填料塔基础理论研究新进展

规整填料塔具有效率高、压降低、放大效应不明显等优点,其成功应用有赖于对二相流动与传质的深入认识。文中综述了规整填料塔内的气液二相流动与分布、返混、气液二相在常压和高压下的传质特性、M arangon i效应以及计算流体力学(CFD)在规整填料塔中的应用等方面的国内外研究进展。填料塔内液体的分布与返混的研究较多,气相的流动分布与返混特性的研究较少,高压传质、M arangon i效应,特别是利用计算流体力学(CFD)模拟填料塔内的液体流动与传质等已逐渐成为研究的热点。     

复合板网填料性能研究

对一种新型的金属复合板网填料进行了研究,它是由三层板网贴合为复合基材后加工成波纹填料。在500冷模实验塔内对250Y型填料的测试结果表明复合板网填料具有显著的性能优势。三层复合板网填料的压降比常用的金属板波纹填料低60%以上,通量大20%～40%。氧解吸实验结果表明三层复合板网填料的分离效率明显高于单层板网填料,尤其在液气比低的工况下,效率可以倍增,和广泛应用的金属Mellapac填料相比,复合板网填料的分离效率能高30%左右。     

Experimental and numerical study of mass transfer efficiency in new wire gauze with high capacity structured packing

ABSTRACT

Experimental and numerical studies were conducted on the mass transfer efficiency of new wire gauze structured packing. For serving this purpose, various operational conditions were studied to assess the optimal parameters such as HETP of PACK-2100 in the distillation column. The results indicate that the HETP values are enhanced in comparison to conventional ones. In addition, the HETP slowly increases from 4 to 6 cm as mass flow rates of air and liquid flow are increased. The numerical simulations were also performed to describe the performance of the PACK-2100. The Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase approach is applied to calculate the value of HETP and pressure drop. The computational results confirmed that our experimental results. The average relative error between CFD predictions and the experimental data for the prediction of mass transfer efficiency is 20.45%.     

Computational Fluid Dynamics Characterization of High-Capacity Structured Packing

The novel wire gauze structured packing, PACK-860, was characterized by means of numerical methods. The main features of PACK-860 such as height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) and dry/wet pressure drop were evaluated. The flow structure in this packing was described by numerical simulation. To estimate the amount of HETP and dry/wet pressure drop, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D CFD) modeling with the Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase approach was applied. The average relative errors between the results obtained from CFD simulation and experimental findings for mass transfer efficiency and wet and dry pressure drop were assessed. Numerical observations were found to agree well with the empirical results, proving the reliability of CFD simulations for modeling separation processes.     

小波纹齿角梯形规整填料实验研究

规整填料在过程工业中得到广泛的应用,但近年来性能改进不大,因此它的强化研究具有重要意义。文中在1套全自动的50 mm内径的精馏塔内,用乙醇-正丙醇体系对小波纹齿角梯形规整填料的流体力学和传质性能进行了研究,并与相同比表面积的Mellapak填料进行了比较。实验表明,小波纹齿角梯形规整填料单位床层压降可减小30%,同时传质效率提高了16%。小齿角梯形规整填料综合性能优良,是一种有广泛应用前景的新型波纹规整填料。     

填料塔气液并流接触时压降的研究

以内径72 mm的玻璃吸收塔为主体,分别采用Mellapack-250X型金属孔板波纹规整填料以及Dg16塑料阶梯环散堆填料作为传质媒介。以水-SO2作为研究体系,结合气液逆流接触吸收试验对比分析气液并流接触时填料层压降的情况,并分别考察了气相动能因子F和液气比L/V对填料吸收塔气液并流接触时填料层压降的影响。填料层压降随着气相动能因子F的增大呈指数型增长,随着液气比的增加而升高,并流操作时的影响相对逆流操作时变化幅度较小。通过试验结果拟合出相应压降的关联式,为进一步的工艺设计与优化提供相关依据与理论指导。     

规整填料内置隔板边长对压降及传质的影响

传质发生在规整填料表面,通道内气体间相互碰撞形成的涡流在一定程度上强化传质,但消耗大量能量,压降升高。为减小压降,在每个传质单元中非波谷区加入隔板得到新型规整填料Mon-JKB-250Y。CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics计算机流体力学）模拟发现,增大隔板边长,压降减小、气相总传质效率增大、单位压降下的传质系数先增大后减小,存在一个最适宜隔板边长。在F=1.2~2.7 m·s^-1·（kg·m^-3）^0.5范围内,隔板边长为14.7~16.8 mm时,单位压降下的传质系数达到最大。运用显色化学反应可视化技术验证CFD模拟结果,平均相对误差小于10%,CFD模拟结果可靠。     

