电动大巴电池箱内壁用高绝缘阻燃防火涂料

以新型聚硅氧烷为基料、高绝缘材料为填料、高效复合型阻燃剂为防火剂.与N-7固化剂配制成高绝缘阻燃防火涂料.该涂料绝缘、防火性能优良,在0.4 mg/cm2盐密、2.0 mg/cm2灰密下的污闪电气强度在36.9 kV/m以上;经1 100℃×2 h明火后涂膜完好.     

钠钙硅酸盐玻璃和铅玻璃的离子溅射抛光

采用20keV的离子注入机对钠钙硅酸盐玻璃和中铅玻璃进行离子溅射抛光.玻璃样品在N 离子剂量为1×1014ions/cm2、1×1017ions/cm2,束流强度150μA/cm2于室温下抛光.讨论了离子溅射抛光后玻璃表面的形貌.     

含芴酮桥基纯有机光敏染料的合成及性能

设计合成了以芴酮为π桥基的纯有机光敏染料BFA,并利用高分辨质谱(HRMS)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)及核磁共振碳谱(13CNMR)对其结构进行了表征。研究了该染料的光物理和电化学性质,并将其应用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)的制作中。在100 mW/cm2(AM 1.5)模拟太阳光的照射下,由其所制作的敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率为2.51%;开路电压(Voc)、短路电流密度(Jsc)、填充因子(FF)分别为0.73 V、4.46 mA/cm2和0.77。     

聚丙烯/秸秆粉木塑复合材料的辐射改性及其结构与性能研究

在聚丙烯/秸秆粉(PP/CSF)复合材料加工过程中,以多官能团单体三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)为辐射敏化剂,研究电子束敏化辐射对PP/CSF复合材料力学性能、吸水性能、热性能和断面微结构的影响,并对电子束敏化辐射改性PP/CSF复合材料的机理进行了初步探索。结果表明:电子束敏化辐射能够改善PP/CSF复合材料的力学性能、吸水性能、热稳定性能和界面相容性。当TMPTMA用量为8%、辐射剂量为100 kGy时,PP/CSF复合材料界面相容性良好,热稳定性提高,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别提高了79%、93%和15%,吸水率降低了45%。电子束敏化辐射诱导PP/CSF复合材料发生的接枝支化和交联反应成功解决了亲水性CSF与疏水性PP之间不相容的问题,制备出综合性能优异的PP/CSF复合材料,具有广阔的应用前景。     

有机硅改性端羟基聚酯的合成

在二月桂酸二丁基锡的催化作用下,通过有机硅预聚体与端羟基聚酯的缩聚合成了系列有机硅改性聚酯。用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析了改性聚酯的结构。以钛酸四正丁酯为固化剂成膜后,检测了改性聚酯涂层耐热性、耐腐蚀性及机械性能。改性聚酯涂层具有良好的性能,按端羟基聚酯和有机硅树脂质量比1∶1改性后,涂层的附着力达1级,铅笔硬度达4 H,冲击强度大于50 kg.cm,可耐400~450℃的高温;涂层阻抗由2.8×107Ω.cm2提高到1.1×108Ω.cm2,腐蚀电位由-0.671 V增至-0.536 V,腐蚀电流密度由4.562×10-5A/cm2降至6.194×10-7A/cm2,极化电阻由4.812 kΩ/cm2提高到57.019 kΩ/cm2。     

315/60R22.5载重子午线雪地轮胎的设计

介绍315/60R22.5雪地轮胎的设计。模具设计:外径960mm,断面宽320mm,行驶面宽270mm,行驶面弧度高12mm,胎圈着合直径569.8mm,着合宽度266mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)0.856,胎面采用混合型花纹,3D钢片设计,花纹深度22mm。施工设计:胎体采用0.22+(6+12)×0.20HT钢丝帘线,采用0°带束层结构,1~#、2~#带束层采用3+8×0.33HT钢丝帘线,密度为45根/100cm;3~#带束层采用5×0.35HI钢丝帘线,密度为40根/100cm;0°带束层采用3×7×0.20HE钢丝帘线。成品轮胎测试结果表明,轮胎的外缘尺寸、强度性能、耐久性能和滚动阻力、噪声、雪地性能均满足要求。     

Hoesch反应合成2,3,4-三羟基二苯甲酮和2,4,6-三羟基二苯甲酮

分别以焦性没食子酸和间苯三酚为原料,乙酸乙酯为溶剂,在氯化氢和ZnCl2催化下与苯甲腈发生Hoesch反应,合成2,3,4-三羟基二苯甲酮和2,4,6-三羟基二苯甲酮,其紫外光谱的最大吸收峰分别在308和311 nm,摩尔吸光系数分别为1.535×104和1.297×104 L/cm·mol,均是良好的UVB段紫外线吸...     

