从激光清洗专利看激光清洗技术的发展

对激光清洗技术的专利情况进行了分析,介绍了激光清洗专利技术的国内外状况.并对激光清洗技术的发展过程结合相关专利进行了回顾.通过分析该领域专利,揭示当前激光清洗理论和应用的发展状况.     

激光清洗原理与应用研究

利用激光清除污物、清洗微粒是近年来激光加工技术应用的一个新领域。本文介绍激光清洗的基本原理,讨论激光清洗的应用及发展方向等问题。     

激光清洗工作原理与应用

从激光的特性、激光器简介、激光清洗原理以及激光清洗应用分析等方面对激光清洗进行了探讨     

海上溢油污染及清理方法

介绍了海上溢油对环境的污染危害及溢油事件的传统规模分级;对溢油的清理方法进行了探讨和展望。     

处理石化污水中的超滤膜清洗方法的研究

采用酸、碱、氧化剂和Nalco PC-98溶液作为清洗剂,对在处理石化废水过程中被污染的超滤膜进行了清洗研究。初步分析了造成超滤膜污染的原因,结果表明,构成超滤膜膜污染的主要污染物为铁和微生物/有机物。同时对比发现,碱洗采用0.1%的NaOH和0.1%的PC-98溶液,酸洗采用1%草酸溶液的组合清洗方案效果最好,膜的过滤性能基本可以恢复。     

Color changes in the surface of granitic materials by consolidated and/or water repellent treatments

Color is one of the parameters to be monitored when determining the suitability of a protective or conservative treatment of stone. Application of a given treatment product should elicit the least possible effect in this parameter. Changes in color of five varieties of granite of highly varying characteristics due to their origin are studied in the present work. All the granites studied are widely used in buildings of historical interest in Avila (Spain). Some varieties are from unaltered facies (grey granites of different grain size), and have a very low degree of porosity, while other are from facies that have undergone strong natural weathering processes, and that display important mineralogical and physical changes. In this sense, the ochre variety of granite contains clays (smectite and some kaolinite); the white variety contains kaolinite and opal, and the red variety contains kaolinite, opal, and iron oxihydroxides. Fresh cut and artificially aged (with 25 cycles of freezing/thawing and cold/heat treatment) samples were treated with consolidant (RC80 or RC70) and/or water repellent (H224) agents. After the corresponding statistical treatment of data obtained, significant changes in ΔE were observed with the treatments given; such changes are more pronounced in unaged samples. Changes in ΔL (lightness), however, despite being noticeable, seem to have only a minor effect on ΔE, which seem to be more dependent on changes in Δa and Δb. This was more pronounced when the stone was treated with RC80 and then with H224. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Cal Res Appl, 22, 133–141, 1997     

反渗透膜清洗技术及研究进展

系统分析了造成膜污染的污染物类型和形成原因,并指出应该根据不同的污染情况选择合适的清洗方式和方法,以及物理、化学和生物三种清洗方法的特点及适用范围。总结了近年来反渗透膜清洗技术的研究进展,包括新型的清洗剂组合物配方和新型清洗装置。     

激光清洗技术在轮胎模具清洗中的应用研究

介绍了激光清洗技术在轮胎模具清洗中的优势.简述了国内外激光清洗技术在轮胎模具清洗中的现状,研究了模具损伤的激光能量密度阈值,对全自动激光清洗设备的参数进行了详细的分析,确定最佳参数范围,结果表明,工艺参数适当,能快捷有效的清洁轮胎模具,而不损伤模具.     

激光清洗的其它应用

激光清洗由于其独特的优点,在轮胎模具、光学基片表面、建筑材料、核电站以及宇宙空间小尺寸垃圾等方面也有应用,本文对此做一些介绍。     

膜生物反应器中膜的污染与清洗

通过不同清洗方法对膜通量恢复效果的评价以及对污染膜和各步清洗后对膜表面和断面形貌的观察，对膜生物反应器工艺中的膜污染特征和膜污染进行了研究。结果表明，清水冲洗能消除纤维膜之间淤积的污泥和膜表面松散的污染层，次氯酸钠可以清除膜表面的微生物和有机污染物，而硫酸和柠檬酸能清除膜上的无机物垢。在膜外表面的污染物主要为生物膜和凝胶层污染，而膜内表面的污染物主要为滋生的微生物和无机污染物。对应各步清洗后膜通量的恢复，可以推出，在试验的工艺条件下，无机物污染对膜过滤阻力的影响较大。在此基础上．为延缓膜污染对膜生物反应器提出三点建议．     

化学清洗与物理清洗技术在工业清洗中的联合应用

通过对某换热器及某小区供暖系统管路的清洗实例,介绍了化学清洗与物理清洗应用技术。实践证明,两种技术相结合与使用单一的清洗技术相比,效率更高,效果更好。     

汽车涂装喷涂机器人的换色及清洗

主要介绍了喷涂机器人换色、清洗的原理,对机器人换色、清洗的优化进行了概括,并根据工作经验,结合工厂实例,对换色、清洗造成的喷涂质量问题进行了分析解决。     

Color changes in cyanosis and the significance of congenital dichromasy and lighting

