食品中生物胺含量及生物胺氧化酶的研究进展

生物胺是一类具有潜在毒性的生物活性物质,在食品中广泛存在。生物胺氧化酶是广泛存在于动植物、微生物体内的,能够将已生成的生物胺分解成相应的醛、氨气和过氧化氢的一类酶,该类酶在降解食品中生物胺方面具有良好的应用前景。本文将从食品中生物胺含量以及生物胺氧化酶的分类、影响因素、产生菌株、降解特性等方面进行综述。     

豆瓣酱中生物胺研究进展

生物胺是一类含氮低分子量有机碱,其在食品中主要通过微生物分泌的氨基酸脱羧酶使得相应的氨基酸脱羧形成。生物胺具有潜在的毒性,其已成为威胁食品安全的重要因素。豆瓣酱生产受限于历史惯性和技术因素的影响,其发酵体系为混菌发酵,使得其存在较大的生物胺风险。文章详细综述了生物胺的形成机制、危害、豆瓣酱中生物胺的产生条件、影响因素以及调控方法,以期为豆瓣酱中生物胺的深入研究提供参考。     

发酵肉制品中生物胺的危害及控制

发酵肉制品中的生物胺是由微生物中的酶对游离氨基酸发生脱羧作用而形成,生物胺种类复杂,并易在人体内积累产生毒性,本文综述了生物胺的特点、毒性、产生物胺微生物的种类及发酵肉制品中生物胺的控制因素(原料肉的控制、优良发酵剂的开发、生产工艺条件的控制等),目的是为了控制发酵肉中生物胺含量,确保发酵肉制品安全。     

发酵肉制品中生物胺研究进展

生物胺是一类含氮碱性有机化合物,食品中生物胺主要来源于游离氨基酸被微生物产生的脱羧酶脱羧形成。往往在食品腐烂或发酵过程中产生。由于其潜在的毒性和作为食品腐败变质的标志而被广泛研究。本文综述了发酵肉制品中产生物胺微生物种类及影响因素。目的是为了控制发酵肉中生物胺含量,确保发酵肉制品安全。     

发酵食品中生物胺的形成、检测及其防控策略的研究进展

作为一类具有生物活性、含氮低分子质量有机碱性化合物,生物胺广泛存在于奶酪、酱油、鱼露等发酵食品中,但其摄入过量会引起呼吸困难、呕吐和发烧等过敏反应,已然成为影响食品品质和安全的重要因素。然而,在发酵食品加工过程中,由于微生物、化学和物理等条件的影响,导致生物胺的产生难以杜绝或抑制,进而引发严重的食品安全问题。因此,该文在详尽阐明发酵食品中生物胺的形成机制及其影响因素的基础上,重点阐述生物胺检测方法及其防控策略的最新研究进展,以期为发酵食品中生物胺的高效分析和有效控制提供理论基础。     

鱼露中生物胺的研究进展

生物胺是广泛存在于食品和饮料当中的一种基础含氮化合物,是氨基酸在微生物氨基酸脱羧酶催化下脱羧反应的产物,人体摄入过多会导致许多不良的生理反应。鱼露是日粮蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素和矿物质的良好来源,是我国沿海地区很受欢迎的调味品,有研究认为鱼露中含有大量的生物胺,应对该类产品的安全性给予足够重视。了解生物胺的形成原因和调控机理,才能有效地控制鱼露生产过程中生物胺的形成和积累。本文综述了鱼露产品中存在的生物胺的种类和含量、产生原因与调控机理、生物胺的毒性作用以及影响生物胺积累的重要因素,并提出了减少鱼露产品中生物胺积累的方法。     

腐乳中生物胺的产生及其控制研究进展

生物胺是一类广泛存在于食品中的具有生物活性的含氮低分子有机碱,主要通过微生物分泌的氨基酸脱羧酶作用于对应的氨基酸而产生,具有潜在的毒性。腐乳生产过程中,半开放式的发酵环境使其存在生物胺含量过高的风险,会对人体健康产生威胁。该文主要总结各地不同腐乳中的生物胺存在情况,并介绍腐乳中生物胺的产生机制以及现有的控制方法,提出在发酵过程中通过调整汤汁的NaCl和乙醇含量以减少生物胺的产生,以期为降低腐乳中生物胺含量,提高腐乳的安全性提供参考。     

肉制品中生物胺产生与控制研究进展

生物胺是一类小分子量含氮化合物,通常存在于蛋白质或氨基酸含量丰富的肉制品等食物中。肉制品中生物胺含量过高,会导致食物中毒的发生。本文对生物胺的毒性作用、肉制品中生物胺的分布、产生条件与控制、生物胺的检测方法等进行了综述,并提出关于我国传统肉制品中生物胺含量控制研究的建议。     

传统发酵肉制品中生物胺形成机理及检测控制技术

生物胺是动植物和多数微生物体内正常的生理成分,过量生物胺则会对人体健康产生潜在的安全隐患.国内外对于肉制品中生物胺的产生机制进行了大量的研究.本文综述传统发酵肉制品中生物胺产生积累的机理条件、与生物胺积累有关的微生物以及相关生物控制方法等方面的研究进展,以期寻找生物胺形成积累的原因,为研究探索传统中式发酵肉制品中生物胺的控制方法提供参考,有效降低食品安全风险.     

发酵食品中的生物胺问题及其控制措施探讨

发酵食品中的生物胺主要来源于氨基酸的脱羧作用,过量的生物胺不仅严重影响了食品的风味和营养,还会对人体有毒害作用。对发酵食品中生物胺的来源、生理和毒性作用进行阐述,并对生物胺的控制提出了建议。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the