测定水泥水化热的新方法：溶解热法

溶解热法是测定水泥水化热的方法之一,该法为世界上美、英、日等许多先进国家所采用。它与直接法相比,具有明显的优越性,尤其适用于测定水泥长龄期水化热。我们经过两年的研究试验,完成了溶解热方法国家标准的制订并通过了审议。现将主要内容介绍如下: 一、适用范围与原理本方法主要适用于硅酸盐水泥、普通水泥、矿渣水泥、火山灰水泥、粉煤灰水泥、中热水泥、低热水泥等水泥水化热的测定。它     

聚合物改性水泥水化程度测定方法比较

介绍了当前测试水泥水化程度的几种方法：水化热法、化学结合水法、氢氧化钙含量测定法和背散射电子图像分析法。比较了这些方法对聚合物改性水泥水化程度测试的适用性和局限性。聚合物由于改变了水泥水化进程和水化产物的组成、其本身热分解的温度又与水化产物相近,在多种测试方法中都会对水泥水化程度测试带来干扰,使得测试结果存在较大的偏差。而背散射电子图像分析法是基于某一龄期未水化颗粒占原始颗粒的比例来表征水化程度的,而与水化过程和水化产物的组成无关,是测试聚合物存在下水泥水化程度的一种可靠方法。     

硅酸盐水泥水化动力学模型与试验方法研究进展

水泥水化过程决定水泥基材料强度、耐久性等诸多性能,深入理解水泥水化机理具有重要的科学意义和工程价值。本工作回顾了硅酸盐水泥水化动力学模型的最新研究进展,评述了GEMS热力学计算、HymoStruc3D和CEMHY3D等水化数值模拟方法及其局限性,总结了准弹性中子散射和核磁共振等先进测试手段在研究水泥水化过程中水态演变和孔结构发展中的具体应用,提出了该领域未来研究的趋势和挑战。     

熟料细度对硫铝酸盐水泥胶凝膨胀性能的影响

采用XRD和TG/DTG等试验方法,对两种不同细度熟料配制成的硫铝酸盐水泥进行研究,通过Rietveld分析法对水化产物进行定量分析,探讨其膨胀性能与水泥粒径及水化产物的关系。结果表明,减小硫铝酸盐水泥熟料平均粒径对提高抗压强度贡献很大,也可促进硫铝酸盐水泥水化,但并不能显著增加试件膨胀率和膨胀持续时间,二水石膏掺量对于硫铝酸盐水泥膨胀性能的影响要大于熟料粒径的影响。     

差热分析在水泥水化研究中的应用

简述了差热分析与热重分析的测定原理，介绍了差热与热重分析在研究水泥水化速度及进程上的应用，和水化产物转变温度及其热效应的确定方法。结论是热分析方法可以确定水泥的水化产物种类、水化产物在加热过程中转变的温度范围、热效应以及水泥水化的进程和速度等。     

纳米C-S-H对矿粉-水泥体系水化的影响

C-S-H是通用硅酸盐水泥主要的水化产物,对水泥基材料的性能起着十分重要的作用,但水泥水化产物复杂,难以从水化产物中分离出纯净的C-S-H并研究其对水泥基材料的影响。故本文通过双分解法制备了纳米C-S-H(NC)颗粒,并将其掺入矿粉-水泥体系中,通过无接触式电阻率测定仪、X射线衍射仪、差热分析仪(DSC-TG)、扫描电镜、压汞测试仪(MIP)等探究了NC对矿粉-水泥体系水化的影响。研究发现,在1%~4%(质量分数)掺量范围内,掺入NC可缩短基体的凝结时间,并为水泥早期水化提供更多的活性位点,加速水化产物的形成和沉淀,促进水化产物之间的搭接,从而降低了基体孔隙率并使基体早期强度和水化浆体电阻率均有所提升。     

掺粉煤灰水泥基材料水化过程的交流阻抗研究

水泥基材料是一种线性动态系统，而交流阻抗谱方法是一种灵敏的方法，可以用来对水化的长期过程进行监测。本文应用交流阻抗谱研究水泥基材料的水化过程和加入粉煤灰等矿物掺合料的水泥基材料的水化过程。     

高掺量粉煤灰水泥胶凝材料的水化性能研究

用ＴＭＳ－ＧＣ,ＸＲＤ,ＤＴＡ,ＳＥＭ等方法研究了高掺量粉灰水泥胶凝材料的水化性能;分析了粉煤灰掺量、激发剂等对高掺量粉煤灰水泥胶凝材料水化性能的影响,并与硅酸盐水泥的水化性能进行了对比。结果认为：高掺量粉煤灰水泥的水化速度低于不掺灰的硅酸水泥的水化速度,但后期增长较快;激发剂能加快高掺量粉煤灰水泥的水化速度。     

