高压全缠绕复合材料气瓶自紧优化分析

自紧处理能有效提高复合材料气瓶的疲劳性能和纤维利用率。以容积为140L、工作压力为35.0MPa的全缠绕复合材料气瓶为例,对其自紧压力优化方法进行研究,并采用有限元法对全缠绕复合材料气瓶进行自紧分析。结果表明:同时借助DOT-CFFC和ISO-11119标准可实现34.5MPa以上的全缠绕复合材料气瓶自紧压力的优化;经过最佳自紧压力处理后,35.0MPa全缠绕复合材料气瓶在工作载荷工况下内衬的承载能力和复合材料层的纤维利用率分别提高了42.1%和38.7%。     

玄武岩-聚乙烯醇混杂纤维混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀研究

为了研究玄武岩-聚乙烯醇混杂纤维对混凝土耐硫酸盐腐蚀性能的影响,以C40混凝土为基础,设计并制备了不同纤维掺量的混凝土试件,进行耐腐蚀性能实验。结果表明：掺入纤维后,混凝土抗压强度有所损失。混凝土抗压强度耐腐蚀系数显著提升,且在15 d干湿循环试验中,混杂比为1∶2的混杂纤维混凝土耐腐蚀系数最好。在30 d干湿循环试验中,混杂比为2∶1的混杂纤维混凝土耐腐蚀系数最好。纤维还能够改善混凝土的质量损失,在干湿循环试验中,当纤维体积掺量不大于0.4%时,玄武岩-聚乙烯醇混杂纤维混凝土质量增长的最佳混杂比为1∶2。     

混杂纤维CNG2气瓶有限元分析及疲劳寿命预测

推广燃气汽车对于雾霾治理和综合利用清洁能源具有重要意义。在建立碳/玻混杂纤维CNG2气瓶有限元模型的基础上,分析了内胆及纤维层在未经预紧和经过预紧两种情况下的应力差异,通过提取内胆筒体段危险点在载荷历程中的名义应力强度,计算了低周疲劳载荷作用下的局部应力应变,结合Manson-Coffin公式计算得到疲劳寿命。计算结果表明,未经预紧情况下,碳纤维的混入可以使气瓶的疲劳寿命提高7%,同时改善内胆局部应力集中,而经过预紧工艺的混杂纤维气瓶的疲劳寿命则进一步提高19%。     

公路工程用玄武岩纤维增强复合材料模板的性能

为优化公路工程疲劳性能，使用SBS改性沥青、矿料、玄武岩纤维制备纤维增强复合材料，采用马歇尔试验方法分析不同配合比条件下玄武岩纤维增强复合材料的性能。马歇尔试验分析结果显示：矿料初始级配的初始油石比为6.0%，玄武岩纤维质量分数、SBS改性沥青质量分数分别为0.35%、4.55%时，玄武岩纤维增强复合材料的性能最优；将其制备为玄武岩纤维增强复合材料模板后用于公路路面养护，在多种应变工况中，公路路面疲劳寿命次数变多，劲度模量变大。由此证明，玄武岩纤维增强复合材料模板具备优化公路工程的抗疲劳性能，延长沥青路面应用寿命的能力。     

碳玻混杂纤维增强复合材料的拉-拉疲劳性能的研究

纤维混杂是一种实现纤维增强树脂基复合材料性能与价格平衡的有效策略,碳/玻混杂织物(GCHF)是典型的纤维混杂实例。复合材料的疲劳性能是工程化应用的必要考核指标。本文以风力发电叶片梁帽用复合材料为研究对象,制备了4种不同混杂比例的单向GCHF增强环氧树脂基复合材料,基于对其静态拉伸性能的研究,扩展到动态拉-拉疲劳(R=0.1)性能,并与纯玻纤和纯碳纤增强环氧树脂基复合材料作对比。实验数据表明,高周疲劳下,GCHF增强环氧树脂基复合材料的疲劳性能符合线性混合定律,但是低周疲劳下误差相对较大。为叶片设计选材提供了一种简便快速估算GCHF增强环氧树脂基复合材料疲劳性能的方法。     

