Antibacterial and biodegradable properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates grafted with chitosan and chitooligosaccharides via ozone treatment

Acrylic acid was grafted to ozone‐treated poly(3‐hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) and poly(3‐hydroxybutyric acid‐co‐3‐hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) membranes. The resulting membranes were further grafted with chitosan (CS) or chitooligosaccharide (COS) via esterification. These CS‐ or COS‐grafted membranes showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicilin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and S. aureus. The antibacterial activity to E. coli was the highest, whereas the antibacterial activity to MRSA was the lowest among these four bacteria tested. Acrylic acid grafting can increase the biodegradability with Alcaligens faecalis, whereas CS and COS grafting can reduce the biodegradability. In addition, CS‐grafted PHBV membrane showed higher antibacterial activity and lower biodegradability than COS‐grafted PHBV membrane. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 12: 2797–2803, 2003     

Fabrication and in vitro investigation of nanohydroxyapatite,chitosan, poly(L‐lactic acid) ternary biocomposite

The nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan/poly(L ‐lactic acid) (HA/CS/PLLA) ternary biocomposites were prepared by blending the hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) nanocomposites with poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) solution. Surface modification by grafting D ‐, L ‐lactic acid onto the HA/CS nanocomposites was designed to improve the bonding with PLLA. The FTIR and ¹³C‐NMR spectrum confirmed that the oligo(lactic acid) was successfully grafted onto the HA/CS nanocomposites, and the time‐dependent phase monitoring showed that the grafted copolymers were stable. The TEM morphology of the HA/CS/PLLA ternary nanocomposites showed that nano‐HA fibers were distributed homogeneously, compacted closely and wrapped tightly by the CS and PLLA matrix. The ternary biocomposites with the HA content of 60 and 67 wt % exhibited high compressive strength of about 160 MPa and suitable hydrophilicity. The in vitro tests exhibited that the ternary biocomposites have good biodegradability and bioactivity when immersed in SBF solutions. All the results suggested that the n‐HA/CS/PLLA ternary biocomposites are appropriate to application as bone substitute in bone tissue engineering. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Surface grafting of polyester fiber with chitosan and the antibacterial activity of pathogenic bacteria

Three polyesters—poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(2‐methyl‐1,3‐propylene terephthalate‐co‐ethylene terephthalate), and poly(1,4‐cyclohexylene terephthalate‐co‐ethylene terephthalate)—were preirradiated with ⁶⁰Co‐γ‐rays. Then, acrylic acid and N‐vinylformamide were grafted to these irradiated fibers. Fibers grafted with N‐vinylformamide were further hydrolyzed with acid so that the amide groups would convert into amino groups, and they were treated with glutaraldehyde so that aldehyde groups would be introduced. Chitosan or chitooligosaccharide was then grafted to these fibers via either esterification or imine formation. Four pathogenic bacteria—methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐1 (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus‐2, Escherichid coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa—were tested to determine the antibacterial activities of chitosan‐grafted and chitooligosaccharide‐grafted fibers. The results showed that grafting chitosan via imine formation could achieve a higher surface density for amino groups and give higher antibacterial activity to those four bacteria tested. The antibacterial activity for E. coli was the highest and that for MRSA was the lowest among the four bacteria tested. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2977–2983, 2002     

Gentamicin‐loaded poly(acrylic acid)‐grafted cotton fibers,part 1: Synthesis,characterization, and preliminary drug release study

This study describes preparation of poly (acrylic acid)‐grafted cotton fibers and release of antibiotic drug gentamicin sulfate from them under physiological conditions. Poly(acrylic acid) has been grafted onto cellulose backbone of cotton fibers via Ce(IV)‐initiated polymerization in aqueous medium. The conditions obtained for optimum grafting were as follows: initiation time 30 min; initiation temperature 37°C; monomer concentration 27.8 mM; grafting temperature 30°C; nitric acid (catalyst) concentration 0.1M. The grafted fibers were characterized by FTIR, TGA, and SEM analysis. The antibiotic drug gentamicin sulfate (GS) was loaded into the grafted fibers by equilibration method and release was studied under physiological conditions. The kinetic release data was interpreted by first‐order kinetic model. Finally, drug‐loaded fibers showed fair antibacterial action against Escherichia coli. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Graft copolymerization of an itaconic acid/acrylamide monomer mixture onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with benzoyl peroxide

