18Ni马氏体时效钢时效机理的研究

采用小角Ｘ射线散射、Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱、透射电镜等方法研究了１８Ｎｉ马氏体时效钢的时效过程。结果表明，１８Ｎｉ合金在固溶处理后５００℃等温时效过程中，首先发生调幅分解，然后在调幅组织的Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－Ｔｉ富集区以原位形核方式析出含Ｆｅ的Ｎｉ３（Ｍｏ、Ｔｉ）型金属间化合物，随时效时间延长，Ｎｉ３Ｍｏ和Ｎｉ３Ｔｉ粒子聚集长大并部分溶解，同时析出球形Ｆｅ２Ｍｏ金属间化合物，并形成逆转变奥氏体。     

热处理对12Ni无钴马氏体时效钢微观组织和性能的影响

研究了高温固溶和时效热处理对12Ni无钴马氏体时效钢微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在原始固溶态试样中存在粒状和长粒状析出相,经能谱分析为Fe(Mo,Ti)或Fe2Ti型金属间化合物,消耗了大量的强化元素Mo,导致合金时效处理后强度不足(1100MPa);高温固溶处理后消除了粗大析出相,获得单一的板条马氏体组织;进一步改进时效热处理工艺,合金组织呈现弥散分布的纳米尺度的Ni3Mo、Ni3Ti强化相,使合金强度显著提高,达到1225MPa。     

18Ni马氏体时效钢铸件组织和力学性能

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和万能电子材料试验机对马氏体时效钢铸件的组织和力学性能进行了考察。结果表明,马氏体时效钢铸件热处理后强度较高,受制于其内部铸造缺陷。     

超高强度18Ni无钴马氏体时效钢的力学性能

研究了2000MPa级18Ni无钴马氏体时效钢的热处理对微观结构和力学性能的影响,并对无钴马氏体时效钢的强韧化机理进行了探讨.结果表明,固溶态18Ni无钴马氏体时效钢的硬度几乎不受固溶温度和固溶时间的影响;峰时效时屈服强度达到2000MPa以上,δ和KIc分别为9％,70Ma·m1/2,强度和韧性达到最佳配合.TEM观察表明,18Ni无钴马氏体时效钢通过在高密度位错基体中时效析出纳米尺度沉淀相Ni3（Mo,Ti）而实现强韧化,沉淀强化遵循Orowan位错绕过机制.     

T-250马氏体时效钢管径缩现象机理研究

研究马氏体时效钢管工艺过程的组织变化和径缩现象的原因,结果表明,材料经过旋压后,形貌发生明显的扭曲且边缘地区硬度增大。经固溶处理后,颗粒细化并且形貌恢复正常,残余应力消除。时效处理后,部分马氏体转变为奥氏体,并产生沉淀强化相。分析认为,马氏体时效钢的径缩现象主要因旋压后的热处理使形变残余应力消除,晶粒有序化和马氏体奥氏体相的转变所造成,沉淀析出相也有部分贡献。     

18Ni马氏体时效钢的相变超塑性

本文研究了18Ni(2450MPa级)马氏体时效钢的相变超塑性。通过冷变形量、应力以及冷却速度对相变应变影响规律的研究,开发了该合金的相变超塑性成形工艺。当冷变形量为60％时,在最佳工艺条件下,经14cyc γ?α’循环相变,可获得320％的极限延伸率。经TEM观察发现,该合金应力诱发马氏体形态为块状马氏体。     

钴含量对马氏体时效钢时效组织的影响研究

马氏体时效钢以其超高的强度及优良的综合力学性能广泛应用于宇航结构钢、火箭发动机外壳等航空航天领域。该材料可以通过在中等温度下进行时效处理析出纳米级的析出相来实现组织强化,具有超高强度、高延展性和高韧性。不同钴含量对马氏体时效钢的时效组织具有较大影响,但目前钴元素在材料时效组织的作用机制目前仍存在争议,相关方面研究较少。本文设计并制备了成分为6%～12%(质量分数)钴含量的马氏体时效钢,并对其时效组织进行测试和表征。实验结果表明,随着钴含量的升高,时效组织的马氏体板条宽度减小,位错密度升高,材料内部的纳米析出相由富Mo相逐渐转变为Ni₃Ti相。     

无钴马氏体时效钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能分析

对18Ni无Co马氏体时效钢进行了真空电子束焊接,用金相显微镜观察了焊接接头的组织形貌,并测定了焊缝区、热影响区、基体的显微硬度.结果表明,18Ni无Co马氏体时效钢组织为板条马氏体组织,材料焊接性能良好,焊缝区凝固组织为胞状树枝晶,熔合线附近热影响区晶粒发生了再结晶,晶粒长大明显.硬度分布有明显的规律性,焊缝区硬度最低,细晶区硬度最高,熔合线附近的热影响区,离熔合线越远,硬度值越高.在距熔合线2.5 mm处有一个马氏体与奥氏体两相混合的狭窄区域,硬度较其两侧有明显降低.     

18Ni系马氏体时效钢焊条的研制

研制了一种18Ni系马氏体时效钢焊条,主要用于现场补焊,通过反复调整焊芯和药皮成分,确定了合适的焊芯合金成分和焊条药皮组成.采用该配方试制的焊条进行了一系列焊接试验及力学性能试验,并使用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）分析了微观组织及断口形貌.结果表明,该焊条具有良好的操作工艺性,飞溅小,脱渣性良好,在经时效热处理后,熔敷金属力学性能优良,磷硫杂质元素及扩散氢含量低,与母材有着良好的强韧性匹配.     

