基于提升Directionlet域高斯混合尺度模型的SAR图像噪声抑制

提出了一种新的SAR图像相干斑噪声抑制方法.该方法将高斯混合尺度（GSM）模型引入Directionlet变换域,构造了基于提升Directionlet分解系数的邻域模型,并利用Bayes最小均方估计进行局部去噪.作为一种新的多尺度几何分析工具,Directionlets通过多方向选择来捕捉图像中各向异性特征,滤波器结构为可分离设计;采用提升方案进一步减小变换的运算量.文中对相邻位置和尺度的系数建立GSM模型,能较好地描述系数的边缘分布,充分体现邻域间系数的相关性.对大量真实SAR图像的去噪实验表明,文中方法取得了比空域滤波及小波方法更优的去噪性能,同时在图像边缘等细节特征保持方面具有明显优势.     

基于平稳小波变换邻域系数萎缩的图像去噪法

为消除图像去噪过程中普遍存在的边缘失真,先利用Canny边缘检测算子提取含噪图像的边缘特征,使边缘图像的像素点和含噪图像的像素点一一对应,将含噪图像中边缘像素点的值设零,再将得到的去掉边缘信息的含噪图像进行二维离散平稳小波变换,对小波系数采用基于邻域的方法进行系数萎缩.该算法充分考虑了平稳小波系数的邻域性质,对处理后的小波系数进行平稳小波反变换得到平滑去噪图像,最后将边缘图像嵌入平滑图像中得到去噪后的图像.该算法能够在去除噪声的同时较好地保护图像的边缘,是一种有效的图像去噪法.     

基于非局部自相似的Shearlet自适应收缩图像去噪

针对Shearlet收缩去噪引入的Gibbs伪影和"裂痕"现象,提出一种结合非局部自相似的Shearlet自适应收缩图像去噪方法.首先,对噪声图像进行多方向多尺度的Shearlet分解;然后,基于高斯比例混合(GSM)模型的Shearlet系数分布建模,利用贝叶斯最小二乘估计对Shearlet系数进行自适应收缩去噪,重构得到初始去噪图像;最后,利用非局域自相似模型对初始去噪图像进行滤波处理,得到最终的去噪图像.实验结果表明,所提方法在更好地保留边缘特征的同时,有效地去除噪声和收缩去噪引入的Gibbs伪影,该方法获得的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构自相似指标(SSIM)比基于非抽样剪切波变换(NSST)的硬阈值去噪方法提高1.41 dB和0.08;比非抽样Shearlet域GSM模型去噪方法提高1.04 dB和0.045;比基于三变量模型的剪切波去噪方法提高0.64 dB和0.025.     

基于方向波域混合高斯模型的SAR图像去噪

为了解决传统去噪方法处理SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)图像存在的失真、图像边缘模糊等问题,提出一种新的去噪算法。首先对经过对数变换后的SAR图像进行方向小波变换,并对无噪图像的方向小波系数建立混合高斯模型,再用矩估计法对其进行参数估计,最后通过贝叶斯滤波器去除噪声。实验结果表明,该算法可以得到较好的去噪效果,并且有效地解决传统去噪算法在图像失真、边缘模糊等问题存在的不足。     

复数Curvelet 变换域复数高斯尺度混合图像降噪

提出了一种基于复数Curvelet 变换域复数高斯尺度混合（CGSM）模型的图像去噪方法．指出Curvelet 变换重构图像存在“划痕”和“嵌入污点”的主要原因是Curvelet 变换域存在频谱混叠,为此,采用复数小波变换和 改进的Radon 变换分别代替原Curvelet 变换中的实小波变换和Radon 变换．构造了具有抗混叠性能的复数Curvelet 变换．本文同时把高斯尺度混合（GSM）模型扩展到复小波域,形成对复小波系数的幅值和相位信息具有有效捕捉 能力的复数GSM 模型,并在复数Curvelet 变换域,采用贝叶斯最小平方（BLS）估计器对CGSM 模型下含噪复系数 进行有效估计,从而实现降噪．实验结果表明,无论是用PSNR 指标评估,还是在视觉效果上,本文方法的去噪性能 均好于传统Curvelet 去噪、Curvelet 域HMT 去噪和小波域BLS-GSM 去噪．本文方法在有效去噪的同时,具有很好 的图像边缘和细节保护能力．     

