化学液气相渗透致密快速制备炭/炭复合材料(英)

探索了一种的炭／炭制备方法快速化学液气相渗透致密（ Ｃ Ｌ Ｖ Ｄ）,沉积时间３ ｈ 内可获得密度达１．７４ ｇ／ｃｍ ３ 的炭／炭材料。预制体为环形炭毡制件（１６０ ｍ ｍ ×８０ ｍ ｍ ×１０ ｍ ｍ ）,以液态低分子有机物（ Ｃ Ｙ Ｈ 和 Ｋ Ｅ Ｅ）作炭源前躯体,将预制体浸泡在液体炭源前驱体中,利用辐射加热,在预制体范围内造成由内而外的温度梯度。研究表明,在９００℃～１ １００℃沉积温度范围内,炭纤维表面最大沉积速率为 ６４ μｍ ／ｈ ,比等温 Ｃ Ｖ Ｉ的沉积速率 （０．１ μｍ ／ｈ～０．２５ μｍ ／ｈ）快２ 个数量级以上。同时,分析并提出了该方法快速致密多孔预制体的机理。     

快速致密化制备C/C复合材料的新发展

综述了炭/炭复合材料致密化制备技术、影响因素及热解炭的组织与沉积机理,介绍了国际上炭/炭复合材料快速致密的新动向.快速低成本炭/炭复合材料制造技术在竞相发展.     

CLVI技术制备炭/炭复合材料

利用化学液气相沉积工艺以煤油为前驱体,采用密度为0.4g/cm3的针刺炭纤维毡为预制体,10h内制备了壁厚为40mm,密度沿径向均匀分布,密度达1.70g/cm3的炭/炭复合材料盘形件.同时还阐明了用于制备炭/炭复合材料的化学液气相沉积工艺原理及工艺过程,利用偏光显微镜观察所得材料的微观组织结构属光滑层结构的热解炭.     

CLVD法制备炭毡/炭复合材料

用化学液气相沉积(CLVD)法制务炭毡／炭复合材料，用电镜扫描（SEM）观察了材料的微观结构，并分析了预制件内部温度梯度的建立过程，结果表明：该法制备的炭毡／炭复合材料致密均匀、结构理想，其预制体内部温度梯度的大小与前驱体的沸点有关。     

炭/炭复合材料新型热梯度制备工艺

对传统的热梯度化学气相渗透工艺进行了改进.把高热导率(55W/(m·℃))的48k炭纤维束穿入针刺炭毡预制体中心.利用炭纤维束和炭毡预制体热导率(0.15W/(m·℃))的差异,在预制体内部产生热梯度.在900℃～1200℃下,天然气首先在预制体中心的48k炭纤维处热解,致密化沿径向由中心向外部推进,67 h后材料的密度达1.778 g/cm3.研究了炉内输入电压、电阻、致密化时间、沉积层位置等工艺参数对材料性能的影响.通过偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了基体热解碳的微观结构,并对炭纤维体积含量为10%的炭/炭试样进行了烧蚀性能测试.     

化学液气相沉积C/C复合材料研究进展

化学液气相沉积技术是目前最快的C/C复合材料的制备工艺,它的致密化速度是传统等温化学气相沉积工艺的100倍.本文阐述化学液气相沉积工艺的优越性和用于制备C/C复合材料的工艺原理;讨论化学液气相沉积热解炭的微观组织结构和工艺的计算机数值模拟的研究进展,最后展望化学液气相致密化技术的发展和应用前景.     

碳/碳复合材料快速CVI致密化技术研究进展

综述了快速化学气相渗透技术在国内外的研究现状,指出并分析了应着重解决的一些问题与不足。简要概述了几种快速致密化技术的模拟研究进展。     

多元耦合场CVI法快速致密化炭/炭复合材料研究

以液化石油气为碳源气体,采用多元耦合场CVI工艺方法快速制备了炭/炭复合材料.在自制冷壁CVI炉中,使用普通炭毡作为炭纤维预制体,设置特殊的导电发热层,沉积温度为650～1050℃,系统的气氛压力为0.1～30kPa,流量为0.1～0.5m3/h,沉积时间12h的条件下可将预制体一次性快速增密至1.75g/cm3.XRD分析表明:该材料经过2300℃,2h高温石墨化处理,其石墨化度(g)可达到61.3%,晶粒尺寸达到16.1nm.PLM分析表明所得材料偏光形貌表现为光滑层(SL)结构,SEM形貌照片测算可知热解炭沉积速率在6.6μm/h以上.分析了炭/炭致密化的过程和热解炭的沉积机理,说明多元耦合场加速了热解炭的沉积,缩短了致密化时间,降低了成本.     