A mixture of acrylamide (AAm) and itaconic acid (IA) was grafted onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers with benzoyl peroxide in aqueous media. The effects of polymerization conditions such as the temperature, polymerization time, initiator concentration, and monomer mixture ratio on grafting were investigated. The maximum graft yield was 76.1% with an AAm/IA mixture ratio of 90/10 (mol/mol). The graft yield was as low as 3% in the single grafting of IA, whereas the use of AAm as a comonomer increased the amount of IA that entered the fiber structure to 33.5%. An increase in the temperature from 65 to 85°C increased the grafting rate and saturation graft yield. However, an increase in the temperature above 85°C decreased the saturation graft yield. The graft yield increased up to an initiator concentration of 1.0 × 10^?2 M and decreased afterwards. The grafting rate was 0.65th‐ and 0.74th‐order with respect to the initiator and AAm concentrations, respectively. The densities, diameters, and moisture‐regain values of the AAm/IA‐grafted PET fibers increased with the graft yield. Similarly, there was an increase in the dyeability of the AAm/IA‐grafted fibers with acidic and basic dyes. The grafted fibers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis, and their morphologies were examined with scanning electron microscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1795–1803, 2005     

Functional finishing by using atmospheric pressure plasma: Grafting of PET nonwoven fabric

Poly (ethylene terephtalate) (PET) nonwoven fabric was treated with He/O₂ plasma to produce peroxides and grafted with acrylic acid (AA) for introducing carboxyl groups onto PET surface. The graft yield increased with AA concentration from 1.5M to 2.5M, and then decreased with further increase in AA concentration. Graft yield increased with sodium pyrosulfite (SPS) concentration from 0.005M to 0.02M, and then decreased with further increase of SPS concentration. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that both of plasma treatment and AA grafting increased oxygen content and decreased carbon content on the PET nonwoven fabric surface. The grafted PET nonwoven fabric showed increase in moisture regain and dye uptake. And drastic increase in wettability was observed after grafting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3655–3659, 2007     

Surface grafting polymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone onto a poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven by plasma pretreatment and its antibacterial activities

The objective of this research was the surface grafting polymerization of biocompatible monomer N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) onto a plasma‐treated nonwoven poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate with ultraviolet (UV)‐induced methods. The effects of various parameters, such as the monomer concentration, reaction time, initiator (ammonium peroxodisulfate) concentration, and crosslinking agent (N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide) concentration, on the grafting percentage were studied. The grafting efficiency of the modified nonwoven PET surfaces reached a maximum at 50 min of UV irradiation and with a 30 wt % aqueous NVP solution. After the plasma activation and/or grafting, the hydrophobic surface of the nonwoven was modified into a hydrophilic surface. NVP was successfully grafted onto nonwoven PET surfaces. The surface wettability showed that the water absorption of NVP‐grafted nonwoven PET (NVP‐g‐nonwoven PET) increased with increasing grafting time. NVP‐g‐nonwoven PET was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy measurements. An antibacterial assessment using an anti‐Staphylococcus aureus test indicated that S. aureus was restrained from growing in NVP‐g‐nonwoven PET. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 803–809, 2006     

Synthesis of modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with antibacterial properties and their characterization

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers were grafted with vinyl monomers by utilizing benzoyl peroxide. Grafted PET fibers were modified in optimized conditions with several functional groups such as amine, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide_, and triclosan to gain antibacterial feature. The second part of this study comprised examination of the antibacterial features of PET fibers via use of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) bacteria. Kirby-Bauer test is used to study antibacterial properties. The longest zone diameter for Trc-GMA-g-PET fibers was 56?mm for E. Coli whereas the biggest diameter for S. aureus bacteria was 130?mm with Trc-MMA-g-PET fibers.     

