Thermophysiological comfort properties of selected knitted fabrics and design of T-shirts

Thermal comfort is one of the most important components of comfort which shows physiological, psychological, and physical harmony between human body and environment. The heat and moisture transfer capacity of fabric from skin to environment affects the thermal comfort of garments. The transfer capacity depends on the characteristic features of raw materials and fabric structural properties. In this study, it is aimed to determine the advantages of knitted fabric types, taking into account the environmental condition and activity level by measuring the thermal comfort properties such as air permeability, wicking, moisture management, thermal and water vapor resistances. Two knitted structures composed of tuck and float combinations and six raw materials were chosen for the fabrics produced. According to the measurement results, the polyester and cotton/Coolmax fabrics with float stitches have had good liquid moisture transport properties. Besides, high air permeability and low water vapor resistance have been obtained in viscose and Tencel LF fabrics with tuck stitches. On the basis of the results obtained in this investigation, and taking into consideration thermal behavior of human body, four women’s and five men’s T-shirts are designed. These T-shirt designs may be helpful for further approaches on the optimization of thermal comfort for sports activities in hot environment.     

改性黏胶/棉纬编面料开发

采用改性黏胶纤维ComfortechTM与长绒棉纤维按质量比40/60混合,经赛络紧密纺工艺纺制成19.44 tex改性黏胶/棉混纺纱,测试并分析该混纺纱的捻度、毛羽、摩擦因数、条干不匀和力学性能等指标;再经组织结构设计、针织和染整加工,开发含成圈、集圈、浮线等花色组织的改性黏胶/棉纬编面料,测试与分析该面料的扭曲性、刚柔性、抗起毛起球性、透气性、缩水性、染色牢度、pH值、甲醛含量、偶氮含量和抗菌性等指标。结果显示改性黏胶/棉纬编面料不仅具有手感柔软、透气性好等优良的服用性能,且染色牢度高,抗菌功能良好。     

Thermal and water vapor transmission through porous warp knitted 3D spacer fabrics for car upholstery applications

This paper deals with water vapor transmission and thermal properties of various warp knitted spacer fabrics. In this work, thermal and water vapor permeability of different spacer fabrics have been evaluated by varying the structure, areal density, thickness, type of raw materials, etc. The air permeability and water vapor transmission of the fabrics were measured using the Textest FX-3300 air permeability tester and PERMETEST. The thermal behavior of fabrics was evaluated by Alambeta instrument. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed using new statistical software in order to compare the influence of different fabric parameters on thermo-physiological behavior of samples. This study established that the raw materials, type of spacer yarn, density, thickness, and tightness of surface layer have significant influence on thermal conductivity in spacer fabrics. The parameters which mainly influence the water vapor permeability of these fabrics are porosity, density, and thickness. The empirical model for thermal conductivity calculation shows very high accuracy when compared with experimental results. The statistical model for spacer fabrics also predicts the thermo-physiological properties with very high accuracy. These findings are important requirements for further designing of spacer fabrics for car seats and back supports.     

Investigation on thermo-physiological and compression characteristics of weft-knitted 3D spacer fabrics

The thermo-physiological comfort and compression properties of knitted spacer fabrics have been evaluated by varying the different spacer fabric parameters. Air permeability and water vapor transmission of the fabrics were measured using the Textest FX-3300 air permeability tester and PERMETEST. Thermal behavior of fabrics was evaluated by (TCi) thermal conductivity analyzer and overall moisture management capacity was evaluated by moisture management tester. Spacer fabrics compression properties were also tested using KES-FB3. In the KES testing, the compression resilience, work of compression, linearity of compression, and other parameters were calculated from the pressure–thickness curves. Analysis of variance was performed using new statistical software named QC expert trylobite and Darwin in order to compare the influence of different fabric parameters on thermo-physiological and compression behavior of samples. This study established that the raw materials, type of spacer yarn, density, thickness, and tightness of surface layer have significant influence on both thermal conductivity and work of compression in spacer fabrics. The parameter which mainly influences the water vapor permeability of these fabrics is the property of raw material i.e. the wetting and wicking properties of fibers. The Pearson correlation between moisture capacity of the fabrics and water vapor permeability was found.     

Thermo-physiological comfort properties of double-face knitted fabrics made from different types of polyester yarns and cotton yarn

Double-face knitted fabrics with hydrophobic inner and hydrophilic outer layers are characterised by their advantageous thermo-physiological comfort property that facilitates the transport of sweat from skin to outer fabric layer where it can be evaporated easily. In this study, for the production of double-face knitted fabrics, cotton yarn as hydrophilic yarn type and five different polyester filament yarns consisting of standard polyester, hollow polyester, micro polyester, textured polyester and textured micro polyester as hydrophobic yarn type were used. In order to determine the thermo-physiological comfort properties of the fabrics, air permeability, water vapour permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and overall moisture management capacity were measured. The results were comparatively analysed using statistical methods. The experimental results demonstrated that the polyester-type yarns and the combinations of them with the cotton yarn in fabric layers affected the thermo-physiological comfort properties significantly. The fabrics with polyester-type inner face and cotton outer face showed the best moisture transmission properties.     

