A simple instant‐estimation method for time‐average quantities of single‐phase power and application to single‐phase power grid connection by inverter

This paper presents and analyzes a new simple instant‐estimation method for time‐average quantities such as rms values of voltage and current, active and reactive powers, and power factor for single‐phase power with the fundamental component of constant or nearly constant frequency by measuring instantaneous values of voltage and current. According to the analyses, the method can instantly estimate time‐average values with accuracy of the fundamental frequency, and estimation accuracy of the power factor is about two times better than that of voltage, current, and powers. The instant‐estimation method is simple and can be easily applied to single‐phase power control systems that are expected to control instantly and continuously power factor on a single‐phase grid by inverter. Based on the proposed instant‐estimation method, two methods for such power control systems are also proposed and their usefulness is verified through simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 34–43, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20236     

基于离散傅里叶变换的频谱分析新方法

针对现有的测频算法和频谱分析方法还存在一些不足之处,提出了基于离散傅里叶变换的频谱分析新方法,它能准确计算出信号中的基频分量,整次谐波和非整次谐波的幅值,频率和相角,以及衰减直流分量的幅值和衰减时间常数.公式推导的过程先从简单的单信号模型入手,得到单个余弦信号的幅值、频率和相角,再推广到一般情况下的复杂信号,采用牛拉法...     

电力系统谐波分析的多层DFT插值校正法

离散傅里叶变换是对电力系统稳态信号进行频谱分析的最基本数学工具,也是国际电工委员会推荐用于谐波和间谐波测量的变换方法。该方法在分析窗口长度与实际信号周期不符时,各频率成分间会发生频谱干扰,从而产生较大的分析误差。对此,提出一种基于余弦组合窗的多层插值频域校正法,用于电力系统谐波分析。该方法利用旋转调整后各离散谱线的相位特点,通过多层求和计算,使各非关注成分在各关注成分对应谱线上的泄漏影响达到最小,因此,其能够在加窗的基础上,进一步抑制信号间的频谱干扰。仿真算例表明,该方法能够在非整周期采样的条件下实现电力系统谐波信号的高精度测量,也从另一个角度改进了传统的加窗插值算法。     

Improvement of a Fourier coefficient estimation method using an adaptive algorithm and its performance analysis

There are many applications where it is necessary to estimate accurately the amplitude and phase of signals when the information regarding the frequencies is obtained in advance. This paper presents a new algorithm for estimating more accurately Fourier coefficients of a signal contaminated by additive noise where sinusoidal frequencies of interest are not distributed uniformly. In the proposed method, Fourier coefficients are adaptive parameters. It uses averaged gradient signals and has almost the same acquisition time as the conventional LMS algorithm with more accurate estimation. The performance analysis of the proposed method is presented and its validity and limits are verified under various conditions by computer simulations. It is shown that the proposed method has especially better performance than the LMS algorithm when both the number of frequencies and the step size parameter, µ, are large. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(1): 52–60, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10362     

适用于闭环控制的快速相量计算方法

近年来,大量电力电子设备在电力系统电源、电网与负荷侧广泛应用,导致电力系统跨区域、跨电压等级的系统性连锁故障逐渐增多,亟需精细化闭环控制。这要求同步相量测量装置(SynchrophasorMeasurementUnits,PMUs)在保证测量精度的同时,具有快速的响应速度。针对这一问题,提出了一种适用于闭环控制的快速相量测量方法。该方法分析了传统DFT算法在系统动态条件下的测量误差特性,揭示了时标位置对相量测量精度与上传延时的影响。为减少PMU上传延时,研究了将时标打在时间窗尾部时相量测量误差与动态相量模型参数的规律,提出了相量修正方法,在减少上传延时的同时兼顾了测量精度。仿真测试验证了所提方法的测量精度与上传延时远高于PMU标准对保护控制类PMU的要求,可用于复杂电力系统闭环控制应用。     

基于DFT的电力系统相量及功率测量新算法

随着全球定位系统(GPS)的全面民用化以及通信技术的发展，电力系统实时相量测量技术日益受到关注。传统的基于离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的频率跟踪算法对相角误差的考虑不全面，从而其频率、相角、幅值等计算结果也不够准确。文中对 DFT 在非同步采样情况下的误差产生机理进行了全面分析，给出了非同步采样情况下 DFT 相角计算结果的精确误差表达式，基于该相角误差公式，提出了一种新的基于 DFT 的电力系统相量测量算法。与传统算法相比，该算法具有精确度高、可以自适应地抑制谐波干扰、计算量不大等优点，并用算例验证了这些优点。此外，还给出了实用的利用传统 DFT 方法计算功率的误差估计公式。     

