人工培育蝉花虫草的抗肿瘤活性

以天然蝉花虫草生药为对照,以中国仓鼠卵巢肿瘤（Chinese hamster ovary,CHO）细胞株为模型,采用刃天青染色法检测人工培育蝉花虫草的抗肿瘤活性。结果表明：人工培育蝉花虫草和天然蝉花虫草生药都具有抗肿瘤活性,且活性成分均为中等极性化合物。对人工培育蝉花虫草中的抗肿瘤活性成分进行分离制备,得到两种化合物,命名为化合物1和化合物2。化合物1经鉴定为虫草素,化合物2经纯度验证为纯品,活性验证结果发现当其质量浓度为50 μg/mL时,对CHO细胞抑制率高达（94.55±2.33）%。     

马氏珍珠贝中核苷类成分的分离富集工艺研究

目的:对马氏珍珠贝中核苷类成分进行分离富集工艺研究,以期得到纯度较高的天然核苷。方法:以马氏珍珠贝水提醇沉液中的核苷类成分为指标,采用HPLC测定含量,对大孔树脂型号、上样工艺、洗脱工艺进行考察,采用UV对纯化部位的核苷类成分进行测定。结果:根据HPLC-UV所得结果,选定大孔树脂型号为SP207、上样浓度为2.19 mg/mL、上样pH为4.6、上样流速为2 BV/h,核苷最佳上样体积为25 mL,洗脱时水洗量为2 BV,洗脱溶剂选择15%乙醇,洗脱流速选择3 BV/h,洗脱体积选择为3 BV,径高比选择1:7。结论:经SP207纯化后,总核苷纯度为58.19%,表明该方法适用于分离富集马氏珍珠贝中的核苷类成分。     

蛹虫草及其培养基中主要核苷类成分的分析比较

采用高效液相色谱法测定虫草中的核苷类成分,优化后的色谱条件为YMC-Polyamine 柱(250mm × 4.6mm,5μm);采用梯度洗脱,流动相：乙腈- 水(V/V)：0～15min 为90:10,15～20min 为86.5:13.5,20～30min 为75:25,30～35min 为70:30;流速：1mL/min;柱温：30℃;检测波长：259nm;进样量：10μL。结果表明：胸腺嘧啶、虫草素、尿嘧啶、腺苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷、鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤均能得到较好分离,该方法稳定性好、精密度高、重现性好,适用于虫草中的核苷类成分的分析。经分析发现,蛹虫草子实体核苷类物质组成大致相似,但含量差异非常显著,同时发现蛹虫草培养基残基及固体发酵产物中虫草素含量较高,其他核苷类成分很少,因此认定蛹虫草培养基残基及固体发酵产物是非常优良的分离纯化虫草素的原料。     

蛹虫草中新化合物的分离纯化、结构鉴定及抗肿瘤活性

采用C18和C18-HCE高效制备型液相色谱柱联用技术，对蛹虫草中的核苷类化合物进行分离制备，得到腺苷、虫草素、化合物I和化合物II，运用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱、核磁共振波谱进行结构鉴定，并通过MTT法比较虫草素、化合物I和化合物II对HepG2肝癌细胞的影响。结果表明：C18-HCE色谱柱能有效改善极性化合物的保留和选择性，利于核苷类物质的分离纯化；腺苷、虫草素、化合物I、化合物II的纯度和得率分别为90.49%、98.11%、96.34%、98.33%和0.053%、0.253%、0.368%、0.231%；经鉴定，化合物II是一种全新的物质，与化合物I结构类似，均为氨基酸及其衍生物取代的核苷类物质。抗肿瘤活性实验发现，各组分均能显著抑制HepG2肝癌细胞的增殖，作用效果顺序依次为：化合物I＞虫草素＞化合物II。     

北虫草培养残基中虫草素的提取纯化及抗肿瘤活性

以北虫草固体培养残基为实验材料,比较闪式提取、超声波提取和超高压提取培养残基中虫草素的效果,用陶瓷膜过滤提取液,获得虫草素粗提液,利用高速逆流色谱分离制备虫草素,通过LC-MS/MS对产物结构进行鉴定,并验证了虫草素对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用。结果显示,超高压提取培养基中虫草素较好,高速逆流色谱分离纯化条件是以V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(正丁醇)∶V(水)=2∶3∶5的两相溶剂系统,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,流速3.0 m L/min,主机转速900 r/min,分离温度28℃,以此分离条件经一步洗脱,高速逆流色谱收集馏分,其中峰Ⅲ产物经HPLC检测纯度达97.6%,结构经LC-MS/MS鉴定为虫草素。从100 g北虫草培养残基中可制备得虫草素181.90mg,并对其活性验证发现剂量为100 mg/kg时小鼠S180肉瘤瘤重抑制率为64.48%。     

