芳纶纤维增强丁腈橡胶的摩擦性能

研究了芳纶纤维增强丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料的物理机械性能和摩擦性能,并用扫描电子显微镜分析了芳纶纤维增强NBR复合材料的磨损表面和磨屑形貌。结果表明,芳纶的加入提高了NBR的拉伸强度;随着芳纶用量的增大,复合材料的扯断伸长率降低;芳纶的加入降低了NBR的摩擦系数和磨损率;当芳纶用量为20份时,复合材料的综合性能最佳。加入芳纶对NBR摩擦磨损形式的改变是NBR摩擦性能提高的重要原因。     

Friction and wear mechanisms of PA66/PPS blend reinforced with carbon fiber

The mechanical and tribological properties of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66)/polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) blend composite were studied in this article. It was found that CF reinforcement greatly increases the mechanical properties of PA66/PPS blend. The friction coefficient of the sample decreases with the increase of CF content. When CF content is lower (below 30%), the wear resistance is deteriorated by the addition of CF. However, the loading of higher than 30% CF significantly improves the tribological properties of the blend. The lowest friction coefficient (0.31) and the wear volume (1.05 mm³) were obtained with the PA66/PPS blend containing 30% CF. The transfer film and the worn surface formed by sample during sliding were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The observations revealed that the friction coefficient of PA66/PPS/CF composite depends on the formation and development of a transfer film on the counterface. The abrasive wear caused by ruptured CFs (for lower CF content) and the load bearing ability of CFs (for higher CF content) are the major factors affecting the wear volume. In addition, the improvements of mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and self‐lubrication of bulk CFs are also contributed to the wear behavior of PA66/PPS/CF composite. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

石墨/铜粉改善双马来酰亚胺复合材料摩擦性能

采用层压成型制备了2类改性双马来酰亚胺纤维复合材料,分别考察了石墨、铜粉的用量对纤维复合材料摩擦性能(摩擦系数,磨损率)和力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜对复合材料的磨损表面形貌进行了分析。结果表明:石墨对改善双马来酰亚胺的摩擦磨损性能较铜粉更有效。石墨的质量分数为3%时,复合材料的摩擦磨损性能和力学性能达到最佳。     

铜及其氧化物填充UHMWPE力学、摩擦学性能研究

在超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)中分别填充铜粉、氧化铜粉和氧化亚铜粉,用万能材料试验机、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了三种填料对UHMWPE复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜对几种材料的磨损表面进行了观察和分析。结果表明,在填料添加量相同时,铜粉的减摩耐磨效果最好,氧化铜粉的减摩耐磨效果次之,氧化亚铜粉的减摩耐磨效果最差;以体积分数25％的铜粉填充的UHMWPE复合材料,具有良好的力学性能和摩擦学性能,是一种有应用前景的聚合物基减摩抗磨材料。     

纳米SiO2／双马来酰亚胺复合材料的性能研究

采用浇铸成型法制备了纳米SiO2粒子填充双马来酰亚胺(BMI-BA)复合材料，研究了纳米SiO2的填充量对复合材料滑动磨损性能的影响。在磨损机上测试该复合材料的摩擦和磨损性能，利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的磨损表面和对磨环的表面形貌。结果表明，纳米SiO2能够有效地提高复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能。当纳米SiO2粒子的添加量为0．75％(质量含量，下同)时，复合材料的综合力学性能最好；当纳米SiO2粒子的的添加量为1．0％时，复合材料的耐磨性能最好。SEM显示复合材料主要是黏着磨损，能在对磨环上形成薄而连续的均匀转移膜，而BMI-BA树脂主要发生的是疲劳磨损，并伴有塑性变形。     

Mechanical and tribological properties of glass–epoxy composites with and without graphite particulate filler

The objectives of this research article is to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties of glass‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy (G–E) composites with and without graphite particulate filler. The laminates were fabricated by a dry hand layup technique. The mechanical properties, including tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, and surface hardness, were investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. From the experimental investigation, we found that the tensile strength and dimensional stability of the G–E composite increased with increasing graphite content. The effect of filler content (0–7.5 wt %) and sliding distance on the friction and wear behavior of the graphite‐filled G–E composite systems were studied. Also, conventional weighing, determination of the coefficient of friction, and examination of the worn surface morphological features by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were done. A marginal increase in the coefficient of friction with sliding distance for the unfilled composites was noticed, but a slight reduction was noticed for the graphite‐filled composites. The 7.5% graphite‐filled G–E composite showed a lower friction coefficient for the sliding distances used. The wear loss of the composites decreased with increasing weight fraction of graphite filler and increased with increasing sliding distance. Failure mechanisms of the worn surfaces of the filled composites were established with SEM. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2472–2480, 2007     

