单相半控桥式整流稳压永磁发电机的技术设计

单相半控桥式整流稳压永磁发电机主要为汽车的用电设施提供直流电源以及给蓄电池充电.发电机转子铁心上有多块由极靴通过非导磁螺钉固定的钕铁硼永磁体,相邻的钕铁硼永磁体极性相反,即N极S极间隔排列,组成钕铁硼永磁转子,当转子转动时,磁场旋转,线圈切割磁力线,产生电动势.新研发的单相半控桥式整流稳压电子稳压器,集稳压、整流于一体,可保证发电机输出电压稳定的直流电,解决了汽车用永磁发电机在变转速变负载工况下输出电压不稳定的问题.     

Fundamental characteristics and 3D electromagnetic analysis for magnetic levitation transporter using YBCO superconductors

A magnetic levitation device with two‐dimensional movement, the so‐called “levitating X‐Y transporter,” has been developed. In order to develop a working levitating X‐Y transporter, it is necessary to clarify the levitation characteristics, such as the lift force, levitation height, and stability against mechanical disturbances. In this paper, we examine the lift and the restoring force experimentally and propose a new simulation program based on the three‐dimensional hybrid finite and boundary element method to analyze the dynamic behavior of electromagnetic characteristics of YBCO bulk. Using the numerical simulation and experiments, we investigated a suitable arrangement of permanent magnets to enhance the levitation characteristics. We also designed a levitating transporter which can carry a load of 200 kg with a gap of 16 mm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 44–54, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20220     

Improvement of levitation characteristics in a magnetic bearing system using HTSC‐permanent magnet hybrid structure

Magnetic bearing using pinning force of a permanent magnet and a high‐temperature superconductor has been developed. Additional permanent magnet is introduced to increase the levitation force of the magnetic bearing. In this hybrid magnetic bearing system, levitation force is mainly given by the repulsive force of the permanent magnets, and stability for the lateral direction is given by pinning force of the superconductor. The experimental device is developed. A ring‐type superconductor and a bulk one are examined. Levitation characteristics of the hybrid magnetic bearing are measured. The bulk superconductor shows better characteristics of both levitation and lateral stability than the ring one. Levitation force of the hybrid system becomes about twice as large as that of the nonhybrid one. Although, the repulsive force of the permanent magnet decreases the lateral stability of the system, its influence becomes small by choosing an adequate position of the permanent magnets and the superconductor. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 71–77, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10350     

Magnetic characteristics of electromagnetic levitation system for short‐radius curve track

A magnetically levitated (MAGLEV) vehicle using electromagnets and iron rails generates lateral guiding force naturally by controlling levitation force to maintain the air gaps between the magnets and the iron rails. A MAGLEV system without guide magnets offers simple design and cost advantages. But such a system has little lateral damping force. In order to improve damping characteristics, an experimental apparatus using salient‐pole‐type magnets and laminated iron rails was made. The iron cores were placed in two rows. The suspension coils surrounded both of the magnet iron cores and the damping coils surrounded every magnet core separately. The damping coils were excited by currents proportional to the lateral displacement velocity. According to a step response experiment, the lateral motion dissipated after a cycle or two of the swing. The self‐inductance of the suspension coil of the magnet was almost unchanged against variation of the lateral displacement. The influence of damping current on the levitation was very small. This paper discusses the electromagnetic characteristics of the levitation system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(3): 71–80, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20372     

Position sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using extended electromotive force

Driving a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) requires the rotor position information to control the motor torque, and this is generally detected by mechanical position sensors such as an encoder or a resolver. However, these sensors increase the machine size and the cost of the drive, and reduce reliability of the system. Therefore, many papers about position sensorless drive method of PMSM have been published. This paper presents a position sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). A mathematical model of IPMSM using the extended electromotive force (EMF) in the rotating reference frame is utilized to estimate the rotor speed and position. This model has a simple structure integrating position information into the extended EMF term. Therefore, the sensorless control based on the mathematical motor model can be implemented simply. The estimation method proposed is based on the principle that the error of the current is proportional to that of extended EMF. This method was carried out using a 6‐pole, 400‐W, 1750 r/min test motor system. It was found that sensorless speed control was achieved from 80 r/min to 1800 r/min under 0 to 100%loads. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(3): 41–48, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20406     

