Analysis of colour strength,colour fastness and antimicrobial properties of silk fabric dyed with natural dye from red prickly pear fruit

In the present study, a natural dye is extracted from red prickly pear fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica) and is applied on the silk fabric using natural (myrobalan) and synthetic (copper sulphate) mordant. The dyeing of silk fabric is carried out using two different routes, namely, pre-mordanting and post-mordanting at different mordant concentrations and the dyed silk fabric was evaluated for its colour strength, colour fastness and antibacterial properties. The colour strength (K/S) was found to be higher in the post-mordant-processed fabric with the use of synthetic mordant compared to pre-mordanting and with the use of natural mordants and highest colour strength was observed at the mordant concentration of 6% and at a pH of 6 in all the cases. The colour fastness properties of the fabric also found to be improved in post-mordanting with use of synthetic mordants. The antimicrobial efficacy was also evaluated both in terms of zone of inhibition (qualitative analysis [SN195920]) and bacterial reduction % (quantitative analysis [AATCC 100]), against dyed silk fabric samples against on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.     

Light Fastness and Shade Variability of Tannin Colorant Dyed Wool with the Effect of Mordanting Methods

Mordanting methods effect on color characteristics and fastness properties, particularly light fastness were evaluated in this study. Effect of metal mordants and their combinations on wool dyeing with Terminalia chebula natural dye were investigated and correlation between dye structures, effect of metal mordant and mordanting methods were established. Results reveal that T. chebula can be used as yellow dye with or without metal mordants to get a variable range of shades on wool with good color strength and fastness properties, and appreciable shade variations with mordanting methods observed. Color performances of dyed substrate indicated substantial improvement in depth of shades and color fastness in case of mordanted samples. Pre-mordanting with tin and post-mordanting with alum proved to be most effective for increasing K/S values of the dyed substrate under the optimum dyeing conditions.     

Valorisation of almond shell waste in ultrasonic biomordanted dyeing: alternatives to metallic mordants

An agroindustrial waste, outer green shell of almond fruit has been valorised as a novel natural dye using chemical solvent-free extraction, small amount of metallic mordants, one-bath biomordanted dyeing, ultrasonic medium, auxiliary-free dyeing and washing. The main objective of this study is to evaluate biomordants vs. metallic mordants depending on heating system both in extraction and dyeing and to reveal alternatives to metallic mordants. Effects of conventional- and ultrasound-assisted systems on dyeing and fastness properties were investigated. Wool fabrics dyed using metallic mordants (alum, iron II sulphate, copper II sulphate and potassium dichromate) were compared with the samples dyed in conjunction with biomordants [powder of valex (acorn of Quercus ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) rind, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and thuja (Thuja orientalis) leaves] in terms of colour yield, colour coordinates and fastness properties. Heating system had significant effects on dyeing and fastness results. Power ultrasound did not present any advantage in colour yield increment while it presented different effects on fastness values depending on mordant and process type of which ultrasound was applied. Some biomordants could be replaced with metallic mordants depending on their types and heating system. They could produce completely different colour gamuts just like metallic mordants.     

UV protection properties of silk fabric dyed with eucalyptus leaf extract

A natural dye extracted from eucalyptus leaves was applied to a silk fabric using two padding techniques, namely the pad‐batch and pad‐dry techniques, under different conditions. It was observed that with an increase in the dye concentration, the ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF) values ranged between good and excellent for the silk fabric. In addition, a darker colour, such as that provided by a FeSO₄ mordant, gave better protection because of higher UV absorption. A silk fabric dyed in a solution containing the eucalyptus leaf extract showed a shade of pale yellowish‐brown. The exception was when the fabric was dyed with the FeSO₄ mordant, resulting in a shade of dark greyish‐brown. The colour fastness to washing and rubbing of the silk fabrics treated with the mordant after dyeing was investigated and the results showed good fastness, whereas colour fastness to light was at a fair level. The results confirmed that natural dyes from eucalyptus leaf extract with metal mordants have potential applications in fabric dyeing and in producing UV‐protective silk fabrics.     