Effects of silane coupling agents on tribological properties of bentonite/nitrile butadiene rubber composites

In this work, effects of silane coupling agents on the tribological properties of bentonite/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites were investigated. The composites were fabricated with a facile method. Three silane coupling agents, (3‐mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS), bis[3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide (TESPT) and [3‐(2‐aminoethylamino)propyl]triethoxysilane (AEAPTMS) were employed in our research. The short sulfur bonds formed between MPTMS and macromolecules in the matrices limited the extension of the contact interface between rubber matrices and glass plate, which contributed to the reduction in friction coefficient. With TESPT and AEAPTMS, the adhesion force of the composites was remarkably reinforced, further leading to the increase in friction coefficient. In the wear test, bentonite/silane/NBR composites showed better wear resistance compared to the specimens fabricated without silanes. By investigation on the morphological features of the worn surfaces, different wear mechanisms for composites with/without silane coupling agents were illustrated in detail. Generally, the effects of silanes to adhesion force, hysteresis loss ratio, and hardness all contributed to the friction coefficients of the composites. In wear test, the effects of the silanes on hysteresis force were prominent. Incorporated with MPTMS, the composite showed poor wear resistance due to its high hysteresis loss ratio. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2347–2357, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

芳纶浆粕增强丁腈橡胶复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用开炼机制备了丁腈橡胶(NBR)/芳纶浆粕(PPTA-pulp)复合材料。研究了在干摩擦和水润滑条件下,纤维含量、摩擦时间以及载荷对NBR/PPTA-pulp复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析了磨损机理。结果表明,芳纶浆粕的加入能够很好地改善复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,在相同条件下,当纤维质量分数为20%时,复合材料的综合性能最佳;在干摩擦条件下,随着摩擦时间延长,复合材料的摩擦系数下降,磨耗量增大;随着载荷增加,摩擦系数和磨耗量增大;水润滑条件下,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨耗量较干摩擦大幅度降低且比较稳定,时间和载荷对其影响很小;干摩擦时,复合材料的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损;水润滑时,主要为轻微磨粒磨损。     

高压气体压缩机阀片用材料的研究

根据气体压缩机阀片的要求，制备了碳纤维(CF)和二硫化钼(MoS2)填充热塑性聚酰亚胺(PI)复合材料；研究了不同组成材料的力学性能、摩擦性能，考察了载荷对材料摩擦性能的影响，观察了材料磨损面形貌，并对磨损面进行了元素分析。结果表明：通过填充碳纤维，可以有效增强聚酰亚胺材料的强度；填充MoS2后，材料的力学性能有所下降，但可有效提高材料的极限PV值；随载荷增加，材料的磨损率及摩擦系数都不断减小；该材料适于作高压气体压缩机构件。     

The effect of irradiation surface treatment of UHMWPE fibre on the interfacial properties of PVC composite

Irradiation surface modification method was used for the surface treatment of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibre to improve the interfacial adhesion of the UHMWPE fibre reinforced PVC composite. The surface characteristics of untreated and treated UHMWPE fibre were characterised by XPS and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscope. The friction and wear properties of the PVC composites filled with differently surface-treated UHMWPE fibres (20?vol.-%), were investigated on a ring-on-block tribometer. Experimental results revealed that irradiation treatment largely increased the mechanical properties of UHMWPE fibre/neoprene/PVC (UF/N/PVC) composites. Scanning electron microscope investigation of worn surfaces of PVC composites showed that surface-treated UF/N/PVC composite had the strongest interfacial adhesion.     

温度对酚醛树脂/丁腈橡胶复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用机械共混法将酚醛树脂（PF）与丁腈橡胶（NBR）进行混合而制得PF/NBR复合材料,研究了PF用量对NBR的拉伸性能、撕裂性能及硬度的影响,使用多功能材料表面性能综合测试仪、三维表面形貌仪和扫描电子显微镜对力学性能最优的PF/NBR复合材料试样A 2（添加5份PF）在不同温度下的摩擦性能进行了探究,并与未添加PF的试样A 0进行了对比,此外还对PF/NBR复合材料的磨损机理进行了初步分析。结果表明,当温度超过75 ℃时,试样A 0的摩擦系数曲线整体呈持续上升的趋势,同时其表面有较多孔洞,分子间结合力下降,耐磨性变差,而试样A 2的摩擦系数则基本保持稳定,磨损行为表明其磨损机理由磨粒磨损逐渐转变为黏着磨损;相对于试样A 0而言,试样A 2在高温下仍能保持较好的摩擦性能。     

