植物乳杆菌LIP-1对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用

目的:探讨植物乳杆菌LIP-1的降血脂作用及其机理。方法:将24只雄性Wistar大鼠按体重分为正常对照组、高脂模型组及实验组,其中后两组给予高脂饲料喂养,并每日给上述3组分别灌胃0.9%生理盐水、脱脂乳和活菌制剂,28d后测定相关指标。结果:实验组血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和丙二醛含量明显低于高脂模型组(P<0.05),而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和血清的谷胱甘肽过氧化物活力明显高于高脂模型组(P<0.05);肝脏组织匀浆中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力明显高于高脂模型组(P<0.05),丙二醛含量明显低于高脂模型组(P<0.05),肝脏中的胆固醇含量明显低于高脂模型组(P<0.05),粪便中的胆固醇及短链脂肪酸含量明显高于高脂模型组(P<0.05)。结论:植物乳杆菌LIP-1对高脂血症大鼠有明显的降血脂作用,其作用机理涉及抗氧化作用在内的多种途径。     

两株乳酸菌对高脂模型大鼠的益生作用

为探究两株筛选自青藏高原传统发酵牦牛酸奶乳酸菌高脂模型大鼠体内的益生作用。通过前期体外实验发现,菌株BX-1是一株产胆盐水解酶的瑞士乳杆菌,而BX56是一株不产胆盐水解酶的罗伊氏乳杆菌。大鼠体内灌胃实验结果显示,灌胃瑞士乳杆菌BX-1能够显著降低大鼠血清和肝脏胆固醇及甘油三酯水平(P0.05),同时能够减少脂类物质在大鼠肝脏组织内的沉积,促进体内脂质的排泄,而灌胃罗伊氏乳杆菌BX56在大鼠体内降血脂的效果并不明显。结果表明瑞士乳杆菌BX-1具有良好降胆固醇效果,具有潜在的治疗高脂血症的作用。     

3株益生菌体外降胆固醇能力及体内降血脂效果评价

为探讨动物双歧杆菌LPL-RH、长双歧杆菌TTF及植物乳杆菌LPL-1作为降血脂益生菌的潜力,测定3株益生菌的体外胆固醇脱除率和胆盐水解酶活力,同时以益生菌灌胃高脂饮食大鼠6周后测定大鼠血脂含量变化。研究结果表明:菌株LPL-RH、TTF、LPL-1的体外胆固醇脱除率分别为23.8%、24.5%、20.9%,无显著差异(P0.05);且3株菌均有胆盐水解酶活性。菌株LPL-RH、TTF、LPL-1干预分别使高脂大鼠血清胆固醇含量分别降低17.3%、11.4%、10.1%;血清甘油三酯含量降低19.1%、16.8%、11.5%;血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量降低24.0%、20.0%、10.0%;血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量升高10.3%、5.2%和1.7%。综合而言,3株益生菌在体内对高脂饮食大鼠血脂有调节作用,均有开发为降血脂益生菌的潜力,其中动物双歧杆菌LPL-RH的体内降脂能力最为突出。     

植物乳杆菌发酵乳对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响

为了探讨植物乳杆菌发酵乳对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂代谢的调节作用,为功能性发酵乳制品开发提供实验参考。采用高脂饲料喂养法,诱导形成大鼠高脂血症模型,将造模成功大鼠随机分为3组:高脂模型组、发酵乳样品组和自然降脂组。高脂模型组继续饲喂高脂饲料作为对照,发酵乳样品组饲喂高脂饲料的同时灌胃植物乳杆菌发酵乳,自然降脂组改为饲喂基础饲料,4周后测定各组大鼠的血脂浓度。结果显示,发酵乳样品组及自然降脂组与高脂模型组相比较,大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)浓度显著下降(P0.01),血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度显著下降(P0.01),血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度升高(P0.05),表明发酵乳样品对高脂血症大鼠血脂具有显著改善作用,通过调节饮食结构,高脂血症大鼠血脂可自行恢复正常。     

植物乳杆菌L01对高脂血症大鼠的降胆固醇功效

研究植物乳杆菌L01对喂食高脂膳食的大鼠脂质代谢中的降胆固醇功效。SD大鼠被随机分成正常组、对照组、实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ。正常组喂食基础饲料,对照组喂食高脂饲料,实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ在喂食高脂饲料的基础上分别喂食低剂量(植物乳杆菌L01含量10~8 cfu/mL)和高剂量(植物乳杆菌L01含量10~(10) cfu/mL)的植物乳杆菌L01,饲养4周后测定相关指标。结果显示,正常组、对照组、实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ的SD大鼠的脏器指数差异不显著(P0.05),这说明植物乳杆菌L01对大鼠没有明显的毒副作用;实验组Ⅰ和实验组ⅡSD大鼠的TC、TG、LDL-C明显低于对照组(P0.05),HDL-C明显高于对照组(P0.05),说明植物乳杆菌L01对高脂血症大鼠有一定的降胆固醇作用;实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ的SD大鼠的胰岛素和瘦素水平较低,说明植物乳杆菌L01对胰岛素和瘦素水平的调节有重要影响,植物乳杆菌L01可能是通过调节瘦素水平和胰岛素水平控制了血脂水平调节,降低了血脂中的胆固醇水平。     