时效时间对SLM 18Ni300马氏体时效钢组织性能的影响

对激光选区熔化(Selective laser melting,SLM)成形马氏体时效钢进行固溶及500℃时效不同时间的热处理,分析时效时间对其组织性能的影响.结果表明:SLM 18Ni300钢经固溶+时效处理后,其组织为马氏体、逆转变奥氏体和Ni3(Mo,Ti)析出相,随时效时间增加,析出相数量逐渐增加并聚集长大,同...     

Different Behavior in Electron Beam Welding of 18 Ni Co-free Maraging Steels

Microstructures of two different 18 Ni Co-free maraging specimens A and B and their electron beam (EB) weld joints were investigated comparatively by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is shown that both of the steels are typical lath martensite; however, grain size of specimen A is about three times as large as that of specimen B. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that the amount of the reverted austenitic phase in A is obviously less than that in B. Most of the austenite distributes in plate form along grain and lath boundaries while some of it distributes as fine particles within the matrix. The microstructural differences between the two specimens led to diverse behaviors in EB welding. The specimen A is weldable but B shows obvious welding defects of pits and burn-through holes in weld face. The welding microstructure exhibits a typical dendritic morphology, and the grains in the heat-affected zone recrystallized and grew because of high temperatures of welding EB. The weldablity of the examined materials is related to the microstructure characteristics that markedly affected thermal conduction performance.     

时效温度对18Ni(250)马氏体时效钢低周疲劳性能的影响

采用光学金相(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和疲劳寿命测试等方法研究了1700 MPa级18Ni(250)马氏体时效钢在不同时效温度下的疲劳性能。结果表明,18Ni(250)马氏体时效钢在480 ℃时效处理具有最佳力学性能和低周疲劳性能;循环应力响应行为呈现出软化特性,滞后回线几乎为直线,塑性应变量很小;不同时效温度下,疲劳条带与裂纹扩展方向相垂直,疲劳条带和瞬断区形貌均不同。     

18Ni马氏体时效钢原始奥氏体晶界显示方法

利用光学显微镜(蔡司)，在室温下，通过配制不同成分、浓度浸蚀剂和化学浸蚀方法，对经不同温度处理后的18Ni马氏体时效钢的原始奥氏体晶界显示方法进行了系统研究。结果表明：采用腐蚀性强、浓度高的浸蚀剂只能获得18Ni马氏体时效钢的金相显微组织，而采用体积比为4%的硝酸酒精溶液，对800~925 ℃固溶空冷后的18Ni马氏体时效钢试样进行化学浸蚀，能清晰地显示出18Ni马氏体时效钢试样原始奥氏体晶界，并可以进行准确的晶粒度级别数评定。     

The rolling texture of 18% Ni-350 maraging steel

Texture development in hot rolled sheet and hot forged tube of 18%Ni- 350 maraging steel has been studied after various degrees of cold deformation and flow turning, respectively. Hot rolled sheet exhibited considerable mechanical anisotropy. Weak texture development was observed following flow turning compared to cold deformation. Above 80% deformation, an increase in work hardening was accompanied by an increase in the orientation density of the texture component (001 )[110]. Deformation of 97% leads to the development of the texture component (111)[110], with the highest orientation density 10.3 times random and a constant orientation density of 9 times random along (φ1 at ϕ = 55° and φ2 = 45°. This texture was correlated with the appearance of shear bands in the microstructure.     

T250无钴马氏体时效钢薄壁件焊接工艺试验

为了确保T250无钴马氏体时效钢薄壁筒形压力容器的焊接质量和可靠性,制备薄壁片状、筒形焊接试件及角焊缝焊接试件进行了钨极氩弧焊焊接工艺试验。试验结果表明,T250钢具有良好的焊接性,薄壁件钨极氩弧焊不易出现冷裂纹,焊前不需预热,焊后不需进行消除应力的热处理;焊接时,应严格控制焊接电流,防止出现焊接缺陷;焊接后,焊接接头的强度不高,需要通过时效或固溶+时效处理才能达到超高强度钢的强度,其时效工序不可忽视。     

Reclamation and additional alloying of 18Ni(350) maraging steel

The possibility of gainfully utilizing grade 18Ni(350) maraging steel scrap has been investigated, along with the effect of additional alloying with niobium. A vacuum induction melting and casting furnace was used for melting and additional alloying. The cast ingots were hot forged and their properties compared with those of the stock material. The composition of the reprocessed material was found to be within the prescribed range for 18Ni(350) steel, except for some loss in titanium content. The hardness and tensile strength of the recycled steel were similar to those of the stock material. A slight decrease in hardness in the aged condition could be attributed to loss of titanium during remelting. Charpy V- notch impact test-ing indicated significantly higher toughness in the remelted material; this has been attributed to a homo-geneous, refined microstructure and a lower level of inclusions. Additional alloying with 2% Nb not only improved the mechanical properties but also affected the amount of reverted austenite obtained after ag-ing.     

时效温度对18Ni350马氏体时效钢缺口效应和延迟断裂的影响

通过在空气中进行慢位移速率缺口拉伸试验研究了不同时效温度对18Ni350马氏体时效钢的缺口效应和延迟断裂行为的影响。结果表明,极限抗拉强度较低的420 ℃和450 ℃欠时效试样对缺口的敏感性较高,并表现出明显的延迟断裂敏感性。480 ℃时效试样的极限抗拉强度略低于510 ℃峰时效,但缺口抗拉强度高出100 MPa以上,因此480 ℃时效可降低缺口敏感性。540 ℃过时效试样的极限抗拉强度下降的同时缺口敏感性仍较高,但有益于降低延迟断裂敏感性。