LTCVI工艺中的致密化效率研究

强制流动热梯度CVI（FCVI）技术综合了热梯度CVI与等温压力梯度CVI的优点,它的最主要特点是致密化迅速,周期短,根据FCVI的原理特点,经进一步改进工艺方法,提出了限域变温强度流动CVI（LTCVI）工艺并申请专利,本文主要从预制体结构方面研究了LTCVI工艺中致密化效率评价方法,提出了提高致密化效率的基本原则,并从理论和实验两方面进行解释说明。     

碳纳米管阵列/热解炭复合材料的制备和表征（英文）

以甲烷为碳源,通过化学气相沉积和化学蒸汽渗透两步法将热解炭填充至碳纳米管阵列间的空隙而制备出碳纳米管阵列/热解炭复合材料。采用扫描电镜和拉曼光谱仪对样品的结构进行表征。结果表明,碳纳米管被热解炭填充和覆盖形成均相的复合膜,其密度增加4倍,同时热解炭已石墨化。     

FCVI制备C/C复合材料工艺探索

强制流动热梯度化学气相渗透（ＦＣＶＩ）作为一种制备碳基与陶瓷基复合材料的新工艺，克服了传统ＣＶＩ中气体扩散传输与预制体渗透性的限制，可在短时间内制备出密度均匀、性能优良的制件，已受到日益广泛的关注，本文采用化学反应动力学原理分析ＦＣＶＩ的工艺过程，从理论上论述了在ＦＣＶＩ的各阶段中实现均匀沉积和分层沉积的可能性。     

活性填料在先驱体转化法纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料中的应用 Ⅰ.复合材料的致密化模型

在先驱体转化陶瓷基复合材料的制备中,坯体在裂解前后的体积发生变化。引入体系体积收缩率参数,对单一先驱体转化纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料致密化模型进行了修正。同时,分别对含惰性填料和/或活性填料的先驱体浆料浸渍-裂解纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料致密化进行了模型分析。从理论上揭示了复合材料的浸渍-裂解周期与材料的理论密度和理论孔隙率之间的关系。当先驱体浆料中含有活性填料时,复合材料的理论密度和理论孔隙率与活性填料的反应陶瓷产率、反应密度比、体积收缩率有密切的数学关系。在先驱体中引入活性填料比引入惰性填料能更为有效地提高材料的密度,降低材料的孔隙率。     

热模压辅助先驱体浸渍裂解制备Cf/SiC复合材料研究

以聚碳硅烷为先驱体,采用热模压辅助先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备3D-B C_f/SiC复合材料,研究了热模压辅助对3D-B C_f/SiC复合材料致密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明:先驱体浸渍裂解制备陶瓷基复合材料第一次浸渍后引入高温热模压工艺可以改善材料微观结构,显著提高材料的致密度和力学性能。其中1600℃,10MPa,1h下热模压辅助先驱体浸渍裂解6次制备的3D-B C_f/SiC复合材料的密度为1.79g/cm3,弯曲强度高达672MPa,断裂韧性达18.9MPa·m1/2,剪切强度接近50MPa,且具有较好的抗热震性和高温抗氧化性。     