Dyeing of cotton fabric with Cuminum cyminum L. as a natural dye and its comparison with synthetic dye

In the present study, an attempt has been made to dye the industrially bleached woven cotton fabric with Cuminum cyminum L., commonly known as cumin seeds, as a source of natural dye which has not been exploited as natural dye by far. Optimization of natural dye extraction from cumin seeds with respect to buffer mediums; acidic, neutral and alkaline and dyeing parameters viz., dyeing time, dyeing temperature, dyeing pH and electrolyte concentration was done. Dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out with the aqueous extract of cumin seeds with and without mordant. Dyeings obtained without mordants were compared with those obtained by pre-mordanting with tannic acid and various metallic mordants viz., potassium aluminium sulphate, ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate, stannous chloride and potassium dichromate and their combinations. Typical shades obtained with the natural dye were matched with commercially available reactive dyes and compared with fastness properties and indicative costs. From the results, it could be said that the natural dye extracted from cumin seeds has good potential in the textile dyeing market and can be exploited further.     

Alternative plants to be used in natural dyeing on wool yarn fibers

In this study, 28 plants were collected from nature and the extracts were obtained with and without mordants from these plants. The wool yarns (3.5 N m natural wool carpet yarns obtained from the natural fibers 60 s, 23.3 µm, 10^?4 cm) were colored by each of these extracts and the light and abrasion fastness of obtained colored substances of various colors were determined. While the plant showing the highest light fastness was walnut tree leaf (Juglans regia), the plant showing the highest abrasion fastness was determined as quince leaf (Cydonia oblonga). On the other hand, while the ferric sulfate as a mordant provided the highest light fastness, the highest abrasion fastness was obtained from the experimental group to which mordant was not applied.     

茜草染料对桑蚕丝/羊毛织物的印花性能

为了提高天然染料在毛纺织产业中的应用范围,提升产品质量,研究了茜草染料对桑蚕丝/羊毛的印花性能。探讨不同印花工艺对印花效果的影响,确定了桑蚕丝/羊毛印花采用前媒印花工艺。选择硫酸亚铁作为媒染剂,采用前媒印花工艺对桑蚕丝/羊毛进行印花加工。在此基础上进一步确定了最佳印花工艺参数:甘油用量2 g,汽蒸时间30 min,媒染剂质量浓度20 g/L。桑蚕丝/羊毛采用茜草染料印花后的耐摩擦色牢度和耐水洗色牢度较好,且具有较好的抑菌性能及防紫外线性能,具有较好的开发应用前景。     

Development of natural dyed jute fabric with improved colour yield and UV protection characteristics

Premordanting of jute fabric was carried out following single mordanting by biomordants (myrobolan and pomegranate) and ecofriendly chemical mordants (ferrous sulphate and potash alum) and double mordanting by sequential treatment of biomordant and ecofriendly chemical mordant. Extraction condition of natural dyes from manjistha, annatto, ratanjot and babool was standardised and applied on premordanted jute fabric. There is a substantial improvement of colour yield, levelness of dyeing and wash fastness properties of natural dyed jute fabric after double premordanting using bio and chemical mordant. Light fastness ratings are moderate to good while rubbing fastness are very good to excellent for all the natural dyed jute fabric. Very good ultraviolet (UV) protection ratings are achieved in case of dyeing of jute fabric using natural dyes extracted from manjistha, annatto, ratanjot and babool after premordanting with sequential treatment of biomordant and chemical mordant. UV protection properties of natural dyed jute fabric follows the order babool?>?annatto?>?manjistha?>?ratanjot.     

