共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
油砂作为一种非常规石油资源,越来越受到人们的重视。油砂沥青的含量和性质对其开发有着重要的影响。有机溶剂抽提可以测定油砂沥青的含量。本文研究了3种溶剂对新疆油砂的抽提能力,并对不同溶剂抽提得到的新疆油砂沥青进行了性质分析。结果表明,新疆油砂含油率(甲苯测)为11.75%,属于中品位油砂矿;甲苯、氯仿和石油醚3种不同溶剂对新疆油砂沥青进行抽提,发现3种溶剂抽提能力的大小关系为氯仿>甲苯>石油醚;抽提过程中,氯仿表现出对胶质和沥青质较强的萃取能力,而石油醚对沥青质的萃取能力几乎为0,采用氯仿可以更准确地测定油砂沥青的含量。氯仿抽提得到新疆油砂沥青及其组分的杂原子含量和分子量高于甲苯和石油醚抽提的。由红外谱图发现,氯仿抽提得到的油砂沥青的含氧、含硫官能团的吸收峰强度大于甲苯和石油醚抽提的,表明氯仿对油砂沥青中极性物质的抽提能力更强。 相似文献
2.
3.
利用热重质谱联用仪(TG-MS)分析了三种油砂沥青(印尼油砂沥青、伊朗油砂沥青、加拿大油砂沥青)中的甲苯残留以及油砂沥青质含量对油砂沥青中甲苯残留的影响,并在此基础上,进一步研究了油砂沥青质中的甲苯残留。结果发现,不同油砂沥青中甲苯残留量存在一定差异,其中印尼油砂沥青中的甲苯残留量最多。进一步对沥青质质量分数分别为10%、19%、30%的油砂沥青样品进行热重质谱实验,发现随着油砂沥青中沥青质含量的增加,甲苯的残留量会成倍增加。以加拿大油砂沥青质为例,研究了油砂沥青质对溶剂残留的影响,发现油砂沥青质具有对甲苯分子的夹带能力,导致甲苯分子在超过自身沸点40℃以上才能从沥青质中分离出来。油砂沥青中其他组分的存在也会加剧沥青质对甲苯的夹带作用。此外,研究还发现,在350~650℃时,油砂沥青质可以热解产生甲苯,而且油砂沥青中的沥青质含量越高,热解生成的甲苯越多。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
油砂作为一种重要的非常规油气资源,其分离技术的研究近些年来引起了国内科研工作人员的重视。介绍了目前世界上最重要的油砂分离技术--水基提取技术的基本原理及影响油砂分离的重要影响因素,阐述了油砂结构、特性与水基提取分离的重要关系及分离条件对沥青回收率的重要影响作用,同时探讨了原子力显微镜用于油砂水基分离过程中相关微观机理研究的重要应用,最后对水基提取技术用于油砂工业生产的流程进行了简单介绍。 相似文献
10.
与传统的圆锥破碎机相比,惯性圆锥破碎机有诸多优越性,作者对惯性圆锥破碎机在破碎方山砂岩中的使用进行了总结。 相似文献
11.
12.
Process control and optimization of bitumen froth treatment during oil sands processing require rapid analysis of asphaltene content in bitumen, solvent‐tobitumen ratio (S/B), and the density of solvent‐diluted bitumen. NIR spectroscopy was employed to meet this requirement. The NIR system comprised a spectrometer with no moving parts coupled with a double‐pass transflectance probe via a fiber‐optic cable. Quantitative calibration models were established using partial leastsquares regression in latent variables. The standard errors of calibration were 0.20 wt% for 0 to 20 wt% asphaltenes in bitumen, 1.1 wt% for 20 to 100 wt% asphaltenes in bitumen, 0.1 for S/B of solvent‐diluted bitumen, and 0.0017 g/mL for density of solvent‐diluted bitumen. It was shown that the process conditions could be monitored through the spectral scores from principal component analysis. 相似文献
13.
Francis Chachula 《Fuel》2003,82(8):929-942
A rutile concentrate recently produced by Lakefield Research Ltd and Syncrude Canada Ltd from athabasca oil sands tailings was characterized and attempts were made to upgrade it to market-grade. The rutile concentrate contained 75.5% TiO2, 18.7% Fe2O3, 1.03% Al2O3, 1.94% SiO2, and 563 ppm Th+U. The amount of rutile (anatase) in the concentrate was estimated to be about 10-17%, and the remaining TiO2 came from ilmenite in various altered forms. Magnetic separation could remove the Fe from the concentrate but it increased the SiO2 content from 1.94 to 6.01%. A reverse flotation process was developed to remove the SiO2. Although the fine dissemination of SiO2 in the rutile matrix limited the removal of SiO2, the upgraded rutile concentrate, containing 87-89% TiO2, could be used as a feedstock to the chloride titanium pigment processes. 相似文献
14.