立装规整填料的性能研究

以空气-水为工质研究了立装规整填料的流体力学性能;利用CO_2-空气-水体系研究其传质性能,并与相同试验条件下的平装规整填料进行对比。结果表明,在相同条件下,2者的压降没有明显变化,但立装填料比平装填料的壁流量和液相总传质单元高度分别降低了10.7%和17.4%,其流体力学和传质性能均优于平装填料。     

HD低温蒸发系统中填料蒸发器传质传热的分析

通过研究系统中填料蒸发器的蒸发传质传热过程以及两相流动特性，采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）中离散相与连续相耦合的方法来模拟规整填料内部通道的蒸发传质传热过程，实现了填料蒸发器中两相传质传热的过程以及液滴流动的可视化，为研究气液两相在规整填料内的流动提供了一种模拟方法。通过与实验结果的比较，最终选用RNG k-ε湍流模型来分析规整填料内部气液两相传质传热以及流动情况。数值模拟研究了规整填料板间距对填料内部气液两相传质传热以及液滴运动影响，发现随着板间距的增大，填料内部压力降逐渐降低，出口空气中水蒸气的含量不断减小，液滴蒸发速率降低，液滴进出口质量差减小，气相出口温度逐渐降低，蒸发传质传热效率降低。随着气速的增大，出口空气中水蒸气的含量不断减小，液滴蒸发速率增加，气相出口温度降低，气液两相传质传热效率降低。     

Hydrodynamic and mass transfer efficiency of ceramic foam packing applied to distillation

In addition to a high void volume and specific area, solid foams possess other properties (low density, good thermal, mechanical, electrical, and acoustical behaviour) that make them attractive for applications such as heat exchangers and reformers. Applications using foams as catalysts or structured catalyst supports have demonstrated higher performance than classical catalysts. Several studies have explored the hydrodynamic behaviour of foams in monophasic and countercurrent systems and have reported very low pressure drops. This paper describes the application of ceramic foam to distillation. The β-SiC foam contains 5 pores per inch (PPI) with a 91% void volume and a surface area of 640 m²/m³. Performance parameters including pressure drop for the dry and wet packing, flooding behaviour, and dynamic liquid hold-up were measured in a column of 150 mm internal diameter. The mass transfer efficiency in terms of the height equivalent to theoretical plate (HETP) was determined by total reflux experiments using a mixture of n-heptane and cyclohexane at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were used to develop a set of correlations describing pressure drop and liquid hold-up in terms of a dimensionless number. The hydrodynamic performance and mass transfer efficiency were compared with classical packing materials used in distillation.     

多孔波纹板错流旋转床的性能研究

以空气-CO2-NaOH为系统,研究了多孔波纹板错流旋转床的流体力学和传质性能。实验结果表明:在相近的操作条件下,多孔波纹板错流旋转床的压降与文献丝网错流旋转床的相近,不足逆流床的十分之一;体积传质系数分别比文献丝网错流旋转床高0.95—1.47倍,比逆流旋转床略低,比传统气液传质设备高1—2个数量级。多孔波纹板错流旋转床填料具有传质效率高、压降低、动平衡性好等优点。     

Hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance analysis of flow-guided trapezoid spray packing tray

Distillation is the most common separation technology utilized in the petroleum and chemistry industries. Due to the wide usage of the distillation column, even a small improvement in performance may result in significant energy cost savings. Aiming to improve the hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance, the flow-guided trapezoid spray-packing tray (FTS-PT) was designed by combining flow-guided holes and trapezoidal caps with structured packing. And the experimental measurements of the FTS-PT, including pressure drop, clear liquid height, weeping, entrainment, and tray efficiency, were conducted in a 500 mm diameter plexiglass column with the air-water-oxygen system. Moreover, the performance of the FTS-PT was compared with that of new vertical sieve tray (New VST) and F1 valve tray. The results show that FTS-PT has a significant advantage in pressure drop, entrainment, and capacity. Furthermore, the calculation model of the pressure drop was derived and used for the FTS-PT with a relative deviation of less than 5%.     

Investigation of hydrodynamic and mass transfer of mercaptan extraction in pulsed and non-pulsed packed columns

We investigated the hydrodynamic behavior and mass transfer characteristics of a pilot-scale conventional packed bed extraction column of mercaptan removal from liquid propane. The extraction column was filled with pall rings structured packing where mercaptan was extracted from the continuous phase to the dispersed phase, accompanied by a chemical reaction in propane-mercaptan-caustic system. The pulsing was introduced into the column to enhance the mass transfer rate. Hydrodynamic parameters such as hold up, flooding velocity and mean drop size were studied together with the effect of chemical reaction on increasing mass transfer performance. Finally, the mass transfer and axial mixing coefficients were obtained from the optimization of data by ADM. It was found that at the pulsation intensity from 0.003 to 0.007 m/s, the maximum mass transfer and minimum axial mixing occurred and it can be concluded that pulsation improves the efficiency of mass transfer just at low intensities.     