组织结构对针织物电磁屏蔽效能的影响

设计了几种代表性织物组织结构的不锈钢纤维混纺针织物,研究了织物组织结构对针织物电磁屏蔽效能的影响。织物组织结构选择充满系数较高的双罗纹组织、打鸡双面组织、添纱衬垫组织、衬纬组织和绕经组织,以降低织物厚度、密度、孔隙等因素对织物电磁屏蔽效能的影响。对所有织物进行了电磁屏蔽效能测试,结果显示:双罗纹织物、双面织物、添纱衬垫织物、衬纬织物的电磁屏蔽效能都很不理想,且远远低于含不锈钢纤维机织平纹布,但是绕经织物的电磁屏蔽效能要比其他组织的针织物的屏蔽效能高得多,基本能达到国标上对屏蔽服的屏蔽效能要求。绕经织物与其他几种针织物最大的不同就是在纵向多了一些连续的含不锈钢纤维的混纺纱。说明针织物组织结构是影响电磁屏蔽效能的关键因素,可通过在织物纵横向形成纵横交错的导通的金属网栅的方式来改善不锈钢纤维混纺针织物的屏蔽效能。     

密度非均匀分布纬编针织物的变形预测及仿真

针对不同密度的纬编针织物组织结合形成的织物成品变形明显、成品效果预测难度大的问题,提出了一种密度非均匀分布的纬编针织物的变形预测及仿真方法。基于织物中不同密度成员织物组织的具体分布情况,提出了对应的织物弹簧-质点模型的初始状态的确定方法,在此基础上对质点进行受力分析并建立相应的力学微分方程,通过数值方法求解力学微分方程得到质点位置;基于二维Peirce线圈模型建立NURBS线圈模型,并确定曲线控制顶点和织物圈距、圈高的关系,进一步建立质点-控制点关联式;将质点受力偏移后的位置代入质点-控制点关联式,实现带有曲线线圈形态的密度非均匀分布的纬编针织物变形模拟;将织物仿真图与真实针织样品进行对比,结果表明仿真效果可靠。     

高导湿抗菌功能针织物研究

文章利用差动毛细效应原理设计了5种高导湿抗菌功能针织物,研究分析针织物的抗菌性能,比较5种高导湿抗菌功能针织物的导湿性、干燥性,结果显示高导湿抗菌功能针织物具有显著的抑菌率和杀菌率;织物内外层纤维线密度差大,织物导湿性好,干燥快。     

仿生鸟羽结构针织面料开发与性能评价

为缩短国内滑雪服研发技术与国外品牌的差距,探讨仿生鸟羽结构对针织织物热湿性能的影响,以便更好地提升国内滑雪保暖裤的穿着舒适性.首先,通过融合仿生学和提花设计手法改变织针成圈方式,根据羽毛微观结构特征开发了8种不同组织结构的仿生针织运动面料;然后,在热阻、保温率、透湿率、透气率和经纬向芯吸高度等单一指标对比的基础上,建立...     

STF针织复合防刺层的性能优化探讨

以采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维制作的抗剪切增稠针织物(STF)、纬平针织物和聚丙烯非织造织物复合而成的防刺层为研究对象,从织物的铺层角度和复合比例出发,探讨优化STF针织复合防刺层的防刺性能的方法。实验结果表明,STF织物层和纬平针织物层间的铺层角度均为135°时,抗穿刺性能最强;STF织物、非织造织物和纬平针织物的层数比例依次为1∶3∶2时,STF针织复合防刺层的综合性能最佳。     

The effect of knit structures with tuck stitches on fabric properties and pilling resistance

The patterns of knit fabrics are designed by loops, tuck stitches, and float stitches and their combinations. The tuck stitch has important influences on fabric properties. It increases the fabric’s weight, thickness, and width and makes the fabric more porous than other fabrics. In this study, to determine the effects of knit structures which are made from the same cotton yarn with tuck stitches on fabric properties and pilling resistance, circular knit fabrics with different locations and number of tuck stitches were produced and dyed under the same conditions. In the evaluation process of the results, graphs were drawn and variance analyses were performed. At the end of the study, important findings were determined. The number and location of the tuck stitches and stitch length are effective factors on the structural, physical properties and the pilling resistance of knit fabrics. The fabrics with tuck stitches have much higher porosity, weight, and thickness compared to single jersey fabric. The dyeing process increases fabric weight. Single jersey has the lowest pilling resistance in comparison to fabrics having tuck stitches. The fabrics having more pores and larger pores show higher resistance to pilling. Dyeing and finishing processes decreased the pilling resistance of fabrics.     