植物乳杆菌对大鼠体内血清胆固醇含量的影响

目的:探讨植物乳杆菌LpT1和LpT2对大鼠体内血清胆固醇含量的影响。方法:将高脂血症的大鼠随机分成4组,分别进行灌胃。A、B、C和D组分别灌胃菌株LpT1、菌株LpT2、洛伐他汀和蒸馏水。灌胃28 d后,断尾采血,分离血清,分别测定总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量。结果:饲喂高脂饲料7 d后,成功构建出高脂血症大鼠模型。植物乳杆菌菌株LpT1和阳性对照洛伐他汀降胆固醇效果极其显著(P0.01),菌株LpT2次之(P0.05),而阴性对照水几乎无降胆固醇效果。结论:本研究结果为明确植物乳杆菌体内降胆固醇机制奠定了良好基础。     

藏灵菇源克鲁维酵母菌M3调节大鼠肠道菌群平衡的研究

利用从藏灵菇中筛选出的发酵性能优良且产胆盐水解酶的马克斯克鲁维酵母菌M3菌株,制备冻干菌粉作为受试物进行动物实验,探讨其对预防性高胆固醇血症大鼠肠道菌群平衡的作用。采用预防高胆固醇血症大鼠模型,将40 只无特定病原体（specific pathogen free,SPF）级3 周龄的大鼠分为高脂模型组、低剂量、中剂量和高剂量实验组进行实验。实验组分别灌胃低、中、高剂量的受试物,高脂模型组灌胃蒸馏水,连续7 周。结果表明,前5 周4 组大鼠粪便中乳酸杆菌（lactobacilli）、沙门氏菌（Salmonella）、产气荚膜梭菌（Clostridium perfringens）的数量处于平缓变化状态,且3 个实验组与高脂模型组相比无显著性差异;5 周时,3 个实验组大鼠粪便中乳杆菌的数量极显著高于高脂模型组（P＜0.01）,沙门氏菌的数量极显著低于高脂模型组（P＜0.01）,产气荚膜梭菌的数量显著低于高脂模型组（P＜0.05）;其中低剂量组的乳杆菌数量最高而沙门氏菌和产气荚膜梭菌数量最低,说明低剂量实验组优于中、高剂量实验组。显示藏灵菇源克鲁维酵母菌M3能够调节高胆固醇血症大鼠肠道有益菌的生长,并抑制有害菌的繁殖,具有良好的调节肠道菌群平衡的效果。     

复合沙棘原液对高脂血症大鼠的降脂作用

目的:探究复合沙棘原液对高脂血症模型大鼠的降血脂作用的影响。方法:将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、高脂模型组、阳性对照组(洛伐他汀胶囊1.80 mg/kg·bw)、复合沙棘原液低(3.57 mL/kg·bw)、中(7.14 mL/kg·bw)、高(14.28 mL/kg·bw)剂量组,并通过高脂饲料喂养法构建高脂血症大鼠模型。空白对照组和高脂模型组灌胃等量生理盐水,实验组大鼠分别灌胃相应剂量的复合沙棘原液及洛伐他汀混悬液。给药28 d后,观察与分析各组大鼠的体重、Lee’s指数、血清血脂水平、抗氧化水平、肝脏指数及肝脏病理形态。结果:与空白对照组相比,高脂模型组大鼠体重、Lee’s指数均极显著升高(P<0.01),表明模型构建成功;阳性对照组、复合沙棘原液高剂量组与高脂模型组相比血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量均降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(h...     

空间诱变植物乳杆菌SS18-116对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响

为研究空间诱变植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum) SS18-116对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响,将48只SPF级大鼠随机分为对照组、高脂模型组、原始菌株GS18组和SS18-116组。除对照组外,其余各组饲喂高脂饲料8 w建立高脂血症模型,期间对照组和高脂模型组灌胃生理盐水,GS18和SS18-116组按照109 CFU/mL以3.0 mL/kg bw连续灌胃8 w。测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平,并计算动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)和抗动脉粥样硬化指数(AAI)。结果表明,高脂饲养8 w后,与高脂模型组和GS18组相比,SS18-116组大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C均显著降低(P<0.05),AI显著降低(P<0.05),而相较于高脂模型组AAI显著(P<0.05)升高。综上所述诱变植物乳杆菌SS18-116具有显著降低高脂血症大鼠血清胆固醇和甘油三酯的功效。     

降血脂鼠李糖乳杆菌的筛选及其对高脂模型地鼠血脂的影响

该实验旨在筛选出一株具有较强降血脂功能的乳杆菌。试验采用的菌株分离自健康婴儿肠道,通过邻苯二甲醛比色法测定菌株降胆固醇能力、单试剂法测定降甘油三酯能力,并测定了其对酸及胆盐的耐受性,从中筛选出具有降胆固醇和降甘油三酯功能较强的菌株进行16S rDNA鉴定。通过建立高血脂地鼠模型,研究菌株体内降血脂能力。结果表明,鼠李糖乳杆菌HCS01-013的降胆固醇和甘油三酯能力较强,其胆固醇降解率达到35.40%;甘油三酯降解率达到44.32%;在0.3%和1.5%的胆盐环境下培养17 h的存活率分别为99.67%和96.79%,在pH 3.0和pH 2.0环境下培养17 h后存活率能达到88.76%和71.34%;黄金地鼠喂养高脂饲料建立的高脂地鼠模型后,喂养鼠李糖乳杆菌HCS01-013各剂量组与喂养生理盐水的模型对照组相比甘油三酯含量均明显降低。鼠李糖乳杆菌HCS01-013具有一定的降血脂功能,且耐逆环境能力较强,为该菌株相关研究及产品研发提供理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the