白酶菌株，分离自浓香型发酵酒醅。经过形态学及分子生物学鉴定菌株J-1为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。以蛋白酶活力为指标，通过单因素实验优化产酶条件得出：选用牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基、摇床转速200 r/min、培养温度37℃的实验条件，解淀粉芽孢杆菌所产蛋白酶活力最高，可达到39.6 U/mL。在最优条件下测定蛋白酶最适p H值和最适温度，结果显示：解淀粉芽孢杆菌所产蛋白酶的最适p H值为4.0、最适温度为30℃，并在此条件下蛋白酶活力为45.3 U/mL。结果表明：通过对解淀粉芽孢杆菌产酶条件的优化，提高了菌株蛋白酶活力。期望通过对糟醅中蛋白酶及其产酶条件的研究，能够为白酒酿造生产提供科学理论指导。     

高产蛋白酶菌株的筛选及产酶条件优化

从山西临汾汾河滩涂的表层土壤中分离到22株产蛋白酶菌株,用检测蛋白酶产生水解圈和蛋白酶活性测定相结合的方法,从中筛选出一株高产蛋白酶菌株P5,并通过正交试验对其产酶条件进行了研究。结果表明,影响P5菌株发酵产酶因素的主次顺序为培养温度、接种量、培养时间;影响P5菌株发酵培养基组成因素的主次顺序为氮源含量、起始pH值、碳源含量;确定的P5菌株的最佳产酶条件为,在以30 g/L葡萄糖为碳源,50 g/L蛋白胨为氮源,起始pH7.0的最适产酶培养基中,培养温度35℃,接种量为8%的条件下发酵培养48 h,具有最大产酶量,其蛋白酶活力可达129.2 U/mL。     

内生黑曲霉产脂肪酶条件研究及其粗酶酶学特性

针对新疆酿酒葡萄中获得的1株产脂肪酶的内生黑曲霉菌株C2J6,研究了该菌株的产酶条件及酶学特性。结果表明,该菌适宜的产酶条件为1%的乳糖为碳源,1%的蛋白胨为氮源,培养基初始pH值为8.0,培养温度35℃,培养时间约72h,此时所产脂肪酶的活力可达18.75U/mL。该菌所产脂肪酶粗酶液的最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH值为7.0,为中温中性酶;在50℃保温1h酶活力保留54.55%,具有良好的热稳定性;在pH值3.0~7.0范围内较稳定,有一定的耐酸性。金属离子Mn2+对酶活力有促进作用,Zn2+、Fe2+、Cu2+对酶活力有抑制作用,K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+对酶活力影响不大。该酶在以葵花油和谷物调和油为底物时,酶活分别为228%和180%,明显高于橄榄油和油烟机废油。     

酒曲中高蛋白酶产生菌筛选及酶学性质研究

利用脱脂牛奶平板法从宋河酒曲中分离得到6株有明显水解圈的蛋白酶产生菌,其中水解圈直径与菌落直径之比最大为8.84,经鉴定为芽孢杆菌。以此菌种通过发酵培养提取出粗酶液,然后对该蛋白酶的酶学性质进行研究。试验表明,该蛋白酶的最适酶活力温度为40℃,在40℃～50℃热稳定性较好;该蛋白酶最适pH值为11.0,在pH值为9.0～11.0稳定性较好,在pH6.0条件下酶活力很快丧失;金属离子Fe2+对该蛋白酶有激活作用,Cu2+、Zn2+和Pb+有抑制作用,Mg2+、Ca2+和Li+对该蛋白酶酶活性影响不大。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press