混杂废旧纤维对乳化沥青冷再生混合料的性能优化研究

为提高含再生剂乳化沥青冷再生混合料的性能,选用木质素纤维及废旧玻璃纤维作为混杂纤维进行配比优化设计.采用室内车辙试验、低温弯曲试验、间接拉伸模量以及疲劳试验,研究了两种纤维的混杂比例及掺量对乳化沥青冷再生混合料路用性能和力学性能的影响.基于主成分分析方法分析了混杂纤维乳化沥青冷再生混合料的综合性能,并建立了相应的综合得分评价模型.结果 表明,相对于使用单一纤维,混杂纤维的应用进一步提高了乳化沥青冷再生混合料的高温抗车辙能力以及低温抗裂能力,改善了其疲劳性能.此外,纤维的混杂比例因素对乳化沥青冷再生混合料的性能影响占到80.114％,而混杂纤维掺量对其综合性能的影响占到14.002％,定量说明两种纤维的混杂比例对乳化沥青冷再生混合料的综合性能有着更显著影响.推荐混杂纤维掺加量为0.3％,M玻璃纤维∶ M木质素纤维为7∶3时,乳化沥青冷再生混合料的综合性能最佳.     

碳/玻璃混杂纤维复合材料力学性能及其加固混凝土梁抗弯性能研究

混杂纤维复合材料可以优化单一FRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastic)复合材料的性能,是未来FRP复合材料发展的主导方向.本文试验研究了碳/玻璃混杂纤维复合材料的直接拉伸性能,在材料性能研究的基础上,采用碳/玻璃纤维混杂布对混凝土梁进行抗弯加固,并与单一碳纤维布加固梁进行了比较.结果表明,当纤维布层数相同时,碳/玻璃纤维混杂布加固梁的位移延性系数相比单一碳纤维布加固梁提高约9%,表明碳/玻璃混杂纤维复合材料可以显著改善单一碳纤维复合材料的延性.     

剑麻纤维/长玻纤混杂增强PP复合材料的力学性能研究

采用剑麻纤维(SF)和长玻璃纤维(LGF)混杂增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,考察了SF/LGF的比例和含量对PP复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:SF/LGF在聚丙烯树脂基体中呈交叉网状分布,这有利于提高复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度和软化点。在SF/LGF质量比为2 2∶,二者总质量分数为30%时,SF/LGF混杂增强PP复合材料的综合力学性能较好。     

金属内衬纤维缠绕复合气瓶自紧压力优化

为了达到提高承载能力和疲劳寿命的目的,往往在气瓶固化之后水压试验之前,对气瓶进行自紧处理。本文以市场上常见的钢制内胆E玻璃纤维复合气瓶为研究对象,采用Ansys有限元分析软件,建立各向同性金属材料和各向异性复合材料层的有限元分析模型,分析了自紧压力变化对气瓶应力和疲劳寿命的影响,最后确定气瓶最佳自紧压力。     

CNG-2环向缠绕气瓶纤维缠绕残余预应力的优化设计

复合材料气瓶压力容器的纤维缠绕预应力对容器的性能有很大的影响,合理设计纤维预应力可提高复合材料容器的综合性能。借助ANSYS有限元软件,建立了带有纤维缠绕残余预应力的环向缠绕气瓶的有限元参数化模型。在模型中,将纤维缠绕层视为复合材料层合板。按照GB 24160—2009《车用压缩天然气钢质内胆环向缠绕气瓶》的规定,并结合各工况下应力水平的要求建立数学模型,对环向缠绕气瓶的纤维缠绕残余预应力进行优化,得到纤维缠绕残余预应力的最优值,使内胆在工作压力下有较低的应力水平,提高了气瓶的可靠性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。