Er3+:Yb3+:Y3Al5O12单晶中Er3+离子光谱参数的计算

采用提拉法生长出光学质量的Er3 :Yb3 :Y3Al5O12(YAG)单晶,测定了晶体的吸收光谱和上转换荧光光谱,根据Judd-Ofelt理论,计算出Er3 在YAG晶体中的强度参数Ω2=1.074 1×10-20cm2,Ω4=1.295 3×1020cm2,Ω6=0.923 8×1020cm2.由此得到部分波段跃迁的荧光分支比、辐射寿命和积分发射截面积.提出将679 nm波段的4F9/2→4I15/2跃迁作为激光输出进一步研究的新通道.     

含异靛单元染料的合成及在DSSC中的研究

我们以三苯胺为电子给体,氰基丙烯酸为电子受体和锚定基团,首次使用窄带隙共轭单元异靛设计合成了一个D-π-A型全有机染料TPAID1,对其进行在染料敏化太阳能电池中的性能进行了一些列的表征,测定了染料在氯仿溶剂中的紫外-可见吸收光谱,并对其进行了DSSC器件表征,在AM 1.5 G,100 mW/cm2下,染料TPAID1的电池能量转换效率为0.59%(Jsc=1.59 mA/cm2,Voc=0.55 V,FF=0.69)。     

Ce:Nd:ZnWO4激光晶体的生长及其光谱性能

采用提拉法生长出光学质量的Nd:ZnWO4,Ce:ZnWO4和Ce:Nd:ZnWO4晶体.通过X射线衍射仪对晶体样品的微观结构进行了分析.测试了晶体的吸收光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱和荧光光谱.根据Judd-Ofelt理论计算出Nd:ZnWO4晶体中Nd3 的强度参数为:Ω2=6.820 2×10-20 cm2,Ω4=0.463 3×10-20 cm2,Ω6=0.443 5×10-20 cm2.研究了Ce3 和Nd3 之间的能量转移现象.结果表明:Nd3 在850 nm激发时产生上转换发射峰位于474 nm和572 nm处,分别对应于2G9/2,4K13/2到基态能级4I9/2跃迁,计算出该峰的自发辐射几率为1 360 s-1,荧光寿命为7.353×10-4 s,发射截面为0.905 9×10-23 cm2.     

Radial n-i-p structure SiNW-based microcrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells on flexible stainless steel

Radial n-i-p structure silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based microcrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells on stainless steel foil was fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The SiNW solar cell displays very low optical reflectance (approximately 15% on average) over a broad range of wavelengths (400 to 1,100 nm). The initial SiNW-based microcrystalline (μc-Si:H) thin-film solar cell has an open-circuit voltage of 0.37 V, short-circuit current density of 13.36 mA/cm², fill factor of 0.3, and conversion efficiency of 1.48%. After acid treatment, the performance of the modified SiNW-based μc-Si:H thin-film solar cell has been improved remarkably with an open-circuit voltage of 0.48 V, short-circuit current density of 13.42 mA/cm², fill factor of 0.35, and conversion efficiency of 2.25%. The external quantum efficiency measurements show that the external quantum efficiency response of SiNW solar cells is improved greatly in the wavelength range of 630 to 900 nm compared to the corresponding planar film solar cells.     

Dicationic bis-imidazolium molten salts for efficient dye sensitized solar cells: Synthesis and photovoltaic properties

New dicationic bis-imidazolium salts based ionic liquids were synthesized to develop new electrolytes to improve photovoltaic properties of dye sensitized solar cells. Various properties of electrolytes such as viscosities, ion diffusion coefficients, charge transfer resistances and photovoltaic properties were studied. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been performed to investigate diffusion coefficients and charge transfer resistances. Influence of polarity and chain length on the photovoltaic performance, was investigated. A DSSC employing the K34 (butyl-1,4-bis(3-methyl imidazolium iodide) gives an open-circuit voltage of 0.64 V, a short-circuit current of 17.11 mA/cm² and conversion efficiency of 5.60% under light intensity of 100 mW/cm² while the DSSC based on 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide which is a reference ionic liquid exhibited 5.64% efficiency due to the lowest viscosity, highest diffusion coefficient.     

Carbon nanotube incorporation: A new route to improve the performance of organic–inorganic heterojunction solar cells

Incorporation of oxidized camphoric multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNs) in the polymer layer of regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene)/n-Si heterojunction solar cell is observed to improve the performance of the device by many folds. We report power conversion efficiency, open circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor of 0.175%, 0.22 V, 2.915 mA/cm², 0.27 respectively, for an un-optimized cell containing MWCNs. Reference cells without MWCNs show much lower performance. Improved device performance is due to better hole transport, easy exciton splitting and suppression of charge carrier recombination as a result of incorporation of MWCNs. MWCNs, being low cost materials, seem to be promising materials for improving device performance of organic–inorganic heterojunction solar cells.     

