经编间隔织物的应用及其发展

介绍经编间隔织物的特性,指出经编间隔织物在座椅包覆、鞋材、箱包和床垫等方面的常规应用及其优势,并根据当前经编间隔织物结构和原材料的发展,详述经编间隔织物在时装面料、成型鞋材、卫浴产品、建筑增强材料、农业无土栽培和包装材料等方面的新应用,得出经编间隔织物的三个未来发展方向——个性产品、功能产品和智能产品。     

经编提花间隔织物的计算机辅助设计

为实现经编提花间隔织物的快速设计,在分析间隔织物编织原理和贾卡提花原理的基础上,研究这类织物的计算机辅助设计模型。采用数学矩阵的方法,分别建立垫纱数码、穿经设计和贾卡意匠设计等数学模型,用于指导计算机软件进行提花间隔织物的工艺设计。以双针床拉舍尔经编机生产的鞋材用提花间隔织物为例,介绍经编提花间隔织物的CAD设计方法,并结合人体足部特征和运动特点进行鞋面功能分区,用于指导贾卡意匠图的设计,达到经编提花间隔织物功能性与装饰性的统一,实现织物的快速、高效设计。     

负泊松比经编间隔织物的准静态拉伸性能

为探究织物受单向拉伸时的能量吸收性能与负泊松比之间的关系,测算和表征了基于旋转六边形结构设计和制备的4 种经编间隔织物的负泊松比,并分别对其进行经向和纬向的单向拉伸,通过应力与应变曲线积分换算得到各织物受单向拉伸时吸收的能量。结果发现：织物单向拉伸时的能量吸收性能由结构变形容量和纱线承载容量决定,其中纱线承载容量起主要作用,结构变形容量的影响较小,负泊松比的影响则包括在结构变形容量内;在纱线承载容量相同的情况下,织物受某一单向拉伸时的负泊松比越好,该方向上的能量吸收性能越好。     

经编间隔织物的缓压性能

为探究经编间隔织物的缓压性能与结构参数之间的量化关系,从理论上分析了经编间隔织物压缩过程中人体受力与间隔织物之间的相互作用机制,以及人体所受压强与其结构参数之间的关系,获得间隔丝直径、间隔丝排列密度以及间隔织物的厚度等结构参数与间隔织物缓压性能的规律方程。采用自行设计球形压头对不同结构参数的间隔织物样品进行压缩实验,验证分析间隔织物的缓压性能与这3个主要影响因素之间的关系,并得出了各自的回归方程。研究结果表明,间隔织物压缩过程中人体所受压强与间隔丝直径呈幂函数变化,与织物的厚度和间隔丝的排列密度分别呈反比和正比函数关系。     

经编间隔织物防刺行为的数值模拟

鉴于穿刺过程中力学性能的复杂性,为研究经编间隔织物的防刺机制,利用准静态防刺性能实验观察经编间隔织物的防刺行为 和破坏特征,并结合有限元模型模拟了穿刺过程中间隔层结构的变形形态以及空刺力变化。结果表明：在防刺时经编间隔织物现时有线圈的拉伸变形、剪切变形和间隔层的压缩变形,并分主次抵御刀具的穿刺;模拟计算得到的织物变形特征和穿刺力变化与实验值基本一致,可为设计柔性防刺产品提供参考。     

Permeability and impact properties of warp-knitted spacer fabrics for protective application

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of interlining material on the comfort and dynamic deformation characteristics of body armour. Suitable plies of interlining materials were selected based on the fabric comfort properties and the impact resistance specified for ballistic application. Kevlar woven fabric was used to block the projectile, and the spacer fabric was used as an interlining material to ensure wearing comfort and for imparting impact resistance. The yarn denier of the middle and bottom layers of the spacer fabrics was maintained constant, and three different deniers were used for the face layer. Three different plies of spacer fabrics were analysed by means of thermophysiological comfort properties to select the suitable interlining material for body armour. The experimental results confirm that the number of plies of spacer fabrics has significant influence on the ballistic armour characteristics than the face layer denier as proved by two-way ANOVA. The substantiated spacer fabric was used as an interlining material, and the depth and area of deformation were analysed. The research findings demonstrated that the three-plied warp-knitted polyester spacer fabric produced better results than single- and five-plied spacer fabrics. One-way ANOVA and Turkey’s HSD also confirmed the influence and interaction of different plies of spacer fabrics.     