Radiation‐induced graft copolymerization of acrylic acid/acrylonitrile onto LDPE and PET films and its biodegradability

Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid/acrylonitrile (AAc/AN) comonomer onto low‐density poly(ethylene) (LDPE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films using direct radiation grafting technique has been investigated. The effect of different reaction conditions on the grafting yield was studied. The structure of the grafted films at different compositions was characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM, and XRD. Biodegradation of grafted LDPE and PET was investigated by burial method in two types of Egyptian soils (agricultural and desert soils). The bacteria responsible for biodegradation were isolated and characterized, and the capacities for the growth on these polymers as substrates were compared. The isolates from agricultural soil were characterized as Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Proteus, and Enterobacter, whereas the isolates from desert soil were characterized as Alcaligenes, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. The highest degradation rate was found to be achieved using agricultural soil. It is found that the isolated strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas were mainly responsible for the degradation of both polymers. It has also been found that the increase of AAc ratio in the composition increases the hydrophilicity of the films and the degradation rate. PET polymer is generally found to be more resistant to the biodegradation than LDPE in the two types of soils tested. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Preparation,characterization, and antibacterial activities of quaternarized N‐halamine‐grafted cellulose fibers

A viable method for coating of cellulose fiber with quaternarized N‐halamine is reported in this article. The use of quaternary ammonium salt group in combination with N‐halamine group can reinforce the antibacterial activity. The chemical structure of as‐synthesized N‐halamine precursor 4‐(Bromo‐acetic acid methylester)‐4‐ethyl‐2‐ oxazolidinone (BEO) was characterized by ¹H‐NMR. The cellulose fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra and X‐ray photoelectron spectra. The spectra data confirmed that the quaternarized N‐halamine‐grafted cellulose fibers were successfully obtained. The antibacterial properties of functional fibers were challenged with both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The antibacterial tests and showed that the as‐prepared antibacterial cellulose fibers exhibited powerful and rapid bactericidal performance against both Gram negative E. coli and Gram positive S. aureus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42702.     

Grafting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto Antheraea assama silk fiber

Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto nonmulberry silk fiber Antheraea assama was investigated in aqueous medium using the KMnO₄–oxalic acid redox system. Grafting (%) was determined as a function of the reaction time, temperature, and monomer and initiator concentrations. The rate of grafting increased progressively with increase of the reaction time up to 4 h and then decreased. The extent of grafting was maximum at 55°C. The extent was also dependent upon monomer and initiator concentrations up to 75.5 × 10^?2 and 6 × 10^?3 M, respectively. The grafted products were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy and their thermal decompositions were studied by TG and DTG techniques in static air at 20°C min^?1 and 30°C min^?1 in the range 30–800°C. The kinetic parameters for ungrafted and grafted fibers were evaluated using the Coats and Redfern method. The grafted products were found to be thermally more stable than were those of the ungrafted fibers. The surface characteristics of the ungrafted and grafted fibers were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The water‐retention values (WRVs) of the grafted fibers were in decreasing order with increase in the grafting (%). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2633–2641, 2001     

Surface characterization and antibacterial activity of chitosan‐grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) prepared by plasma glow discharge

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) texture was exposed to oxygen plasma glow discharge to produce peroxides on its surfaces. These peroxides were then used as catalysts for the polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) in order to prepare a PET introduced by a carboxylic acid group (PET‐A). Chitosan and quaternized chitosan (QC) were then coupled with the carboxyl groups on the PET‐A to obtain chitosan‐grafted PET (PET‐A‐C) and QC‐grafted PET (PET‐A‐QC), respectively. These surface‐modified PETs were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and a contact angle goniometer. The amounts of AA, chitosan, and QC grafted on the PET surfaces as determined by the gravimetric method were about 6, 8, and 9 μg/cm², respectively. The antibacterial activity of the surface‐modified PET textures was investigated using a shake flask method. After 6 h of shaking, the growth of bacteria was markedly inhibited by PET with ionically (86% in PET‐A^?‐C⁺) and covalently (75% in PET‐A‐C) grafted chitosan and with covalently grafted QC (83% in PET‐A‐QC). After the laundering the inhibition of the growth of the bacteria was maintained in the range of 48–58%, showing the fastness of the chitosan‐grafted PET textures against laundering. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2769–2778, 2001     

Surface modification of nylon‐6 fibers for medical applications

Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) is considered to be one of the important vinyl monomers. The ability of polyhydroxyethyl‐methacylate (PHEMA) graft sites to consecutive chemical modification makes the use of nylon‐6 fibers grafted with PHEMA a feasible bed for immobilization of a wide range of biologically active reagents, specially enzymes, drugs, cells, and immunadsorbents. Stemming from the above discussions, in this article, the graft copolymerization of HEMA onto modified nylon‐6 fibers containing Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) in the presence of Cu²⁺–K₂S₂O₈ as a redox initiating system was carried out, with very high rate and almost without homopolymer formation. The factors affecting the grafting reaction (monomer, K₂S₂O₈ and cupric ion concentrations, the amount of PDADMAC as well as the reaction temperature) were studied. Kinetic investigation revealed that the rate of grafting (R_p) of HEMA onto modified nylon‐6 fibers is proportional to [HEMA]¹, [CuSO₄.5H₂O] ^0.7, [PDADMAC]^0.4, and [K₂S₂O₈]^1.4. The overall activation energy was calculated (71 KJ/mol). The fine structure, surface topography, thermal and electrical properties of parent and grafted nylon‐6 fibers were investigated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3788–3796, 2007     