纯棉织物的红刺梨天然染料染色

将红刺梨汁提取物作为天然染料用于纯棉织物染色,研究染色、媒染工艺对染色织物表观颜色深度(K/S值)、染色牢度、染色均匀性的影响。结果表明,采用后媒染工艺,以单宁酸为媒染剂,在90℃、pH值8、氯化钠30 g/L和媒染剂4 g/L条件下,染色织物的K/S值、匀染性、染色牢度和断裂强力等指标均比较满意。     

改善涂料印花纺织品手感、色牢度方法

针对涂料印花织物手感较差、牢度较低等问题的影响因素进行了研究。摸索出一些较为可行的办法，如正确选择涂料色浆（及颜料浆）、粘合剂、印花糊料、各种添加剂、印花设备、印花浆的配制等，较好地解决了手感和牢度这对矛盾。在真丝、全棉等纤维制品上获得了较为满意的应用效果。     

The use of natural Areca catechu dyes for silk and nylon and its halochromic effect

Abstract

In this study, we have investigated the use of betel nut (Areca catechu) extract solution as a natural dye for the use of dyeing for silk and nylon. Chemical structure of betel nut extracted solution was confirmed by using FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy and thermal properties also measured for determining the proper dyeing temperature. In order to optimise the colouration properties, variable dyeing parameters (temp, pH and mordant type) was studied. The halochromic effect of synthesised natural dye was analysed by using UV–Vis spectroscopy. Additionally dye build-up, colour fastness properties of both fabrics were compared.     

涤纶织物的天然茜草染料染色

采用明矾、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铁三种媒染剂,使用天然茜草染料对涤纶织物进行染色。结果表明,同浴媒染法染得的涤纶织物颜色最深,同时得到最优化的染色工艺为:Al^3+、Fe^2+、Fe^3媒染剂质量分数分别为0.5%(omf).2.5%(omf)、0.5%(omf),染液pH值为3,染色温度为135℃,染色时间为50min。     

Ecological dyeing of silk fabric with lac dye by using padding techniques

This research focuses on silk fabrics exhibiting different colour values and fastness properties. The samples were prepared by dyeing with lac as a natural colourant. Two padding techniques were used in the process, namely, the pad-batch and pad-dry techniques, under different conditions. Aluminium potassium sulphate, ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate and stannous chloride were used as mordants. The effects of differing dye concentrations added to the silk fabrics using a pre- and post-mordant method were studied and recorded. The colour fastness to washing, light, rubbing, water and perspiration of the dyed samples was performed according to the present ISO standard. Silk fabric dyed without mordant showed a pink shade, while those samples mordanted with stannous chloride and aluminium potassium sulphate displayed noticeably brighter red coloured shades. With the additional use of copper sulphate, the colour shade produced was violet, while darker grey shades were obtained by adding ferrous sulphate mordant. The test results regarding fastness properties ranged from fair to very good, while wash fastness ranged from very poor to poor.     

桉树叶天然染料对蚕丝和羊毛织物的染色性能

将从桉树叶中提取的天然染料上染蚕丝和羊毛织物,染色过程分别采用冷轧堆法和浸轧烘干法,并分别配制质量浓度为5、10和20 g/L的染液,利用明矾、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜和氯化亚锡媒染剂对其进行染色。染色后蚕丝织物和羊毛织物的颜色为从浅黄到棕色,但用硫酸亚铁做媒染剂时呈深灰褐色。水洗、摩擦等色牢度非常好,耐晒牢度较好。     

A novel printing method to enhance the fixation of reactive dyes on wool–polyamide fabrics

The aim of this paper is to explain how colour fastness results are improved as a result of increasing the degree of fixation of reactive dyes on wool, polyamide and wool–polyamide blend fabrics. Wool–polyamide blend fabrics were printed with two different types of reactive dyes, e.g. monochlorotriazine and vinylsulphone. Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) was added to the printing paste for controlling the pH level during the fixation process to get a maximum colour yield and a maximum dye fixation on the two components of the blend, e.g. wool and polyamide. In order to accelerate the reaction rate, a quaternising agent, e.g. triethylamine (TEA) was also added to the printing paste. The factors that may affect the efficiency of printing method, e.g. the concentration of TCAA, urea, wetting agent, TEA, steaming time and temperature were studied in detail.     