新型垂直板规整填料流体力学及传质性能

采用氧解吸实验,在直径190 mm的有机玻璃塔内,液相喷淋密度10～38 m³·m^-2·h^-1,F因子0.2～3.2 m·s^-1·（kg·m^-3）^0.5的实验条件下测定了一种新型垂直板规整填料的流体力学及传质性能。实验结果表明：垂直板填料的操作压降及传质性能均显著优于商业波纹填料。通过与几种经改进的250型波纹填料相比发现,两者泛点F因子整体上相当;在较高液体喷淋密度下,垂直板填料传质性能及压降均高于改进250型波纹填料;在低喷淋密度下,垂直板填料可实现压降低于改进250型波纹填料,而两者传质性能相当。此外,对填料结构改进对其性能的影响进行了单因素考察。     

塑料异型矩鞍填料的流体力学及传质性能研究

在内径300 mm塔中,以空气-氨-水为物系,对开发出的一种新型塑料散装填料———异型矩鞍填料的流体力学及传质性能进行了研究。获得了该填料的几何特性、流体力学性能及传质性能数据,并通过对实验数据的回归分析,得出了填料层压降Δp/Z、泛点填料因子F及气相总传质单元高度HOG的关联式。研究结果表明,塑料异型矩鞍填料具有通量大、压降低、气液分布均匀及传质性能优良等优点。     

规整填料干塔压降与波纹齿角的关系

研究了规整填料压降和波纹齿角的关系,以期探索强化传统规整填料性能的新途径。干填料层压降可分解为3部分：气流在交叉单元碰撞所产生的压降,气流在填料层间改变方向所产生的压降以及塔壁区摩擦力所产生的压降。用计算流体力学（CFD）计算了这3部分压降。结果表明,当波纹齿角从90°减小到20°时,干填料层压降大幅度下降。实验数据也验证了CFD模拟计算结果。     

Mass transfer coefficients—calculation for rigid and oscillating drops in extraction columns

Extraction efficiencies are predicted for rigid, and Handlos-Baron, isolated drops passing countercurrently to a continuous phase in an extraction column. Approximations made in previous theoretical work, in particular the assumption of uniform continuous phase concentrations in calculating the dispersed phase mass transfer coefficient, and the use of average rather than local coefficients, were eliminated to obtain more accurate predictions of mass transfer rates by both models. Significant differences from the approximate solutions previously published were obtained. Preliminary comparisons of theoretical predictions and experimental data are made by applying the isolated drop model predictions to swarms of drops in a Rotating Disc Contactor.     

利用CFD及结点网络相结合的方法研究规整填料传质效率

气液两相不均匀流动是造成填料塔传质效率下降的主要原因之一.采用计算流体力学方法,定量分析规整填料内气液两相流动对传质效率影响的研究尚未见文献报道.从Navier-Stokes方程出发,首先建立了考虑气液之间相互作用的CFD计算模型,定量描述了填料片内的气相流场分布.在此基础上,结合文献中提出的液相结点分布模型及一些经典的传质理论,初步提出了适用于定量计算金属板波纹填料传质效率的耦合型算法,并对规整填料内的传质效率进行了计算,模型结果与实验值吻合较好.为规整填料传质效率的定量研究提供了新的方法和思路.     

Characterization of a New Structured Packing by Computational Fluid Dynamics

The novel wire gauze structured packing PACK‐1300Y with high specific surface area was characterized by computational fluid dynamics. The main features of PACK‐1300Y were investigated including the dry and wet pressure drop as well as the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP). Moreover, the flow structure of this packing was described via numerical simulations. To evaluate the amount of HETP and dry and wet pressure drop, 3D computational fluid dynamic modeling with respect to the Eulerian‐Eulerian multiphase approach was applied. The average relative errors were determined between the findings achieved from computational fluid dynamic simulation and experimental findings for mass transfer efficiency and wet and dry pressure drop, respectively.     

Experimental study of the effect of maldistribution at the structured packing inlet on the freon mixture separation efficiency

The results of an experimental study of the effect of the initial maldistribution over a structured packing on the separation efficiency of a binary freon mixture are considered. The study was performed in a distillation column 0.9 m in diameter on a mixture of R114 and R21 freons. The results on the efficiency of freon mixture separation, the pressure drop on the packing, and the distribution of the local liquid flow rate under the packing are presented. The experimental results showed that the rotation angle of structured packed layers have a significant effect on the efficiency of mixture separation in the case of maldistribution.