Tribological application of carbon nanotubes in a metal-based composite coating and composites

Ni-P-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite coating and carbon nanotube/copper matrix composites were prepared by electroless plating and powder metallurgy techniques, respectively. The effects of CNTs on the tribological properties of these composites were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the Ni-P-CNT electroless composite coating exhibited higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient than Ni-P-SiC and Ni-P-graphite composite coatings. After annealing at 673 K for 2 h, the wear resistance of the Ni-P-CNT composite coating was improved. Carbon nanotube/copper matrix composites revealed a lower wear rate and friction coefficient compared with pure copper, and their wear rates and friction coefficients showed a decreasing trend with increasing volume fraction of CNTs within the range from 0 to 12 vol.% due to the effects of the reinforcement and reduced friction of CNTs. The favorable effects of CNTs on the tribological properties are attributed to improved mechanical properties and unique topological structure of the hollow nanotubes.     

水润滑下纳米三氧化二铝/端异氰酸酯基聚丁二烯液体橡胶-环氧树脂复合材料的摩擦性能

研究了纳米Al2O3/端异氰酸酯基聚丁二烯液体橡胶-环氧树脂(ETPB)复合材料在水润滑条件下的摩擦性能,并用扫描电子显微镜表征了复合材料的磨损表面形貌,探讨了磨损机理。结果表明,在水润滑条件下,纳米Al2O3/ETPB复合材料的磨损率和摩擦系数低于ETPB;载荷和滑动速率的变化对纳米Al2O3/ETPB复合材料的磨损率、摩擦系数及磨损表面形貌影响不大,复合材料的磨损表面均未产生裂纹;ETPB的磨损机理为疲劳磨损,纳米AlO/ETPB复合材料的磨损机理为机械抛光磨损。     

不同粒径氧化锌填充丁腈橡胶的摩擦磨损机制

采用机械共混与热模压工艺制备普通氧化锌(c-ZnO)与纳米氧化锌(n-ZnO)填充丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料,并对复合材料的硫化特性、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,用量相同时,与c-ZnO相比,n-ZnO在硬脂酸与硫黄作用下形成较强硫化剂,可延长胶料的硫化时间,有利于提高胶料的加工安全性与流动性。与加入c-ZnO的胶料相比,n-ZnO/NBR复合材料的撕裂强度提高了11.0%,压缩永久变形减小17.3%,邵尔A硬度略微提高,且在干摩擦、油润滑条件下均表现出优异的耐摩擦磨损性能。c-ZnO/NBR复合材料的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和严重的黏着磨损,n-ZnO/NBR复合材料的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和少量的黏着磨损。     

Friction properties of graphene reinforced nitrile rubber composites after thermal oxidation aging: Experiment and molecular dynamics simulation

We established friction models for pure NBR, GNS/NBR, and GO/NBR composites through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our study focused on the impact of GNS and GO on the friction properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) composite materials after undergoing thermal oxygen aging. Based on the simulation results, it can be observed that the GNS/NBR and GO/NBR composites' coefficient of friction (COF) decreases by 20.8% and 24.8%, respectively, at 348 K. Additionally, the abrasion rate is reduced by 17.4% and 25.7%, respectively, for the same composites. Adding GNS and GO can effectively improve the friction performance of the NBR composite system, and compared with GNS, GO shows a better enhancement effect. Pure NBR and GO/NBR composite materials were prepared by mechanical blending method, and the friction properties of GO-enhanced NBR composite materials were studied. The experimental results show that the GO/NBR composite material can maintain a low friction and wear coefficient after thermal and oxygen aging. It shows that adding GO can effectively improve the friction properties of NBR composite systems and slow down the weakening effect of aging on the friction properties of NBR composite materials. This is because the GO surface contains wealthy functional groups such as epoxy groups, which enhances the binding strength between the GO and NBR interface so that the GO/NBR composite material exhibits better friction properties and thermal oxygen aging resistance. In addition, the wear surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing the damage mechanism of friction and wear of NBR composite materials.     