媒染对天然染料染色性能的影响

为研究天然染料染色时金属离子的媒染机制,用钛、铁、铝、锌4种金属离子对棉织物进行前媒染,然后用天然染料——胭脂虫酸染色。研究结果表明:与无媒染染色织物相比,所用媒染剂种类不同,染色织物的上染率、色光、鲜艳度发生了不同程度的变化;媒染使染色织物获得了较好的牢度,同时力学性能有所变化。仪器分析显示:经4种金属离子媒染后的织物表面均被轻度腐蚀,经钛离子媒染后的织物表面可明显看到附着物;金属离子与纤维上配位基的配位反应主要发生在纤维的无定形区。     

天然染料媒染剂的媒染性及抗菌性

选取木犀草、介壳虫、洋苏木、板栗、茜草和绿茶等六种天然染料对纯棉织物进行染色,分别采用直接法、预媒染、后媒染、同浴媒染等四种染色工艺,探讨了媒染方法、媒染剂种类对天然染料上染棉织物的影响,并对染色织物进行了抗菌性试验。结果发现,媒染剂可以改变染色的色相,提高染料的上染百分率和染色牢度,但对染色织物的抗菌性有不同程度的影响,其中以单宁酸作媒染剂,可使染色织物的抗菌效果明显提高。     

Investigating the Combined Effect of Natural and Metal Salt Mordants on Coloring Potential of Indian Rhubarb (Rheum emodi) Natural Dye

Synthetic dyes produce wide range of shades, but some of them especially azo dyes have been recently discovered to cause severe human health and environmental problems. This has motivated research activities in the exploitation of dyes from natural products for the coloration of different textile materials. In the present investigation, Indian rhubarb (Rheum emodi) was used as a source of natural dye for the development of deep and bright shades on premordanted woollen yarn samples. Dyeing experiments were carried on wool samples pretreated with different combinations of natural and chemical mordants such as 2.5% myrobalan + 10% alum, 2.5% myrobalan + 2% iron, and 2.5% myrobalan + 0.5% tin. The light, wash, and rub fastness properties of dyed woollen yarn samples were evaluated along with the determination of lightness (L*), chroma (c*), hue angle (h°), and strength (K/S) values using 8% concentration of Indian rhubarb dye.     

Dyeing Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from the Junipers Leaves (J. excelsa Bieb. and J. oxycedrus L.)

In this paper, two natural dyes were extracted from Junipers leaves (Juniperus oxycedrus L. and Juniperus excelsa Bieb.). Wool yarn (for carpet) was dyed with the extract using ferrous (II) sulfate, potassium dichromate and sodium sulfate as mordant. Then, CIELab (L*, a*, b*, c,* and h) values, color differences (ΔE) and color strength (K/S) values of dyed wool yarns were examined and the fastness properties of dyed wool against dry and wet rubbing were evaluated. According to the experimental results, the use of mordant increased the color strength of dye goods. All mordant increased the rub fastness of dyed samples such as similar scientific studies previously. Compared to two junipers, dyeing samples of J. excelsa are dyed darker than that of J. oxycedrus.     

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Silk and Cotton Textiles Using Combination of Three Natural Colorants

Silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with combination of three colorants extracted from Acacia catechu (AC), Alkanna tinctoria (AT), and Curcuma Longa (CL) in nine different formulations at 80°C by exhaustion method without mordanting. Dyed samples were evaluated for color value and washing fastness. The biodegradability of dye bath effluent was assessed by measuring the pH, TDS and COD of the residual dye bath liquor. It is inferred that the final color of dyed fabrics from each formulation is governed by the dominant natural dye in the dyeing combination. K/S values inferred that the exhaustion of natural dye is higher in silk fabric than cotton fabric in all formulations. It could be concluded that in the dyeing combination, colorant that have very good affinity towards the functional groups of fibers, itself acts as mordant for other natural colorants.