碳源对CVI炭/炭复合材料致密和结构的影响

采用自行设计的化学气相渗(CVI)炉以炭毡作为纤维增强体,在坯体内部设计特殊的导电发热层,使坯体内部的温度场、气体反应的中间产物浓度场、电磁场等多元物理场实现耦合,进而达到坯体的快速增密。研究了沉积温度为800℃～1000℃,系统压力0.1kPa～15.0kPa条件下,分别使用石油液化气和丙烯作碳源时对增密速度和沉积热解炭结构的影响;借助偏光显微镜考察了沉积炭的组织结构;用X射线衍射表征了C/C复合材料的石墨化度和微晶尺寸。研究表明:初始密度为0.2g/cm3,尺寸为260mm×60mm×20mm的炭毡坯体沉积20h,经过工艺优化,石油液化气可使坯体增密到1.7g/cm3以上,丙烯可使坯体增密到1.6g/cm3以上;两种碳源沉积所获材料的晶体有序度均随沉积温度的升高和系统压力的降低而升高,其中石油液化气在较高温度(990℃)、较低压力(0.1kPa)下能沉积出织构更高的结构一致的粗糙层结构热解炭;说明不同活化能的复合碳源气体可以发挥与其他物理场梯度的协同耦合作用,有利于提高沉积速度和热解炭的织构。     

A study of the wide ferroelectric phase in mixtures of chiral and non-chiral tilted smectic C-type liquid crystals

A new liquid crystal of a siloxane dimer with an achiral swallow-tail, C11Si2C11, D, was synthesized and mixed with a chiral material as a chiral dopant, 4′-[11-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptamethyltrisiloxanyl)undecyloxy]biphenyl-4-carboxylate, C11Si3, C, to prepare binary mixtures for this study. All mixtures possess the ferroelectric chiral smectic C phase over a broad temperature range. For respect compound C11Si3, the temperature range of the SmC* phase was only 72.6 °C, and was increased upon the addition of dimer C11Si2C11. The electro-optical properties of the SmC* phase, such as tilt angle, dielectric permittivity and switching behavior were also measured. It appeared that the mixtures had a similar viscosity, but the switching time was decreased due to the larger P_s, which was caused by an increased proportion of C11Si3. Therefore, the mixtures revealed a similar tilt angle at around 37.5° at temperatures within their respective mesophase temperature ranges. As a consequence, the correlation between the electro-optical properties and mixture proportion was determined.     

HF CVD diamond nucleation and growth on polycrystalline copper: A kinetic study

This paper reports on the kinetics of diamond nucleation and growth on polycrystalline copper investigated by in situ Auger Electron Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Copper is a reference substrate to study the diamond nucleation from graphite. The substrate is first treated with diamond paste. However the diamond seeds let on the surface by the pre-treatment are almost completely transformed into graphite. The nucleation of CVD diamond can be well described in the framework of carbon phase transformations. Diamond seeds deposited on the substrate are first transformed into graphitic layers. A process occurring on the edges site of graphite is subsequently postulated, in agreement with the Lambrecht model.     

Advanced biomaterials in hip joint arthroplasty. A review on polymer and ceramics composites as alternative bearings

Wear of total hip prosthesis is a significant clinical problem that nowadays involves a growing number of patients. To acquire further knowledge on the tribological phenomena that involve hip prosthesis, wear tests are conducted on new biomaterials to increase materials life in orthopaedic implants. Advances in biomaterials for biomedical purposes have enhanced in the last years evolving in new improved ceramic and polymeric materials producing the so-called composite materials.This paper aims to review the evolution and the current state of the art of the ceramics composites and polymers commonly used in orthopaedic field as hip joint implants. This is specified through a schematic overview by describing, in particular, the evolution of various composites materials. The authors propose commentary on the evolution and current use of biomaterials for orthopaedic application on the evolution and actually used biomaterials for orthopaedic applications.     

A System of Process Models for Estimating Parameters of Continuous Casting Using Near Solidus Properties of Steel

The quality of a continuously cast product depends on the process condition, which, in turn, depends on process parameters. To be able to set the correct parameter values, it is important that behavior of the steel being cast under different casting conditions is well understood. This will need the knowledge of the mechanical behavior of steels at temperatures near the solidus. This paper presents, in detail, how these properties were modeled as a function of steel grade, temperature, and stresses that arise during casting. These models have been used to develop an integrated system that is capable of simulating various process conditions that may be encountered during continuous casting. The details of how these models were developed, verified, and used to develop the integrated system are presented in this paper.