基于高精度测频的修正DFT相量及功率测量算法

为了提高频率偏移时电力系统相量及功率测量精度,提出了一种基于改进扩展卡尔曼滤波(IEKF)频率测量的修正离散傅里叶变换(DFT)相量及功率测量算法。分析了频率发生偏移时非同步采样下DFT的测量误差,建立了相角、幅值与频率偏移量和初相角之间的函数关系式。由IEKF得到频率偏移量,然后对DFT计算结果进行修正即可得到输入信号的真实相量和功率。仿真结果表明:该算法相比较于传统自适应DFT算法能有效消除或减弱谐波、噪声以及频率偏移对相量同步测量的影响,提高了相量及功率测量精度。     

A new method for estimating initial rotor phase of self‐excited hybrid‐field synchronous motors

This paper proposes a new method for properly estimating the rotor initial phase (i.e., the position) of the newly emerging self‐excited hybrid‐field synchronous motors (SelE‐HFSMs), which have the rotor held by both a permanent magnet and a diode‐shorted held winding. The proposed method injects a spatially rotating high‐frequency voltage and detects the rotor phase directly by evaluating the norm of the associated current. The method is very simple, but has a high degree of usability. 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(3): 49–58, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21027     

A new method for unbiased time‐delay estimation in noisy environments

When input data are contaminated with noise, the least mean square time‐delay estimation (LMSTDE) actually gives a biased estimate. In this paper, we propose and analyse a new adaptive filter structure for time‐delay estimation (TDE), which can eliminate this bias. A new adaptive criterion is then constructed. We determine the corresponding analytical solution, and develop the stochastic gradient algorithm to calculate the optimum solution. Convergence of the stochastic gradient algorithm is established, and upper bounds on the step sizes are deduced for guaranteed convergence. Simulation results are included to illustrate the superiority of the new model and corroborate the theoretical developments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new generalized high‐frequency voltage injection method and mirror‐phase estimation method for sensorless drive of salient‐pole PMSMSs

This paper proposes a new generalized high‐frequency voltage injection method for sensorless drive of salient‐pole permanent‐magnet synchronous motors. The injected high‐frequency voltage has a unique spatially‐rotating elliptical shape, with the amplitudes of both the major and minor axes varying with the motor speed, and can be designed by selecting a design parameter. The high‐frequency current caused by the injected voltage, which has information on the rotor phase to be estimated, is speed‐independent, that is, is not affected by the motor speed at all. Consequently, the rotor phase can be estimated in a wide speed range from zero to the rated speed. By selection of the design parameter, the properties of the high‐frequency current can be adjusted appropriately to the associated motor‐drive system consisting of a motor and an inverter. As a versatile phase estimation method for estimating rotor phase using the high‐frequency current, the “mirror‐phase estimation method” is reconstructed and reproposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(3): 67–82, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20803     

A new three‐input/output characteristic‐varying filter in the D‐module for direct processing of three‐phase signals

This paper proposes a new three‐input and three‐output characteristic‐varying filter in the D‐module for direct processing of three‐phase signals, which are becoming indispensable for effective active compensation of three‐phase power such as harmonics current, negative phase current, reactive power, and varying voltage compensations. The filter in the D‐module can show different filtering characteristics to positive, negative, and zero phase components of three‐phase signals and can allow direct processing of the signals based on frequency polarities. The filter in the D‐module can also change dynamically its filtering characteristics by simply injecting a shift‐signal to itself. These filtering effects are obtained in a very simple manner using the D‐module. A new unified analysis of attractive general characteristics of the proposed filter in the D‐module is given for its easy designs and realizations as well. Effectiveness of the analysis and usefulness of the filter in the D‐module are newly examined and confirmed through experiments. The newly proposed filter in the D‐module has potential regarding a variety of three‐phase signal filtering applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(1): 28–38, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10170     

A new current control strategy based on the internal model principle for a current balancer in single‐phase three‐wire distribution systems

This paper proposes a new current control strategy that is based on the internal model principle for a current balancer in single‐phase three‐wire distribution systems. The proposed current control strategy includes a sinusoidal reference input model to achieve the zero steady‐state error tracking. The appropriate control gains of this control strategy can be systematically determined by using a state‐feedback controller design method via linear matrix inequalities. The basic principle of the proposed control strategy is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation using the PSIM software. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that zero steady‐state error tracking is achieved by the proposed control strategy. Also, balanced source currents are obtained on the secondary side of a pole‐mounted distribution transformer while the load conditions are unbalanced. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于傅里叶变换的高精度频率及相量算法

离散傅里叶变换(DFT)是电力系统中频率及相量测量的基本算法,作者首先从理论上分析了传统的离散傅里叶算法存在的测量误差,并在传统的离散傅里叶算法的基础上提出了一种前向递推的DFT算法,该算法利用3点DFT数据进行频率及相量的测量,有效减小了运算量,仿真试验验证了所提算法的正确性。仿真结果还表明,该算法能有效地减小由傅里叶算法引起的测量误差,具有测量精度高的优点。     

插入相位延迟测试新方法

插入相位延迟在天线罩的电性能监测中是十分重要的参数.本文首先陈述了测量插入相位延迟基本原理及关键技术,然后主要介绍了一种简化天线罩IPD测试仪中激励信号源的方法,根据基于离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的数字中频相位提取技术的特点,优化实现2路相干差频激励信号的生成,改善整个系统的噪声干扰,简化测试电路,缩小体积,降低整机成本.实验证明,达到了必要的稳定度,可实现工程优化的目的.     