基于NSCT域自适应缩减原理的SAR图像去噪

根据SAR图像在NSCT变换域中高频子带系数的现实分布特性,提出一种自适应缩减原理的SAR图像去噪方法,使分解后的高频子带系数中代表噪声的系数得到有效抑制,而代表边缘细节的系数得到完美保护,经NSCT反变换后得到较理想的去噪图像,实测SAR图像的去噪结果表明该方法在减少噪声的同时很好地保持了图像的细节,实验证明该方案比原有的去噪方法具有更好的边缘保持性能和后向散射系数保持性能.     

基于特征提取的SAR图像滤波算法

针对SAR图像所包含的地物目标比较复杂的特点,提出一种新的SAR图像滤波算法.该算法利用Contourlet变换能保持边界.结合特征提取可以获得区域目标点特征的特点,利用自适应阈值的方法对SAR图像进行滤波.与传统Lee滤波和保持边缘特征滤波算法进行比较,实验表明新的算法不仅提高了图像的质量.其量化指标也得到了提高.作为该算法的应用.利用变换域内低频图像和子带图像的融合规则对L和C两个波段的SAR图像进行去噪融合,可以看出该算法的去噪效果.     

基于对偶树复小波域图像融合的SAR图像去噪

边缘信息是图像重要的细节信息,保护图像的边缘信息对提高图像质量非常重要.但是在图像去噪的过程中,往往会破坏图像的边缘信息.针对去除噪声和保护边缘信息的双重考虑,提出一种基于对偶树复小波域图像融合的SAR图像阈值去噪.考虑到局部硬阈值和软阈值各自的特点,利用对偶树复小波变换的优点和图像融合的特点,首先在自然对数域对SAR图像进行对偶树复小波分解,然后对小波系数分别执行局部硬阈值去噪和局部软阈值去噪,最后依次通过图像融合,对偶树复小波反变换,指数变换得到去噪以后的图像.实验结果表明,算法融合了两种周值去噪方法的优点,在明显去噪的同时,更好地保护了图像的边缘信息.     

一种新的非下采样Contourlet域图像去噪算法

作为新型高维奇异性分析工具,非下采样轮廓(Nonsubsampled Contourlet)变换不仅克服了小波(Wavelet)变换的非奇异性最优基缺点,而且提供了优于轮廓(Contourlet)变换的平移不变性.以性能优越的非下采样轮廓变换为基础,提出了一种新的图像去噪方法.该方法首先对图像进行非下采样轮廓变换,以得到不同尺度、不同方向上的变换系数;然后结合噪声分布特点确定多尺度阈值,并依此阚值对高频系数进行去噪处理;最后对去噪处理后的变换系数进行反变换,以得到去噪图像.仿真实验结果表明,该方法不仅拥有较强的抑制噪声的能力,而且具有较好的边缘保护能力,同时消除了图像边缘附近的伪吉布斯(Gibbs)现象,整体性能优于小波变换图像去噪和轮廓变换图像去噪方法.     

基于提升Directionlet变换的零块嵌入图像编码算法

提出一种新的基于提升Directionlet变换的图像压缩算法, 能有效捕捉图像中的多方向各向异性特征, 并具备格形可分离的滤波和采样结构. 利用四叉树分块寻找局部最优的变换方向, 针对Directionlet变换系数分布构造了块集合分裂嵌入编码, 并通过改进链表排序方式和设计新的上下文算术编码器, 进一步提高压缩性能. 仿真实验结果表明, 与基于原始Directionlet变换的压缩算法和基于小波变换的SPECK, SPIHT, JPEG 2000等经典算法相比, 本文算法在性能参数和视觉效果方面均有较大提高, 且在低比特率下仍能较完整地保留图像中的边缘和细节信息.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.