Bitumen, a very heavy crude oil, contains both water-soluble and water-insoluble natural surface active species. This study shows that complete removal of the water-soluble surface active species from bitumen by water extraction resulted in an increased emulsion stability and that the water-insoluble surface active asphaltenes are the key stabilizing agents for water-in-toluene-diluted bitumen emulsions. Separation of the toluene-diluted bitumen continuous phase from the emulsion by centrifuging at 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000g was conducted. Emulsion stability tests for the separated toluene-diluted bitumen and element analysis of the precipitated asphaltenes indicated that the asphaltenes in the separated organic continuous phase are different from those associated with the water droplet interface. The asphaltenes associated with the interface had a lower H/C ratio and a higher O/C ratio. 相似文献
15.
16.
Suniya Quraishi Markus Bussmann Edgar Acosta 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2015,18(5):811-823
The oil removal efficiency for the ex situ extraction of bitumen from oil sands, or ex situ washing of oil‐contaminated sand and related processes is determined by the balance of forces at the oil/water and solid/fluid interfaces. The objective of this work is to estimate the balance of forces at the interface using dimensionless numbers, and their use in evaluating and engineering ex situ soil washing processes. To this end, bitumen was removed from bitumen‐coated sand particles using a two‐step process. In the first step, the particles were mixed with a suitable solvent (toluene) used, primarily, to reduce the viscosity of bitumen. The particles were then mixed with water or an aqueous surfactant solution capable of producing low interfacial tensions with the solvent‐bitumen mixture. The fraction of oil retained after washing was evaluated as a function of interfacial tension, solvent/bitumen ratio, mixing time, mixing velocity, and particle size. These ex situ washing conditions were normalized using dimensionless film and particle‐based Weber and Capillary numbers. The fraction of oil retained by the particles was plotted against these dimensionless numbers to generate capillary curves similar to those used in enhanced oil recovery. These curves reveal the existence of a critical film‐based Weber number and a particle‐based Capillary number that can be used in the design or evaluation of soil washing processes. The film‐based Weber number also explained literature data that associates interfacial tension with the removal of oil from oil‐based drill cuttings, as well as field observations on the role that particle size plays on the removal of oil in soil washing operations. 相似文献
17.
In this paper, pyrolysis of Indonesian oil sands(IOS) was investigated by two different heating methods to develop a better understanding of the microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to study the thermal decomposition behaviors of IOS, showing that 550 °C might be the pyrolysis final temperature. A explanation of the heat–mass transfer process was presented to demonstrate the influence of microwave-assisted pyrolysis on the liquid product distribution. The heat–mass transfer model was also useful to explain the increase of liquid product yield and heavy component content at the same heating rate by two different heating methods. Experiments were carried out using a fixed bed reactor with and without the microwave irradiation. The results showed that liquid product yield was increased during microwave induced pyrolysis,while the formation of gas and solid residue was reduced in comparison with the conventional pyrolysis. Moreover, the liquid product characterization by elemental analysis and GC–MS indicated the significant effect on the liquid chemical composition by microwave irradiation. High polarity substances(ε N 10 at 25 °C), such as oxyorganics were increased, while relatively low polarity substances(ε b 2 at 25 °C), such as aliphatic hydrocarbons were decreased, suggesting that microwave enhanced the relative volatility of high polarity substances. The yield improvement and compositional variations in the liquid product promoted by the microwave-assisted pyrolysis deserve the further exploitation in the future. 相似文献
18.
A membrane separation process, nanofiltration (NF), has been applied successfully for treatment of oil sandswaters, particularly to water softening and removal of toxic components. This study focused on the selection of appropriate membranes and the assessment of their performance for the removal of polyvalent ions (hardness) and naphthenic acids (NA) (the main acute toxicant in oil sands process-affected imported waters) from both imported and potential discharge waters. Experiments were carried out using a bench-scale flat sheet membrane system with several commercially available NF membranes. It was found that after membrane filtration, both water hardness and the NA concentrations were reduced significantly (>95%). A permeate flux was maintained at 15 L/m2/h or higher, with a retentate volume of about 10% of the feed volume. 相似文献
19.
Ali HooshiarPeter Uhlik Qi LiuThomas H. Etsell Douglas G. Ivey 《Fuel Processing Technology》2012,94(1):80-85
A non-aqueous bitumen extraction process was studied where only toluene and heptane, with no water additions, were used to extract bitumen from two Alberta oil sands ore samples. One sample had a high bitumen (13.5 wt.%) and low fines (5.3 wt.% < 45 μm) contents, while the other sample had an intermediate bitumen (10.5 wt.%) and high fines (23.3 wt.%) contents. Bitumen recovery and product quality were measured under different process conditions such as the ratio of toluene to heptane and settling time. The Dean Stark procedure was used to determine the solids, bitumen and water contents of the extraction products. In addition, the water content was determined by the Karl Fischer titration method. High bitumen recovery was obtained for both oil sands ore samples although the high fines ore sample was more sensitive to the extraction conditions, especially the toluene to heptane ratio. A product with high purity, containing more than 99.5 wt.% bitumen on a solvent-free basis, was produced at room temperature under the optimum extraction conditions tested. The optimum settling time to achieve a pure product was less than 10 min, based on solids and water contents in the supernatant. 相似文献