基于泰勒展开模型的同步相量估计新算法

经典的离散傅里叶变换(DFT)算法在静态条件下具有较好的相量估计性能,但在动态条件下其估计精度往往达不到实际应用要求。文中分析了DFT算法在动态条件下产生估计误差的原因,在此基础上利用一阶泰勒模型对DFT算法进行修正,设计了满足动态要求的同步相量估计新算法。该算法利用一阶泰勒展开式对动态电力信号进行建模,然后引入相邻数据窗之间的相量变化率来表征相量一阶导数,通过相量一阶导数修正DFT算法的估计结果;最后将得到的中心时刻相量估计值相移到报告时刻,从而实现准确的相量估计。仿真分析及对实际采样数据的分析表明,该算法在频率偏移、低频振荡等动态情况下均优于DFT算法,具有一定的应用潜力。     

基于电压故障分量的超高压线路故障选相新方法

针对目前超高压线路中所用选相方法不能快速准确地识别所有故障类型的问题,提出一种基于电压故障分量和卡尔曼滤波算法的新型选相方法。该方法定义每相电压故障分量和其余两相电压故障分量差值的比值为故障相识别系数。通过研究该系数在不同故障条件下的变化特征,可实现快速选相的目的。仿真结果表明,在高压线路故障中利用卡尔曼滤波算法提取基波相量速度快、准确率高。同时该选相算法受过渡电阻、故障位置、故障初相角的影响很小,在半周波内可准确选出故障相,且在强弱电源侧均具有较高的选相灵敏度。     

电力系统次同步振荡分量的快速在线检测算法

电力电子装置及串联补偿装置的大量应用使得电力系统次同步振荡现象越来越普遍。针对这一问题,文中给出一种次同步振荡分量的快速提取方法,可有效抑制工频分量、谐波分量和噪声对次同步振荡分量测量的影响。该方法具有计算量小和响应速度快的优点,可实现在线测量分析。在此基础上,给出了电力系统次同步振荡分量的频率(模态)、幅值、相位的在线计算方法和抑制次同步振荡分量对工频量测影响的方法。仿真算例和实际算例验证了所述方法的有效性。     

频域谐波分析算法的新解释及其推广

在电力系统谐波分析的频域方法中,加汉宁窗插值算法应用较为广泛,其某些实现具有相似结构,只是选取的插值点数不同。为深入理解其内在本质,文中利用汉宁窗和矩形窗之间的关系,将已有的两种加汉宁窗算法转化成未加窗的等价形式,找出其中规律,并将其推广到通用的未加窗p点插值算法。在推导过程中,首先建立了多分量信号的未加窗离散傅里叶变换(DFT)值的近似模型,接着利用此近似模型分析出算法系数所需满足的两个条件,最后设计了满足条件的一组系数。当插值点数p为4或5时,所提算法等价于已有的两种加汉宁窗算法;p的最小允许值为3,此时算法具有最高的频域分辨率,并且不存在对应的基于汉宁窗的等价形式。结合改进后的DFT递推公式,所提算法所需计算量仅和插值点数p呈线性关系,因此能够大幅降低计算量,并为电网信号提供实时估计。仿真部分比较了算法采用不同插值点数p时的表现,实验部分将算法应用于三相电机电流信号的实时估计。     

A design method for robust model matching control of nonminimum‐phase discrete‐time systems

This paper presents a design method for robust model matching control of nonminimum‐phase discrete‐time systems. This scheme can robustly control the nominal model in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and can achieve the desired model matching simultaneously. Furthermore, the sufficient condition for stabilizing the nominal model in the presence of the unmodeled dynamics is derived and the existence of bounds for all signals is proved. Finally, computer simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 128(2): 36–44, 1999     

基于滑窗离散傅里叶变换检测及重复控制的有源电力滤波器

滑窗离散傅里叶变换的电流谐波检测算法和重复控制算法具有提高系统实时性、检测精度、易于实现等特点,在提高波形跟踪精度方面有较好的表现。该算法与PI控制并联,不仅保证了系统的动态性能,而且一定程度上消除了稳态误差。通过Matlab仿真,证明了该方法能显著改善滤波效果。