汽车调温坐椅织物的分析与探讨

为实现坐椅织物的自动调温作用,主要通过对坐椅织物的加热、制冷方式的分析并结合相变材料的应用,设想了一种新型的智能调温坐椅织物的结构,从理论上对其进行了分析与探讨.认为在一定条件下可以实现自动调温作用.     

Experimental and computational analysis of acoustic characteristics of warp-knitted spacer fabrics

Abstract

As a kind of porous medium, textiles have recently received increased attention for acoustic applications due to their high profitability and low cost and environmental impact. 3D knitted spacer fabrics stand out as a unique class of textile materials. These materials simultaneously are soft, voluminous and highly porous and therefore are expected to be suitable for sound absorbing applications. This article aims to investigate the acoustic performance of 3D warp-knitted spacer fabrics. To this end, acoustic behavior of warp-knitted spacer fabrics was experimentally measured using the impedance tube method. In order to predict the sound absorption behavior of fabrics, a simple geometrical model was created. Flow resistivity was calculated by numerically solving incompressible laminar Newtonian flow through the 3D pore space of generated structure. The frequency-dependent sound absorption coefficient of the warp-knitted spacer fabric was predicted using the empirical models of Delany and Bazley, Garai and Pompoli and Dunn and Davern. The results showed that the Dunn and Davern model can predict sound absorption characteristics of warp-knitted spacer fabrics in the mid-to high-frequency ranges. At low frequency ranges; however, none of the empirical models can reasonably predict sound absorption behavior of the fabrics.     

负泊松比经编间隔织物的抗低速冲击性能

为研发具有不同负泊松比效应的经编间隔织物,对5 种负泊松比经编间隔织物试样进行落锤冲击实验,通过冲击载荷与时间和位移的关系曲线分析5 种织物在低速冲击载荷下的形态变化和能量吸收性能,研究负泊松比织物在低速冲击下的能量吸收性能与负泊松比值及初始冲击能量的关系。结果表明：织物的能量吸收性能随织物负泊松比值的增大而提高,织物的能量吸收性能越好,耐冲击性能也越好;初始冲击能量的大小也会影响织物的能量吸收速率和耐冲击性能,初始冲击能量越高,织物的耐冲击持久性越差,但对织物总的能量吸收影响不大。     

Prototyping and analyzing physical properties of Weft knitted spacer fabrics as a substitute for wound dressings

In this research, the required physical properties of weft knitted spacer fabrics, as an alternative for wound dressings have been investigated. For this purpose, weft knitted spacer fabrics with five different fabric structures have been produced on the electronic flat knitting machine. Moreover, in order to compare the properties of the produced fabrics with available wound dressings in the market, two kinds of wound dressing have been prepared from the market. Then, the physical properties of the spacer fabrics and the wound dressings such as air permeability, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, compressibility and absorbency have been measured and compared. The results show that in weft knitted spacer fabrics with the same fabric structure of the outer layer and different inclination angle (the angle formed between the outer layer and the spacer yarn), by decreasing the inclination angle, the fabric air permeability, water vapor permeability and absorbency decrease and the thermal conductivity and compressibility increase. Moreover, the use of tuck stitches in the outer layer of the spacer fabric leads to an increase of air permeability, water vapor permeability, absorbency and thermal conductivity and decrease of compressibility. The wound dressings also exhibit less air permeability and compressibility than weft knitted spacer fabrics. On the other hand, they possess higher water vapor permeability and absorbency. According to the results, among the examined weft knitted spacer fabrics in this research, the fabric with the tuck stitches in the outer layer is specified as the most appropriate alternative for wound dressing, in case of wounds with low exudates.     