Test run of combined propulsion,levitation and guidance system at Miyazaki test track

In commercializing the superconducting Maglev system it is important to reduce the cost, especially that of ground coils constructed along the whole length of the guideway. For this purpose we have examined the combined propulsion, levitation and guidance system (PLG system) which can generate levitation, guidance and propulsion forces by the same coil. This paper describes the test run of the PLG system, whose ground coils (PLG coil) are constructed in one part of the Miyazaki test track. In designing the PLG coil, we make clear the magnitudes of the force acting both under normal and unusual conditions because the electromagnetic force, which levitates, guides, and propels the vehicle, directly acts on the magnet winding of the PLG coil. In the experiment, we examine both the performance of the vehicle and the force of a PLG coil. The measurement of the force at the PLG coil gives not only propulsion force and levitation force directly, but also guidance stiffness by sifting the measured coil. Good correlation recognized between the calculation and the experiment in the propulsion force, levitation force, and guidance stiffness proves that the required characteristics can be expected from the PLG system even under combination of propulsion, levitation and guidance.     

汽车用42V永磁发电装置参数计算与设计

总结了42V汽车电气系统的优点,指出了其良好的发展前景.设计了该系统的关键零部件-42 V发电装置,对其径向励磁转子和电枢绕组进行了参数设计以提高发电机低速时的输出电压;高速或低负载时,设计了与之匹配的电子稳压器以使发电机输出稳定的电压.该装置功率大,输出电压稳定,且符合未来汽车供电系统发展趋势.     

Characteristic analysis and trial manufacture of permanent‐magnetic type linear generator

This paper describes the design and trial manufacture of a linear generator which can convert any mechanical vibration of an automobile to electrical energy. A mover, which includes permanent magnets, is linearly driven through a stator by vibrations. The Nd‐Fe‐B magnets in the mover are placed facing the same magnetic poles in order to produce a change of magnetic flux in the coils of the stator. The coils are placed in the stator with the same intervals as the magnets. Successive coils are wound in opposite directions and are connected in series. A magnetic iron core covering the stator makes the magnetic flux extend through the case and reduces flux canceling in the coils of the stator. The distribution of the magnetic field, the electromotive force, and the driven power of the mover were calculated by numerical simulations in order to determine the size of the linear generator. A linear generator and experimental apparatus were built on the basis of the simulation. The performance characteristics were tested in experiments, and the produced linear generator was confirmed to be useful as an onboard auxiliary power supply. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(3): 94– 100, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20751     

Development trend of the permanent magnet synchronous motor for railway traction

Owing to the resent progress in power electronics and permanent magnet materials, a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) that is lighter, smaller, and more efficient than the conventional induction motor has become realistic as a traction motor. We are making research and development effort on the introduction of the PMSM to rail vehicle traction. The recent development trend of the permanent magnet synchronous traction motor is reviewed. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

永磁直线伺服系统非线性自适应鲁棒控制器设计

对永磁直线伺服系统提出非线性自适应鲁棒控制器的设计方法。在永磁直线伺服系统非线性数学模型的基础上,为实现对速度和电流的准确跟踪,建立了误差系统的动态模型。将跟踪和干扰抑制归结为非线性自适应鲁棒控制器设计问题,通过构造存储函数得到包含电阻辨识算法的自适应鲁棒控制器的定理,证明定理给出的控制器能满足干扰抑制和系统的渐进稳定。仿真结果表明,用该方法设计的系统能很好的抑制扰动和跟踪给定,满足对高性能永磁直线伺服系统控制的要求。     