There are anecdotal reports of color vision deficient medical practitioners (particularly deuteranopes) having difficulty in recognizing cyanosis. An understanding of the color changes in oxygenated blood has led to a better understanding of the lighting needs for hospitals. Using the same database, this article investigates the propensity for color vision deficient observers to make mistakes with cyanotic patients. The possibilities for helping the observer with appropriate color of lighting are considered. The spectral reflectances of blood at varying oxygenation levels previously reported were used 7 ; 8 to calculate chromaticity and lightness. The direction of the chromaticity change was compared with the protanopic and deuteranopic confusion lines. An attempt was made to identify sources that enhanced color changes for the color deficient. The color change of blood oxygenation is closely aligned with the confusion lines of congenital dichromats (particularly protanopia) showing the potential for difficulty in making this decision. No source could be demonstrated to solve the problem or even reduce it significantly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 428–432, 2007     

反渗透膜碳酸钙污染过程模拟以及膜清洗研究

采用氯化钙和碳酸氢钙配置原水,模拟反渗透膜使用环境,测定膜污染后膜性能的变化趋势,并对膜进行了清洗,对比了不同阶段膜通量的恢复情况,并比较了不同清洗温度下膜通量的恢复情况。结果表明:在本实验条件下,膜通量随着膜污染的加剧呈现出先快后慢的下降趋势,而脱盐率呈先慢后快的下降趋势;污染的膜经过酸洗后,膜性能恢复到初始的98.6%;清洗温度越高,膜通量恢复越好。     

常减压蒸馏装置渣油换热系统在线清洗技术

介绍了应用QX-313-YX高效积炭清洗剂的性能以及在常减压蒸馏装置渣油系统的应用情况,介绍了清洗工艺流程、清洗效果和清洗操作,对清洗机理进行了探讨。     

印度电力清洗行业的现状及锅炉清洗实例

通过介绍印度电力锅炉化学清洗行业的现状,结合印度某工程实例,论述了如何实施好国外锅炉化学清洗工作.     

Color research in architectural education—A cross-cultural explorative study

This study investigates the knowledge of architectural students about perceptual and psycho-physiological aspects of color, color nomenclature, existing myths and beliefs, and how color is used in their everyday work in the studios. Data were collected mainly by means of questionnaires, to first- and final-year students in five schools of architecture: three in Sweden and two in the United Kingdom. The results were analyzed for each country and educational level, and comparisons made between them. The findings show there is a severe lack of knowledge about color research in both countries. Reading color literature and attending lectures or conferences was rare. However, most participants reported positive attitudes toward color research, especially studies of color perception and color preferences. Knowledge of the Natural Color System (NCS) and British Standard (BSI) was poor, and only a handful of the respondents knew the theoretical basis of the systems. Most of the students complained about the lack of coverage of the subject area in lectures, seminars, or studio work, with very little theory and only few practical exercises. Because students perceive color design as their own future responsibility and basic design education seems to be the main source of color information, the problem of this deficient knowledge should be seriously addressed by researchers and educators. The results suggest ways of improvement and list the most appropriate and preferred methods of communicating research on color. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 23, 328–334, 1998     

复合肥生产中结疤的清理及其注意事项

复合肥生产中设备结疤的清理是一项重要工作.介绍结疤清理的安全措施、常用清理工具及其使用注意事项,对复合肥生产筒类设备、振动筛、风机、流化床、溜槽、料仓的内部结疤的清理方法作了阐述,以供参考.     

通信设备带电清洗效果评估方法的研究与实践

虽然通信机房对环境有严格的要求,但长期使用的设备表面还是有大量的尘土颗粒以及其他污染物存在,带电清洗成为必然。而现在国内该领域尚没有统一标准出台,致使带电清洗行业仍不规范,制定相关国家标准已刻不容缓。本论文提出了三种清洗效果评估方法,并从大量的实验数据中总结分析各种方法的优缺点,是本实验室对编制行业标准的探索性实践。     

自动反洗表面过滤器在净化污酸处理中的应用

介绍了重庆华强化肥有限公司2×80 kt/a硫铁矿制酸净化工序技术改造情况。采用"文—电"稀酸洗净化工艺代替"文—间—电"水洗净化工艺,用板式稀酸冷却器代替间冷器,用自动反洗表面过滤器代替澄清池和斜板沉降池,用陶瓷真空过滤机代替压滤机。改造后w（H₂SO₄）约30%的稀酸送入干吸工序和磷铵萃取工序回用,陶瓷真空过滤机产生的w（Fe）>61%滤渣直接外售,每年增加直接经济效益约350万元。