基于经编间隔织物的压力电容传感器特性

为实现用智能坐垫监测人体坐姿,对人体健康进行辅助治疗的目的,以6种不同规格的经编间隔织物为介质层制备压力电容传感器,研究经编间隔织物压力电容传感器的静态性能。对6种传感器进行电力学性能测试,得到应力-电容曲线,结合经编间隔织物的压缩性能,将间隔织物电容传感器的应力-电容曲线划分为3个阶段,分别研究每个阶段的灵敏度和线性度。结果表明:随着压力的增加,压力电容传感器的线性度会逐渐变差;其灵敏度,呈现出先逐渐增加,而后逐渐减小的趋势。在间隔织物的压缩平台区,电容传感器灵敏度最大,在间隔织物压缩的弹性区,电容传感器线性度最好。     

A modeling study on the lateral compressive behavior of spacer fabrics

Van Wyk’s equation was considered to study the lateral compressive behavior of spacer fabrics. To prepare the spacer fabrics, different monofilaments were fabricated between two solid spastic sheets, one centimeter apart. Two types of monofilaments and three different forms of arrangement were used. Compressive tests were carried out using a Zwick tensile tester set in compressive mode. The results show that there is a good linear correlation between the compressive force and inverse thickness cubed of spacer fabrics as long as the fibers behave elastically. It can be concluded that the Van Wyk’s equation can be adapted to predict the lateral compressive behavior of spacer fabrics with an acceptable accuracy. The results also revealed that the position and arrangement of the middle monofilament has significant effect on the lateral compressive behavior of the spacer fabrics.     

衬垫用经编间隔织物的压陷性能

为获得具有良好支撑性和压力分布的衬垫用经编间隔织物,对不同规格的经编间隔织物的压陷性能进行研究。在双针床拉舍尔经编机上,通过改变织物纵密、间隔丝垫纱角度、间隔丝直径以及脱圈板距离,试织了13种经编间隔织物试样。测试了试样的压缩应力与应变曲线,并以25%和65%压陷硬度和支撑因子作为评价织物压陷性能的指标。探讨间隔丝密度、垫纱角度和直径以及织物厚度对经编间隔织物压陷性能的影响。研究结果指出：织物屈服阶段是研究织物压缩性能的重要阶段;通过各种结构参数的合理配置,可以获取具有理想压缩特性的经编间隔织物衬垫材料。     

经编贾卡提花间隔织物的顶破性能

为探讨不同经编提花间隔织物结构的顶破性能差异,采用在拉舍尔双针床贾卡经编机上编织的8种不同提花结构的织物进行顶破性能试验,分析不同织物的顶破强力大小和顶破曲线特征,解释了经编间隔织物的顶破机制,并从提花面结构角度讨论对织物顶破强力的影响。结果表明：平布层和提花层分别影响间隔织物顶破过程的第1、2阶段;间隔层结构决定间隔织物顶破高度;提花面结构决定间隔织物顶破强力大小,厚组织顶破强力大于薄组织,顶破强力与网孔尺寸成反比关系;在鞋用经编提花间隔织物的设计中,可根据鞋面部位和功能需求进行灵活的组织搭配,丰富鞋材的花纹图案。     

经编间隔织物的冲击性能

为探讨间隔织物在一定冲击能量下对人体(支撑物)的保护性能。采用的原料为在拉舍尔双针床经编机上编织的6种不同结构(不同间隔丝梳栉横移针距、间隔丝直径和织物厚度)的间隔织物。分析了不同织物在一定冲击能量下的应力、能量和能量吸收效率特征。实验结果表明,随着间隔丝梳栉横移针距数的减小、间隔丝直径的增大,冲击产生的应力峰值减小,吸收的能量和能量吸收效率峰值增加,但间隔丝过于接近垂直的织物容易发生倒伏,不利于人体保护。较厚的织物产生的应力峰值小、吸收的能量多,中等厚度的织物能量吸收效率峰值高。刚度或厚度大的织物由于产生的应力峰值小有利于人体保护,但在选择织物结构时还需考虑人体穿着的舒适性。     