磷渣硅酸盐水泥的水化与硬化

使用差热、红外、衍射、电镜、压汞等仪器和方法,对磷渣硅酸盐水泥的水化动力学和水化产物进行试验研究,取得了一致的结果;由于组成粒化磷渣的硅灰石玻璃体具有较高的凝聚程度和最终强度,帮磷渣水泥早期水沦速度较底,后期强度增进率较高。渣玻璃体中磷酸盐的溶出对水泥早期水化和凝结时间也有明显的影响。磷渣水泥的水化过程及水化产物基本相同于矿渣水泥。可以采用发迹磷渣成分,提高熟料质量、细磨、外加激发剂等工艺措施来提     

亚硫酸钙对水泥性能影响及其优化方法研究

研究了亚硫酸钙对水泥力学性能、凝结硬化、干缩性、外加剂适应性的影响,并利用XRD、SEM对比分析了亚硫酸钙对水泥水化产物的影响, 探讨了亚硫酸钙氧化法.研究表明,亚硫酸钙不但对水泥凝结时间有较大影响,同时对水泥后期强度、外加剂适应性、干缩性等均有较大影响. 脱硫石膏中亚硫酸钙含量达60%时,水泥90 d强度降低近10 Mpa.水泥水化中,亚硫酸钙主要形成单硫型水化产物(C3A·CaSO3· nH2O),且随水化龄期发展量迅速增加,28 d水化体中会大量出现单硫型水化产物,对水泥体积安定性造成不良影响. 同时研究发现,氧化剂KN及有机酸复合可对石膏中亚硫酸钙进行氧化处理,有助于促进水泥水化,缩短凝结时间,提高水泥物理力学性能,为脱硫产物中亚硫酸钙的处理开辟了新途径.     

Hardened portland cement pastes of low porosity VI. Mechanism of the hydration process

The hydration of low-porosity portland cement pastes may be divided into three stages. The first stage starts with a fast hydration until 10 to 15% of the cement is hydrated (pre-dormant period), which is followed by a very slow hydration, caused by the formation of a coating on the cement grains (dormant period). After 15 to 20% of the cement is hydrated, the coating is ruptured, and a fast reaction starts, which lasts until about 30% of the cement is hydrated. This is the second stage of the reaction. In the third stage, the hydration slows down, due to retardation by the accumulating hydration products. The mechanism of the third stage is treated quantitatively. The diffusion through the very narrow pores between the hydration products is activated diffusion, and the apparent energy of activation of the diffusion is calculated.     

Alkali binding in hydrated Portland cement paste

The alkali-binding capacity of C-S-H in hydrated Portland cement pastes is addressed in this study. The amount of bound alkalis in C-S-H is computed based on the alkali partition theories firstly proposed by Taylor (1987) and later further developed by Brouwers and Van Eijk (2003). Experimental data reported in literatures concerning thirteen different recipes are analyzed and used as references. A three-dimensional computer-based cement hydration model (CEMHYD3D) is used to simulate the hydration of Portland cement pastes. These model predictions are used as inputs for deriving the alkali-binding capacity of the hydration product C-S-H in hydrated Portland cement pastes. It is found that the relation of Na⁺ between the moles bound in C-S-H and its concentration in the pore solution is linear, while the binding of K⁺ in C-S-H complies with the Freundlich isotherm. New models are proposed for determining the alkali-binding capacities of C-S-H in hydrated Portland cement paste. An updated method for predicting the alkali concentrations in the pore solution of hydrated Portland cement pastes is developed. It is also used to investigate the effects of various factors (such as the water to cement ratio, clinker composition and alkali types) on the alkali concentrations.     

Research on adaptability between crop-stalk fibers and cement

By analyzing the components of crop-stalk-fibers leachate, the effects of the leachate on the various properties of cement hydration such as water-reducing, slow-setting, hydration heat as well as the strength of hydrated cement were studied.     

蒸汽养护条件下复合水泥胶凝材料的优化匹配

利用XRD、SEM、TG/DSC、MIP等测试方法,对常压高温蒸汽养护下矿渣和粉煤灰等不同组成的复合胶凝材料物理性能及水化特性差异进行研究.结果表明,85℃常压蒸养条件下水泥水化产物与标准养护下基本相同,但水化产物数量有大幅提高,且有少量C9S6H18和钙矾石(AFt)稳定存在.辅助胶凝材料的适宜匹配,使水泥石结构较致密,蒸养强度较高.少量硅灰的掺加,有利于优化水泥石结构,促进蒸养条件下水泥石强度发展.     