GF及偶联剂改性PVC/稻壳木塑复合材料

采用模压成型的方式、通过实验探索玻璃纤维(GF)含量及偶联剂处理对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/稻壳木塑复合材料的力学特性和耐磨性的影响。实验结果表明:PVC/稻壳木塑复合材料的硬度随GF含量增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势。GF含量在15%以下时,随着GF用量的增大,木塑复合材料的拉伸强度与冲击强度总体上随之变大,超过15%则随GF含量增大而减小。而弯曲强度出现先减后增的趋势,弯曲弹性模量则与之相反。木塑复合材料的耐磨损性在GF含量为15%时最佳,摩擦系数在10%时最大。合适的偶联剂处理能增强木塑复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性。其中γ–氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)的增强效果比较好,钛酸酯不能提高PVC/稻壳木塑材料的力学性能和耐磨性。     

Mechanical and tribological properties of PA66/PPS blend. III. Reinforced with GF

Based on previous work, 70 vol % PA66/30 vol % PPS blend was selected as a matrix, and the PA66/PPS blend reinforced with different content of glass fiber (GF) was prepared in this study. The mechanical properties of PA66/PPS/GF composites were studied, and the tribological behaviors were tested on block‐on‐ring sliding wear tester. The results showed that 20–30 vol % GF greatly increases the mechanical properties of PA66/PPS blend. When GF content is 20 vol %, the friction coefficient of composite is the lowest (0.35), which is decreased by 47% in comparison with the unfilled blend. The wear volume of the GF‐reinforced PA66/PPS blend composite decreases with the increase of GF content. However, the wear‐resistance is not apparently improved by the addition of GF in the experimental range for comparison with unfilled PA66/PPS blend. The worn surface and the transfer film on the counterface were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observations revealed that the friction coefficient of composite depends on the formation and development of a transfer film. The wear mechanism involves polymer matrix wear and fiber wear. The former consists of melting wear and plastic deformation of the matrix, while the latter includes fiber sliding wear, cracking, rupturing, and pulverizing. The contributions of the matrix wear and the fiber wear determine the ultimate wear volume of PA66/PPS/GF composite. In addition, the abrasive action caused by the ruptured glass fiber is also a very important factor. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 523–529, 2006     

Influences of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane on the tribological behaviors of basalt fiber/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber composites under dry friction and water-lubricated conditions

The weak interaction between the basalt fiber (BF) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) weakens the BFs' effects on improving the tribological performances of the NBR composites. To solve this problem, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was introduced via mixing into the matrix or grafting on the BF surface, respectively. The characteristics, mechanical, and tribological properties of the composites were evaluated, and the effects of the APTES and its introduction methods on the tribological properties were the main focus. The APTES mixed in the rubber matrix decreased the friction coefficient (COF) of the NBR-based composites under both dry friction and water-lubricated conditions. Especially, the APTES hydrolysis under water-lubricated condition was conducive to the formation of the water film and thus dramatically decreased the COF. The COF of the BF0-A3 and the BF12-A3 were 51% and 30% lower than that of the BF0-A0 and the BF12-A0 under water lubrication, respectively. The APTES grafted on the BF surface increased the wear resistance of the BF/NBR composites attributed to the improvement of the interaction between the BFs and the NBR matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48558.     

Surface modification of carbon fiber and its effects on the mechanical and tribological properties of the polyurethane composites

To improve the friction and wear behavior of the polyurethane composites, carbon fibers were modified with 2, 4‐diisocyanatotoluene. The mechanical and tribological properties of the reinforced polyurethane composites were studied. Tensile strength of the composites increased with the addition of carbon fibers. The friction and wear experiments were tested on a MRH‐3 model ring‐on‐block test rig at different sliding speeds and loads under dry sliding. Experimental results revealed that carbon fibers with chemical treatment contributed to largely improve the tribological properties of the polyurethane composites. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) investigations showed that the worn surface of the modified polyurethane composite was smoother than pure polyurethane under given load and sliding speed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

The Effect of Arylboronic Acid Treatment of Carbon Fiber on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of PA66 Composites

PA66 composites filled with surface-treated carbon fiber were prepared by twin-screw extruder in order to study the influence of carbon fiber surface arylboronic acid treatment on the mechanical and tribological behavior of the PA66 composites (CF/PA66). The mechanical property, friction and wear tests of the composites with untreated and treated carbon fiber were performed and the worn surface morphology was analyzed. The results show that the worn surface area of the treated carbon fiber was far smoother than that of the untreated carbon fiber and there formed a bonding adhesion on the carbon fiber surface after treatment. The tensile strength of CF/PA66 composites with surface arylboronic acid treatment was improved. The friction coefficient and wear of arylboronic acid treated CF/PA66 composites were apparently lower than that with untreated carbon fiber. In conclusion, the surface treatment favored the improvement of the higher interface strength and so had good effect on improving the tribological properties of the composites.