天然色素敏化纳米晶TiO_2太阳能电池研究

介绍了天然色素敏化纳米晶太阳能电池的制作过程。应用分光光度计对大量天然色素进行光谱表征,从中选择与太阳光匹配的光敏化剂,以提高太阳能电池的光电转化率及降低其成本。该电池在全色光的照射下,转化阳光为电能的效率达到2.1%。开路电压为0.53V,短路光电流为4.2mA/cm2。比较所测量到的太阳能电池的光电转换效率时,认为电子被氧化还原介质重捕获而无法有效输送限制了电池的效率。     

Tuning the band gap edges of perovskite material by Cd doping for achieving high current density in perovskite solar cells

Defect-free perovskite materials are necessary for developing efficient solar cells. On FTO-glass substrates (0%, 3%, and 6%), cadmium-doped methylammonium lead bromide (Cd-MAPbBr₃) films have been deposited. Doping does not affect the cubic crystal structure of MAPbBr₃; however, it has increased the grain size, according to XRD. The band gap is decreased at 3% of Cd doping, due to which the deep-level traps are decreased. Every cell shows good performance, but the cell formed with 3% Cd doping has a high fill factor (0.81), open circuit voltage (1.04 V), considerable short-circuit current density (7.2 mA/cm²), and efficiency (6.05%). The high open circuit voltages and current density refer to the accumulation of charges at the holes and electrons transport layers being reduced due to Cd doping.     

Membrane-based electrolyte sheets for facile fabrication of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

New electrolyte sheets based on porous polyethylene membranes for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells have been developed. Ionic liquid electrolytes are accommodated in commercial polyethylene membranes to form the electrolyte sheets. The morphology of membranes and iodine concentrations in ionic liquid are varied. The electrochemical measurement results show that the morphology, pore structure, and iodine concentration affect mass transport in electrolyte sheet, as well as charge transfer between platinum electrode and electrolyte sheet greatly. Based on these electrolyte sheets, lamination method instead of conventional vacuum injection of electrolyte is used to fabricate flexible dye-sensitized solar cells. Optimal device with an open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of 0.63 V, a fill factor of 0.58, and a short-circuit current density (J_sc) of 6.17 mA cm⁻² at an incident light intensity of 100 mW cm⁻² is obtained, which yields a light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 2.25%.     

Rapid synthesis and dye-sensitized solar cell applications of hexagonal-shaped ZnO nanorods

This paper reports, for the first time, a very rapid and large-scale synthesis and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) application of well-crystallized hexagonal-shaped ZnO nanorods at very low temperature of about 70 °C in 20 min. The thin films of as-grown nanorods were used as photo-anode materials to fabricate the DSSCs which exhibited an overall light to electricity conversion efficiency (ECE) of 1.86% with a fill factor of 74.4%, short-circuit current of 3.41 mA/cm² and open-circuit voltage of 0.73 V.     

Synthesis and properties of a new conjugated polymer containing benzodithiophene for polymer solar cells

We have synthesized a new conjugated polymer PBDTDT containing 4,8-dioctyloxybenzo[1,2-b;3,4-b′]di-thiophene and 2,2′-dithiophene via a Stille coupling reaction. The copolymer was characterized by FTIR, NMR, GPC, TGA, DSC, UV–vis absorption, and electrochemical cyclic voltammetry. TGA showed that the copolymer exhibited good thermal stability. The optical, electrochemical, photovoltaic properties, and hole mobility of the copolymer were investigated and discussed. As a result, the polymer solar cell based on PBDTDT with a conventional device configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PBDTDT:PC₆₁BM/LiF/Al showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.19 %, with a short-circuit current density (J _sc) of 4.72 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage (V _oc) of 0.6 V and a fill factor of 53.3 % under the AM 1.5G illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm² from a solar simulator.     

Growth of Comb-like ZnO Nanostructures for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Applications

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated by using well-crystallized ZnO nanocombs directly grown onto the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) via noncatalytic thermal evaporation process. The thin films of as-grown ZnO nanocombs were used as photoanode materials to fabricate the DSSCs, which exhibited an overall light to electricity conversion efficiency of 0.68% with a fill factor of 34%, short-circuit current of 3.14 mA/cm², and open-circuit voltage of 0.671 V. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report in which thin film of ZnO nanocombs was used as photoanode materials to fabricate the DSSCs.     

The Influence of Temperature and Composition on the Operation of Al Anodes for Aluminum‐Air Batteries

The influence of composition and temperature on the anode polarization and corrosion rate of pure Al and Al‐In anodic alloys in 8M NaON electrolyte has been investigated. High current density (more than 800 mA cm⁻²) and faradaic efficiency over 97% were observed for all investigated alloys at 60 °C. Lower temperature provides lower current density (200–300 mA cm⁻² at 40 °C, and less than 100 mA cm⁻² at 25 °C). Different formation of the product reaction layers was observed for pure aluminum and Al–0.41In alloy, leading to the different polarization character of the samples. The comparison of two Al‐In alloys with similar composition has been carried out. Al–0.45In alloy having a coarse‐grained structure had a more positive no‐current potential and lower value of anode limiting current (200 mA cm⁻² vs. 300 mA cm⁻²) compared with the fine‐grained Al–0.41In alloy, as well as greater parasitic corrosion rate and greater no‐current corrosion. The current‐voltage, power and discharge characteristics of the aluminum‐air cell with Al–0.41In anode and gas diffusion cathode have been investigated. Open circuit voltage of the cell is 1.934 V and the maximum power density of the cell is 240 mW cm⁻² at the voltage of 1.3 V.