Investigation of physical models accuracy optimized by PSO for determining low-velocity impact behavior of warp-knitted spacer fabrics

Nowadays, warp-knitted spacer fabrics (WKSFs) have been developed for many applications. Impact response and energy absorption are important properties of WKSFs in protective applications. In this study, low-velocity impact (LVI) behavior of WKSFs was investigated. In this regard, physical models with maximum adoption to the behavior of WKSFs in LVI were determined. In the first step, LVI behavior of WKSFs was investigated using a high-speed camera. Then, the LVI response of WKSFs was assessed using three common physical models, i.e. Kelvin–Voigt, Maxwell, and standard linear models. In order to achieve the best adoption with WKSFs behavior in LVI, particle swarm optimization was applied to optimize the parameters of each model. The results showed that Kelvin–Voigt model had the highest accuracy with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.3%.     

超大隔距经编间隔织物的开发与应用

介绍超大隔距经编间隔织物的定义、成形技术和编织原理,并与传统经编间隔织物进行对比;同时,结合经编间隔织物的发展前景,重点阐述超大隔距经编间隔织物在医疗救护、运动娱乐和国防军事等领域内的产业优势和应用前景。     

纬编间隔织物及其吸声性能的研究

纬编间隔织物是采用纬编针织技术,用纱线或织物在垂直方向连接生产的两块独立织物,它具有特殊的结构和独特的吸声功能。介绍纺织材料的吸声机理,研究纬编间隔织物的编织生产工艺,分析纬编间隔织物的吸声性能及应用,认为纬编间隔织物在开发有吸声需求的产业用纺织品领域具有广阔的发展前景。     

三维经编间隔结构汽车坐垫织物的抗压缩疲劳性能

为研究三维经编汽车坐垫的抗压缩疲劳性能,选择芳砜纶作为织物表面层的原料,聚偏氟乙烯作为织物间隔层的原料,通过平纹、六角和菱形网孔3 种表面层组织的不同组合,设计了4 种组织结构方案,并通过对织物厚度的调节,对6 块织物试样进行抗压缩疲劳性能测试,比较分析各织物的抗压缩疲劳曲线及压缩疲劳后的破坏形态,探讨织物抗压缩疲劳性能影响因素。结果表明：表面层组织结构越密实,间隔丝的固着程度越高,织物所能承受的载荷越大,其抗压缩疲劳性能越好;在一定范围内,随着织物厚度的增加,织物的抗压缩疲劳性能增强。     

废棉再生气凝胶/经编间隔织物复合材料的制备及其性能

针对废旧纺织品制备纤维素气凝胶存在强度低、脆性高、韧性差的问题,将废旧棉花溶解在氢氧化钠/尿素水溶液体系中得到棉纤维素气凝胶(CFA),然后将经编间隔织物(WKSF)与其进行原位复合,经冷冻干燥得到CFA/WKSF复合材料,并对其形貌、压缩和隔热性能进行分析与研究。结果表明:CFA/WKSF复合材料保持了气凝胶的多孔网状结构;WKSF的加入使CFA的力学性能得到提高,其中编链和衬纬结构WKSF的加入使得CFA的压缩弹性模量和屈服强度分别提高了180%和450%,六角形网孔结构WKSF的加入使得CFA的压缩弹性模量和屈服强度分别提高了70%和312%;加入六角形网孔结构WKSF后,CFA/WKSF复合材料的导热系数相比CFA仅增加5%,仍具有良好的隔热性。