超声波提取HPLC-UV法测定人工蛹虫草中8种核苷类物质

蛹虫草中核苷及其代谢化合物的分析检测对于蛹虫草的生理和药理研究是非常重要的。该文采用超声波辅助提取HPLC-UV法,以反相DIAMONSIL C1(8250mm×460mm,5μm)为色谱柱,以水(含0.1%乙酸)和甲醇混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,同时测定了人工蛹虫草中的尿嘧啶、次黄嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、肌苷、鸟苷、腺苷和虫草素等8种化合物。结果表明,超声波提取的最优条件为提取溶剂为甲醇,提取温度25℃,提取时间15min,超声功率100W,料液比1:100,在最优的超声提取和色谱分离条件下,8种核苷类化合物在检测范围内的线性关系较好(r2>0.9995),检出限和定量限最低可达到16.9ng/mL和56.4ng/mL,日内和日间精密度(RSD)分别小于4.1%和4.6%,加样回收率为81.9%~93.7%。此法可用于冬虫夏草及其代用品中核苷类化合物的分析检测。     

蝉花菌质主要营养成分和活性成分分析

蝉花是寄生在蝉幼虫上的一种虫草菌,蝉花菌质是指由蝉花的营养菌丝和经发酵的培养基质组成的营养物质。通过对蝉花菌质营养成分和活性成分的研究和分析,结果表明:蝉花菌质蛋白含量为16.17%、总糖含量为38.87%、脂肪酸含量为1.43%,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达1.18%。通过对蝉花菌质氨基酸的分析,在FAO/WHO的评分模式中,其第一限制氨基酸是赖氨酸。蝉花菌质VE和VC的含量分别达1 833mg/kg和239mg/kg。此外,蝉花菌质中还有腺苷、甘露醇等虫草类真菌的活性成分。该研究结果为蝉花菌质的进一步开放利用奠定了理论基础。     

应用高速逆流色谱分离纯化芦荟苷

利用高速逆流色谱对芦荟中的蒽醌类活性成分芦荟苷进行了制备型分离研究。溶剂系统:氯仿-正丁醇-甲醇-水(4:0.28:3:2,V/V),上相为固定相,下相为流动相,转速870r/min,流速2mL/min。经TLC和HPLC分析,分离组分芦荟苷A和B的纯度分别达到96%和93%。     

大豆卵磷脂中二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱的分离纯化

以大豆粉末磷脂为原料,采用95%乙醇溶液提纯得到卵磷脂,再采用反相制备色谱系统分离纯化得到二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱（DLPC）。探讨了洗脱剂种类、洗脱流速、上样量对分离纯化DLPC的影响。结果表明：以甲醇溶液作为洗脱剂进行洗脱时,在甲醇体积分数95%、洗脱流速28 mL/min、上样量0.5 g（以40 g C18柱填充材料为基准）时,DLPC纯度可达91.2%,得率为21.5%;以乙醇溶液作为洗脱剂进行洗脱时,在乙醇体积分数80%、洗脱流速28 mL/min、上样量0.75 g（以40 g C18柱填充材料为基准）时, DLPC纯度可达92.6%,得率为20.1%。从DLPC的纯度考虑,以乙醇溶液作为洗脱剂优于甲醇溶液。     

黄灯笼椒中高纯度辣椒碱类化合物的制备研究

以辣椒油树脂为原料,研究树脂分离与结晶条件对辣椒碱类化合物纯度的影响。结果表明:NKA-Ⅱ大孔树脂对辣椒油树脂的分离效果最好,最佳吸附条件为:样品浓度4.0mg/mL,pH7,上样流速2.5mL/min;最佳洗脱条件为:洗脱剂90%乙醇,pH4,洗脱流速2.0mL/min。NKA-Ⅱ树脂分离辣椒油树脂后,经石油醚、乙醚两次萃取,得到辣椒碱类化合物粗品,用石油醚溶解,配成浓度为20mg/mL的溶液,在-5℃条件下重结晶3.0h,得到纯度为92.46%的辣椒碱类化合物。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the