基于Visual Basic的大型原油储罐维温程序设计

首先建立原油储罐维温计算过程中储罐传热系数K的数学模型,进而计算储罐维温过程需要的热量。采用Visual Basic语言编制大型储罐加热维温计算程序。在多个项目的实际应用结果表明:该方法提高了计算效率和正确率,减少了人工计算量。     

高寒地区原油储罐维温装置运行的优化

本文在确定某油库储罐存储原油安全低温界限的基础上,对储罐维温所需热量进行理论计算,并结合实际运行数据进行修正,提出依据油库储罐收发油及罐内原油热量计算,科学确定储罐原油换热喷洒维温装置启停时间、运行负荷调整方法,在确保储罐安全运行的前提条件下,能实现储罐维温装置的优化运行。     

储罐的热水维温计算与经济性分析

在传统的油品储运中油罐采用低压蒸汽进行加热和维温,从节能降耗的目的出发,能否改造为采用热水进行油罐维温,文章对此列出详细的计算公式,并以茂名石化炼油厂输油车间11、12、13#馏分油罐改用汽提净化水维温改造项目为例,对油品储罐的热水维温进行工艺计算,探讨和分析热水维温代替蒸汽维温在技术上的可行性和现实中的经济性。     

浅谈高寒地区储罐电伴热维温设计

结合漠大线漠河首站的储罐电伴热维温设计选型、施工、投运。对电伴热在高寒地区储罐维温中的设计进行简单的叙述。     

储罐维温的经济性分析

原油储罐的维温方式有蒸汽维温和热水维温两种。针对两种维温方式的经济投入,采用C++编程对两种方法所需的运行费用进行对比分析,考虑储罐的传热系数、温降时间、原油性质等参数,通过控制热水的流量使两种维温方式所需相近的加热面积。结果表明,当年周转次数为6次时,维温范围在25~40℃内,采用热水加热比蒸汽加热节省运行费用约10.34万元。     

深冷设备储罐罐壁温度场计算分析

深冷设备储罐内外壁温差较大,绝热结构复杂。当维持操作条件一定,控制储罐热流量不变时,减薄保冷层结构,选择合适的保冷材料,可以节约存储空间。根据传热理论运用传热控制方程,对某厂深冷设备储罐进行分析。建立了储罐罐壁的二维稳态温度场数值有限元计算模型,计算得到罐壁温度场分布图。根据公式,绘制出保冷层厚度与保冷材料导热系数之间的关系。研究结果对储罐的结构设计优化具有一定的指导意义。     

大型LNG储罐预冷动态模拟

大型常压LNG储罐在接收站中占有很高的投资份额,是接收站关键的储存容器,在启用时对调试技术的要求较高,其中,储罐的冷却是最重要的预备环节。基于气液两相容积节点原理,建立喷淋LNG蒸发计算模型,搭建大型LNG储罐预冷过程动态仿真平台,以160000 m³大型LNG地上全容储罐为例,计算其在预冷过程中所需要的时间以及预冷所用LNG总量,得到了预冷过程中储罐压力、BOG产生量以及储罐内部温度的动态变化,为设计优化液化天然气储罐预冷策略提供了理论依据。     

轻汽油醚化工艺中大型储罐设计计算中的抗震验算

介绍了石油化工大型储罐设计计算中容易被忽视的抗震计算等重要计算内容,举例说明了该内容设计计算的程序和步骤,从而提高大型储罐设计的安全性、可靠性,简化计算过程,提高设计效率。     

LPG储罐复杂火灾环境下热响应模拟

液化气储罐在运输、储存、使用过程中存在火灾爆炸的风险,为了研究火灾环境下储罐的热响应规律,本文以LPG储罐作为研究对象,研究流体湍流流动、两相流动热响应过程中气液两相的质量能量变化,分别使用RNG~(k-ε)、VOF、UDF模型,对LPG储罐处于池火和喷射火条件下的压力、壁温以及内部介质温度的热响应过程,应用CFD软件FLUENT实现三维数值模拟,建立LPG储罐热响应过程的数学模型和物理模型。     

低温液氨储罐的冰机选型设计

介绍了低温液氨储罐的操作工况和条件,阐述了冰机为低温液氨储罐保冷的工艺流程。详细给出了冰机吸气量、制冷量的计算公式和计算过程,介绍了冰机的型式和其他参数的确定,并通过计算结果为低温液氨储罐选择了合适的保压和保安冰机。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。