永磁悬浮主动驱动质量系统的支撑特性及应用

本文提出了一种永磁悬浮主动驱动质量机构,设计了其结构,它具有无接触、无摩擦、体积小等优点。针对永磁悬浮主动驱动质量机构,分别设计了单向永磁铁和双向永磁铁悬浮系统,并建立了它们的解析模型。通过分析并计算单向和双向永磁铁悬浮系统的磁力,推导出悬浮系统对质量块的支撑系数。在理论分析的基础上,用ANSYS MAXWELL 3D对结构进行了仿真验证,确定了解析模型理论计算的正确性和进一步优化结构的方法。最后,制作了试验装置并开展了试验。试验结果表明,本文双向永磁铁悬浮系统所用20mm*12mm*6mm永磁铁,最大能对质量块提供大约360N悬浮力,验证了永磁悬浮主动驱动质量系统的可行性。     

Principle and basic characteristics of a hybrid variable‐magnetic‐force motor

Reducing the power consumed by motors is important for energy conservation in the case of electrical appliances and electric vehicles (EVs). The motors used for operating these devices operate at variable speeds. Further, the motors operate with a small load in the stationary mode and a large load in the starting mode. A permanent magnet motor can be operated at rated power with high efficiency. However, the efficiency is low under a small load or at high speeds because the large constant magnetic force results in substantial core loss. Furthermore, the flux‐weakening current that decreases the voltage at high speeds leads to significant copper loss and core loss. Therefore, we have developed a new technique for controlling the magnetic force of a permanent magnet on the basis of the load or speed of the motor. In this paper we propose a novel motor that can vary the magnetic flux of a permanent magnet and clarify the principles and basic characteristics of the motor. The new motor has a permanent magnet that is magnetized by the magnetizing coil of the stator. The results of analysis show that the magnetic flux linkage of the motor can be changed from 37% to 100% and that a high torque can be produced. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(2): 47–57, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22309     

基于永磁体和螺线圈的径向电子束聚焦系统设计

对一种强流径向电子束浸没式磁聚焦系统进行了研究和设计。首先介绍了浸没式聚焦径向电子束原理和聚焦系统结构,接着仿真研究了在不同磁场分布下浸没式聚焦400 k V/30 k A径向电子束稳定传输的束轨迹,并根据电子束波动情况优化了径向磁场分布,然后设计了基于永磁体和螺线圈混合结构的径向电子束聚焦系统,最后分析了螺线圈绕制方式对聚焦系统的供电系统的影响。结果表明,径向电子束在设计的聚焦系统磁场下能以小波动稳定传输,并且与单线绕制螺线圈相比,双线绕制螺线圈回路脉冲电流前沿更短,脉冲电流宽度更窄,所需电容更小,更有利于径向电子束聚焦系统的小型化。     

Hanging‐type mag‐lev system with permanent magnet motion control

A type of mag‐lev system with permanent magnet motion control is proposed, analyzed, and examined experimentally. In this mag‐lev system, the levitating object hangs on the upper iron rail and such parts as magnets, sensors, and actuators are installed on the object. This levitation method is very useful for noncontact conveyance systems, because the conveyance path is very easy to make. This paper describes the success of the construction of the hanging‐type magnetic levitation system using magnet motion control mechanism. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 133(3): 63–70, 2000     

一种永磁磁体外部特殊磁场区域的构建问题

单边开放式永磁型磁共振磁体结构的研究是一个全新的电工课题.本文基于鞍点理论,探索永磁磁体外部一侧构建均匀磁场区域的可行性问题,并根据可行性要求,通过对单边电流线圈结构的分析,给出一种单边永磁磁体结构方案,并应用一种数值法与半解析法相结合的混合算法分析这种特殊磁体结构的磁场.数值仿真结果表明,本文提出的永磁磁体结构能够较好地在磁体外部构建符合成像要求的薄片形磁场区域.鞍点理论在单边开放式MRI磁体结构设计中的成功应用,为单边永磁MRI磁体结构的分析提供了可靠的理论依据,而磁体外部特殊磁场区域的成功构建,为介入式磁共振系统的研究准备了条件.     