矿渣-粉煤灰混合材料水化产物、微观结构和性能

用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等对矿渣、粉煤灰混合材料的水化产物、硬化体微观结构及强度进行了检测和分析,确定了水化产物的组成及微观结构特点,揭示了矿渣粉煤灰材料的水化作用特点及强度特征.结果表明:矿渣在激发剂作用下使玻璃体首先发生表面水解,产生水化反应,进而引发粉煤灰的火山灰作用;混合材料的水化产物组分以水化硅酸钙凝胶为主,硬化体具有与油井水泥相类似的网络状微观结构;随养护时间增长,混合材料后期强度持续增加.     

水冷熟料的微观特征及其早强特性的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜研究了水冷熟料的微观特征及水化物微晶的形态,指出了水泥熟料微水化形成的极少量水化产物微晶对水泥的质量和性能无不良影响;相反,这些片状、粒状、针状微晶可以加速水泥的水化,提高水泥的早强强度.     

Microwave Dielectric Study of Water Structure in the Hydration Process of Cement Paste

Microwave dielectric relaxation measurements, via the time-domain reflectometry method, were performed on portland cement paste for the first time, and the water structure during the hydration process was observed. The relaxation process due to the orientation of free water, which is independent of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), was observed at ∼10 GHz. The relaxation strength, in proportion to the amount of free water, decreased rapidly as the curing time increased for the first three days. This change is in good agreement with that of a chemical reaction that was reported by measurements of the heat that is evolved during hydration. The free water is taken into C-S-H and is transformed to hydrated water by the hydration process. When hydration proceeds, the relaxation processes due to the orientation of the hydrated water in C-S-H occur at ∼100 MHz and 1 MHz.     

碱性和无碱液体速凝剂促凝早强作用机理对比研究

碱性和无碱速凝剂掺入水泥后的水化机理不同,导致应用性能存在明显差异。本文通过测试凝结时间和砂浆抗压强度等宏观性能对比了两种速凝剂的应用性能,并通过水化放热分析、XRD定量分析、热重分析和SEM微观形貌观察等微观方法综合分析了两者的早期水化历程。结果表明:碱性速凝剂加入水泥后,[Al(OH)₄]^-加快了水泥中石膏的消耗速度,水化初期生成大量钙矾石(AFt),促进了硅酸三钙(C₃S)矿物的水化,缩短了水泥浆体的凝结时间并提高了砂浆的早期抗压强度,但石膏的加速消耗也使得单硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFm)和水化铝酸钙(C-A-H)等水化产物提前生成,影响了水泥基材料的后期抗压强度发展;无碱速凝剂加入水泥后,[Al(OH)₄]^-和SO^2-₄在液相中生成了大量AFt,促进了铝酸三钙(C₃A)和C₃S矿物的水化,影响了氢氧化钙(CH)的结晶析出。值得注意的是,SO^2-₄不仅促进了C₃A生成AFt的过程,也延缓了水泥中石膏的消耗及AFm和C-A-H等产物的生成,因此无碱速凝剂的加入除了明显提高早期抗压强度外,后期28 d抗压强度也不受影响。     

Polyurethane–cement‐based foams: Characterization and potential uses

The production of a new lightweight composite material based on polyurethane and Portland cement was investigated. The composite was obtained by the mixture of polyurethane foam precursors with different amounts of cement and water. To allow cement hydration, samples were aged in water and characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and compressive testing. We studied the cement hydration reactions and the effect of the organic phase on hydration by determining the amount of chemically bonded water by calcination. The results showed that the amount of water affected the morphology and porosity of the foams and thereby affected the cement hydration reaction. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite varied in a wide range, depending on the cement and water contents and on whether the hydrated cement particles behaved as fillers or were allowed to interact to form stronger inorganic networks within the polymeric matrix forming the bubble walls. The polyurethane–cement composite foams showed an increase in the stiffness and the yield strength. In addition, the ductile behavior of the polymeric foams was preserved, even at high filler loadings, due to the chemical compatibility between the hydroxyl groups of the polyol and the cement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Early hydration behaviour of portland cement containing tartaro- and titanogypsum

Portland cements containing tartaro- and titanogypsum were respectively hydrated for up to two hours at a water: cement ratio of 0.5. They were compared with a Portland cement containing high grade natural gypsum hydrated similarly. The cement containing tartarogypsum produced much more ettringite than those with titanogypsum and natural gypsum. Comparisons were made with previous examinations of the hydration of Portland cements containing other by-product gypsums. Reasons for the observed hydration behaviour of the Portland cements with tartaro- and titanogypsum are discussed.