Lipases improve the grafting of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics with acrylic acid

In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics were modified with two types of commercial lipases, namely, Lipex and Lipolase, and grafted with acrylic acid (AA) to improve their absorption properties. The effects of the enzyme concentration, reaction temperature, time, and pH on the grafting of AA onto PET were investigated. The pretreatment of PET with lipases increased the amount of AA that was introduced to the PET fibers, whereas AA grafting onto the untreated PET fabrics led to lower graft yields. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the AA‐grafted pretreated polyester fabrics. A new band appearing at 1546 cm^?1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum implied that AA was introduced onto the PET fabrics. The surfaces of the fabric fibers presented in scanning electron microscopy micrographs clearly indicated the formation of a layer of grafted poly (acrylic acid). The results show that the density of surface grafting was improved by the lipase pretreatment. The increase in grafting was higher for Lipex than for Lipolase. The highest graft yield was obtained with 1% Lipex and Lipolase for 30 min at pH values of 7 and 5, respectively. There were no significant changes in the tenacity or weight reduction of the fabrics. The moisture content of the samples increased linearly with increasing graft yield. This was higher for the pretreated fabrics grafted with Lipex. A higher color strength was obtained for grafted PET samples that were pretreated with Lipex when they were dyed in alkaline aqueous solutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Adsorption behavior of Congo red from an aqueous solution on 4‐vinyl pyridine grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers

In this study, a reactive fibrous adsorbent was prepared through the grafting of 4‐vinyl pyridine monomer onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers for the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from an aqueous solution with the batch adsorption method. Effects of various parameters such as the grafting yield, pH, treatment time, and initial dye concentration on the amount of adsorption of the dye onto the reactive fibers were investigated. The effective pH was 4.0 for adsorption on grafted PET fibers. The sufficient time to attain equilibrium was 150 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of the reactive fibers for CR was 17.3 mg/g of fiber. The rates of adsorption conformed to pseudo‐second‐order kinetics with good correlation. The adsorption isotherm of CR fit a Langmuir‐type isotherm. The reactive fibers were stable and regenerable by acid and base without loss of activity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Surface characterization of 8‐quinolinyl acrylate‐grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) prepared by plasma glow discharge and it's antibacterial activity

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film was exposed to oxygen plasma glow discharge to produce peroxides on its surface. These peroxides were then used as catalysts for the polymerization of 8‐quinolinyl acrylate (QA) to prepare the PET grafted with QA (PET‐Q). The surface‐modified PET was characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The introduction of QA to the PET surface was confirmed by observing the presence of nitrogen in the XPS survey scan and high‐resolution spectra. The amount of QA grafted on to the PET surface as measured by the gravimetric method was about 5.2 μg cm^?2. The antibacterial activity of the surface‐modified PET texture was investigated by using a shake‐flask and an inhibition zone test method. After 6 h of shaking, the PET grafted with QA showed the inhibition (91%) of the growth of the gram‐positive microorganism, S. aureus. Even after laundering ten times, an effectiveness of the inhibition was found. However, little inhibition was shown with the gram‐negative microorganism, K. pneumoniae. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 863–868, 2006     

Syntheses,characterization, and antibacterial activity of chitosan grafted hydrogels and associated mica‐containing nanocomposite hydrogels