混合消偏磁滤波用直流电感器的设计分析

针对永磁体电感器的永磁体容易退磁及永磁体尺寸选取较复杂的问题,提出一种含永磁体和直流励磁电流混合消偏磁分量的直流滤波用电感器模型。通过对其等效磁路模型进行分析,表明该结构模型的电感器能够达到较好地消直流偏磁效果,且能较好地避免永磁体处于强直流场中而导致的退磁效应,并且新型混合消偏磁结构电感器能够动态地调节铁心材料的工作点,使其一直工作于所需的状态,从而得到满足条件的电感值。最后在电磁场有限元仿真软件中建立模型,仿真结果证明了混合消偏磁结构模型的有效性及可行性。     

胶囊内窥镜新型外磁场驱动系统模型与仿真

为了克服传统推进式和被动式内窥镜在医用检查时存在的不足,提出了一种由三个同轴圆线圈和两对平行鞍线圈组成的胶囊内窥镜新型外磁场驱动模型。胶囊内窥镜内部嵌入NdFeB永磁体,通过控制外部线圈的电流来驱动永磁体,带动内窥镜在体内运动。在实验过程中,运用ANSOFT电磁场仿真软件分别对三个同轴圆线圈和鞍线圈的磁场分布进行了分析,结果表明,该模块能够产生三维匀强磁场,符合驱动无线胶囊内窥镜在体内运动的要求,并且结构简单紧凑,可控性高,有利于提高检测效率。     

一种磁悬浮永磁直线电动机的电磁力特性

为消除直线电机数控机床进给系统的摩擦阻力,提出一种自身产生磁悬浮力的磁悬浮永磁直线同步电动机.从描述磁介质的分子环流假设出发,用毕奥-萨伐尔定理导出永磁体外部空间磁场分布的解析表达式,并基于由磁荷法和虚位移法给出的永磁体磁力数值积分公式,椎导出电机悬浮力波动的解析模型,说明斜极对电机悬浮力的影响.利用Maxwell 3D软件建立三维有限元瞬态分析模型,结果证明该磁悬浮永磁直线电动机自身可以产生独立并可控的推力和悬浮力.进一步建立斜极结构下电动机的三维有限元模型,分析结果表明采用斜极结构可以有效的减小电机推力和悬浮力的波动.     

基于探测线圈永磁电机转子位置估计

针对无位置传感器中存在的受电机结构和参数影响大的问题,本文提出通过探测线圈感应电压来获取永磁电机气隙磁场转子位置的方法,有不受电机结构参数影响的优点,通用性好,在永磁电机无位置传感器控制领域应用前景良好。通过在永磁电机内部的定子齿槽上布置两套正交的探测线圈以感应气隙磁场中的基波电压,研究布置方案和探测线圈电压幅值与相位之间的关系,提出探测线圈优化布置方案,并采用基于锁相环的位置解调方法。采用一台表贴式六相永磁电机进行仿真,结果表明所提探测线圈布置方案可提升感应电势基波的信噪比,较好的抑制三次谐波,位置估计稳态误差为1.44°,具有较好的跟踪性能。     

Characteristics of PM synchronous motor drives with a trapezoidal EMF

A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with nonsinusoidal electromotive force (EMF) generates torque ripple even if the sinusoidal PWM inverter drives the PMSM. A new modified trapezoidal modulating signal for PWM inverter suitable for PMSM drive with nonsinusoidal EMF is proposed in this paper. A new modulating signal for the PMSM drive is determined by the condition of reducing torque ripple of the motor with various trapezoidal EMF. When the PWM inverter using modified trapezoidal modulating signal drives the PMSM having a nonsinusoidal EMF, the torque ripple of the motor can be reduced, the DC link voltage utilization is improved, and reduction of switching loss can be obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(1): 62–71, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20441