中国石油首套低温硫酸法烷基化装置开车成功

正2018年11月21日,由华东寰球公司承担设计的中国石油吉林石化公司炼油厂汽油国Ⅵ升级烷基化项目350 kt/a烷基化装置顺利生产出烷基化油,产品质量达到设计要求,标志着该装置安全、平稳、优质、有序一次开车成功。该项目的顺利投产填补了中国石油低温硫酸法烷基化技术领域的空白。该项目主要包括350 kt/a烷基化装置和25 kt/a废酸再生装置,以醚后碳四、加氢裂化液化气及芳烃联合液化气为原料,采用     

南化集团研究院设计的烷基化废酸回收装置试车成功

近年来,随着我国对高标号汽油需求量的增加,生产高标号汽油的烷基化装置也随之增多,同时国家强化了对炼化企业生产的环保要求,使得我国多家炼厂烷基化装置因生产过程中产生的废酸无法处理而被迫停产,新上的烷基化装置也面临同样的环保问题。     

原料中正丁烷组分对烷基化装置设计的影响

烷基化装置原料中的正丁烷组分作为烷基化反应的惰性组分,在装置设计中并不是我们重点关注的对象;但其在原料中浓度的高低,会影响烷基化油产品的收率和产品质量,同时对装置分馏部分设计有着较大的影响,通过对原料中正丁烷组分含量的分析,有助于我们在前期设计阶段更准确的估算装置分馏系统的设备规格及装置消耗。     

广石化烷基化装置投产并通过标定考核

广州石油化工总厂氢氟酸烷基化装置于89年6月1日一次开车成功,生产出合格产品。该装置规模为年产烷基化油6万吨,工艺是采用美国菲利浦斯石油公司氢氟酸烷基化技术,并引进部分关键设备、单机和仪表。该装置试车成功后,第一周期试生产出烷基化油1937吨,处理烯烃原料1953吨。在第一周期试生产过程中,按照50％和100％的负荷能力进行标定考核,结果表明,装置     

烷基化脱异丁烷塔再沸器效能降低的原因及操作优化

文章对惠州炼化公司烷基化装置分馏系统脱异丁烷塔底再沸器效能降低的原因进行分析,并对该状况采取合理的应对措施,对脱异丁烷塔进行合理操作,维持烷基化装置正常生产。     

南化集团研究院引领废硫酸再生技术发展方向

正南化集团研究院一直致力于硫酸环保技术研发和工业应用,拥有各种原料制硫酸的专利技术,已在国内成功设计了近200套各种原料的硫酸装置,积累了丰富的设计经验。烷基化装置每生产1 t烷基化油就产生50~100 kg废硫酸,呈黑红色黏稠状,腐蚀性强,性质不稳定,散发特殊臭味,对环境危害极大。烷基化废     

煤化工装置配套煤炭生产系统的设计优化

由于煤炭生产系统的设计与煤化工装置的设计属于不同的专业,在煤化工项目设计过程中往往存在不匹配的现象,给后期煤化工装置的安全稳定连续运行带来了一定的隐患。对与煤气化装置配套的煤炭生产系统在实际运行过程中存在的问题进行总结,以期为新建煤化工装置的项目设计提供参考。     

可资源化烷基化废酸裂解装置若干问题分析与探讨

介绍了烷基化废酸裂解工艺过程。探讨了实际生产过程中裂解温度、助燃空气温度、燃料气用量、硫磺用量、空气过剩量等烷基化废酸裂解装置的各种影响因素。重点提出了降低燃料气能耗以使装置变亏为盈的措施。     

基于决策树算法的石化装置过程安全管理评估技术研发及应用

针对当前石油化工企业装置安全生产管理现状,为提升石化装置过程安全管理水平,借鉴国内外过程安全管理体系和相关标准要求及典型管理经验,采用基于关联度的决策树算法构建了石化装置过程安全管理评估指标体系,并运用多层次综合模糊评价方法建立了评估模型,设计开发了装置过程安全管理评估系统,并结合实例进行了验证分析. 结果表明,该技术可量化分析装置过程安全管理存在的薄弱环节,有助于过程安全管理改进和水平提升,对保障装置安全稳定运行、提升装置安全管控水平具有现实意义.     

烷基化双反应器长周期运行取得成效

兰州石化公司炼油厂烷基化装置为双反应器、双压缩机配置,2014年以前运行方式为单反应器、单压缩机生产。随着市场对异辛烷需求的增加,对烷基化装置长周期、满负荷运行,增产异辛烷提出了更高的要求。烷基化最大处理能力(单反应器、单压缩机运行)与装置设计的11.5万吨产品/年的要求还有一定差距。要达到增产异辛烷的目的,保证装置满负荷、大处理量运行,双反应器、双压缩机同时运转势在必行。另外,烷基化装置双反应器运行,从一定程度上降低了单台反应器负荷,保证每台反应器都在设计负荷内运行,使每台反应器内酸烃乳化效果更好,烷基化反应更充分,副反应减少。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。