聚乙烯针织物的热湿舒适性能

为研究织物结构参数对聚乙烯针织物热湿舒适性能的影响,选取3种规格的聚乙烯长丝织成双罗纹针织物,并选用涤纶、凉感涤纶长丝制备相同结构双罗纹织物作为对比试样,研究构成织物的原料种类、未充满系数、捻度对织物孔隙率、透气性、导热及导湿性能的影响。结果表明:在织物结构相同的情况下,构成织物的原料、未充满系数与织物透气、导湿、导热等热湿舒适性能显著相关;纱线捻度与织物的导热及导湿性能显著相关;与涤纶、凉感涤纶织物相比,聚乙烯长丝表面存在沟壑,结晶度、取向度较高,其织物具有优良的透气、导湿和导热性能,是制备凉爽舒适功能纺织品良好原材料。     

Coolmax纤维含量对交织物舒适性能的影响

对5种Coolmax／棉交织织物的吸水性、透湿性、透气性进行了测试,建立了Coolmax纤维含量与织物经向、纬向芯吸高度,透湿量、透气率的回归方程。结果表明随着纬纱中Coolmax纤维含量的增加,Coolmax／棉交织织物的吸水性、透湿性和透气性越好。     

导湿凉感织物结构设计与性能测试

为解决常规凉感纤维不吸水,难以导出汗液,进而造成织物表面不干爽、不能持久凉爽的问题,利用润湿梯度及异型纤维的差动毛细效应,通过调整纬编间隔织物表层、中间层、里层的纱线配置,赋予织物接触凉感和导湿性能。并测试纤维的微观形貌以及织物的接触瞬间凉感、透湿性能、导湿性能、透气性能等。结果表明,织物表层采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,里层采用竹纤维,中间连接层采用十字形截面的涤纶纤维,所制备织物的导湿及凉感性能更优异。     

水溶性维纶在纬编针织产品上的应用

介绍了两款利用水溶性纤维的特性和纬平针的卷边性能开发的特色纬编花式面料,包括1种大网眼针织物和1种纬编针织荷叶花边布。阐述了各款面料的外观效果、编织工艺及其成形原理。详细介绍了编织工艺中设备参数、纱线配置方法、织针排列、三角排列以及面料规格参数。     

差别化柞/桑弹力真丝纬编针织物的性能研究

介绍了差别化柞／桑弹力真丝纬编针织物的压缩性和透气性变化趋势,对差别化柞／桑弹力真丝纬编针织物产品开发进行了初步探索。     

大豆蛋白复合纤维/涤纶针织物混纺比与舒适性的关系

为了研究大豆蛋白复合纤维/涤纶针织物的热湿舒适性能与混纺比之间的关系,对7种不同混纺比例的大豆蛋白复合纤维/涤纶针织物的保暖性能、透湿性能、导热性能、冷暖感、透气性能、浸润性能等进行测试分析。结果表明:随着大豆蛋白复合纤维含量的增加,大豆蛋白复合纤维/涤纶针织物的保暖性逐渐提高,导热系数基本呈现逐渐减小的趋势,接触凉爽感越来越好;大豆蛋白复合纤维/涤纶针织物的透气性也逐渐提高,其芯吸效应越显著。     

羊毛畦编针织物尺寸特性分析

通过实验的方法,研究了横机编织的罗纹、半畦编和畦编羊毛针织物的尺寸特性,对3种织物的线圈长度、纵横向水洗收缩率、纵密及横密等各尺寸特性进行了分析与比较,实验得出,由于集圈线圈的存在,半畦编和畦编针织物的尺寸特性显著不同于罗纹针织物.通过建立尺寸变化率公式,计算出畦编织物与罗纹织物尺寸参数间的关系,可用于工厂实际生产设计时参考.     

用作汽车座垫的两种经编间隔织物性能比较

介绍了间隔织物的结构、试验所用原料及复合工艺，比较了海绵座垫与间隔织物座垫的压缩性曲线，说明间隔织物不仅环保而且在压缩性上优于海绵，更适合做汽车座垫。     

纬编间隔床品面料的结构及性能分析

采用3.3 tex涤纶单丝为间隔纱,8.3 tex涤纶和2.2 tex氨纶交织为表层,制备4种不同密度、厚度及间隔纱连接方式的纬编间隔织物。分析织物组织结构和编织工艺,并测试力学性能和热湿舒适性能,分析面料厚度、密度与各项性能关系,用数学模糊分析法对面料进行综合分析。结果表明,间隔纱连接方式对面料拉伸断裂性和顶破性有一定影响,对透气透湿性无明显影响;厚度、密度较小且间隔纱交叉连接的织物综合性能最好;选择床垫面料时考虑厚度、密度及间隔纱连接方式对面料性能影响。