Chitosan (CS) grafted poly[(acrylic acid)‐co‐(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)] (CS‐g‐poly(AA‐co‐HEMA)) at different molar ratios of AA and HEMA, and the associated nanocomposite hydrogels of CS‐g‐poly(AA‐co‐HEMA)/mica were synthesized by radical copolymerization. The grafting positions at the amino or hydroxyl groups in the CS were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. CS‐g‐poly(AA‐co‐HEMA) hydrogels were intercalated in the mica and the amount of hydrogel insertion did not affect the spacing of the silicate layers in mica. The higher mica loadings produced a rougher surface of the nanocomposite hydrogel. The water absorbency of the CS‐g‐poly(AA‐co‐HEMA)/mica nanocomposite hydrogels decreased with increasing levels of mica loading to a lower level than those of the CS‐g‐poly(AA‐co‐HEMA) hydrogels. Both CS‐g‐poly(AA) and CS‐g‐poly(AA‐co‐HEMA)/mica nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited a higher antiproliferative activity against Staphylococcus aureus than did the neat CS hydrogel with CS‐g‐poly(AA) revealing a very pronounced minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 1.56 mg mL^?1. The extent of mica loading in the CS‐g‐poly(AA‐co‐HEMA) nanocomposite hydrogels did not affect the MIC (12.5 mg mL^?1). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Radiation grafting of acrylic acid/N‐vinyl pyrrolidone binary mixture onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric and growth of human mesenchymal stem cell

Radiation grafting of acrylic acid (AA)/N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) binary mixture onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) knittings was investigated by preirradiation technique. The influence of the grafting conditions, such as monomer composition, reaction temperature, and the effect of storage time with temperature after irradiation on the degree of grafting was determined. ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy analysis of the grafted knittings confirmed the existence of amide group of NVP in the knittings. The concentration of peroxides and effect of storage time on peroxide concentration were also determined by 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl at different temperatures. There was an increase in surface roughness of grafted PET in comparison to virgin PET as determined by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The grafted knittings were subsequently immobilized with collagen Type I which was further apt for the study of growth and morphology of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC). The immobilization of collagen on PET knittings has provided an excellent surface for the growth of hMSCs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Modification of chitosan onto PE by irradiation in salt solutions and possible use as Cu2+ complex film for pest snail control

Chitosan‐grafted‐polyethylene (CS‐g‐PE) film was prepared using simultaneous radiation‐inducing grafting technique. The copper ion (Cu²⁺) adsorptivity on the CS‐g‐PE film was determined. The CS‐hydroxybenzyltriazole (CS‐HOBt), CS‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide (CS‐NHS), CS‐acetic acid (CS‐HOAc), and CS‐glutathione (CS‐GSH) were used as CS‐salts in aqueous solutions. Among these grafting solution systems, the CS‐g‐PE film prepared from CS‐HOBt solution showed the greatest grafting amount and highest Cu²⁺ adsorptivity, up to 30.2% (1.51 ppm, 7.56 µg cm^?2). The effects of the CS‐HOBt concentration and mixing solution on the grafting amount were also observed to clarify their efficacies to assist radiation‐induced grafting reaction. SEM/EDS mapping, ICP and XRF were used to clarify the Cu²⁺ adsorption capacity of the CS‐g‐PE film and the stability of Cu²⁺ on the CS‐g‐PE complex film. The Cu²⁺ showed its stability on the CS‐g‐PE film at room temperature in neutral and basic solutions. The Cu²⁺‐‐‐CS‐g‐PE complex film reduced pest snail breeding as high as 54%. The success of this observation is a new approach to modify PE surface with a functional biopolymer, CS containing Cu²⁺ complex for controlling pest snail breeding. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41204.     

Biofunctionalization of commercially pure titanium with chitosan/hydroxyapatite biocomposite via silanization: evaluation of biological performances

Chitosan (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HA) bioactive molecules have been grafted onto commercially pure titanium surfaces (cpTi) to promote osteoblast adhesion and bone growth. The major challenge of this type of grafting is the attachment of the CS/HA biocomposite to the cpTi surface. In this study cpTi is biofunctionalized with CS/HA biocomposite material via silanization and the coated specimens were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle measurement and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The cpTi specimens were further evaluated for their in vitro bioactivity, hemocompatibility, protein adsorption and cell viability. The SEM micrographs showed uniform coatings adhered on cpTi specimens. The XRD and ATR-FTIR confirmed the presence of CS and HA on the cpTi specimens. The coated specimens showed improved in vitro bioactivity and hemocompatibilty along with enhanced adsorption of specific proteins. The cell viability studies showed non-cytotoxic nature of all the specimens and exhibited greater cell viability in the titanium CS/HA specimens. Hence, the studies showed that functionalized cpTi with covalent coating of CS/HA has significant potential in biomedical device implantation with improved bioactive properties.