Characterization of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics for industrial air filter application

Needle-punched nonwoven fabrics with three different areal weights have been developed using micro-denier (0.8 Denier) and fine-denier (3 and 6 Denier) staple polyester fibers, separately. Process parameters such as punching density and depth of penetration have been changed according to the fabric areal weight. Effect of fiber fineness and areal weight on air permeability, tensile strength, bursting strength and compressibility of the fabric has been analyzed. It has been observed that air permeability decreases with the increase in areal weight of the nonwoven. The micro-denier fiber nonwoven gives 40% lower air permeability as compared with fine-denier fabrics. 6 Denier nonwoven provides 44% higher tensile strength as compared to 0.8 Denier nonwoven fabric and 23% higher tensile strength than 3 Denier fabrics. Compressibility and compression recovery of 6 Denier fabrics are also better as compared with other fabrics. However, micro-denier fabric shows 24% improvement in bursting strength and very good air dust filtration efficiency.     

Study on thermal and evaporative resistances of multilayered fabric ensembles

The present work deals with the study on thermal and evaporative resistance of multilayered fabric ensembles meant for cold weather applications. Three-layered structure is used to study the thermal comfort properties. Knitted fabric and polytetrafluoroethylene coated fabrics were used in inner and outer layer, respectively. Needle punched fabrics produced from polyester fibre were used in middle layer. Fifteen different non-woven fabrics were produced according to Box and Behnken experimental design for three variables and three levels by varying mass per unit area, punch density and depth of needle penetration. The produced fabrics were evaluated for thermal and evaporative resistances with and without inner and outer layer fabrics. Thickness, air permeability, bulk density and porosity of the needle punched fabrics were studied. The properties of the fabrics were analyzed for statistical significance by using ‘Design-Expert’ statistical software. Artificial neural network model was developed to predict the properties of fabrics and validation of model was done with the testing data-set. The performance of prediction was evaluated by mean square error, mean absolute error percentage and correlation coefficient. It was concluded that the predicted properties of fabric correlated well with the experimental results.     

An investigation of thermal comfort properties of Abaya woven fabrics

Abaya is a traditional Muslim woman’s outer garment. It is black in colour, and must be worn over the normal day-to-day clothing according to Islamic law. It is mandatory to wear Abaya in Arabian Gulf countries irrespective of the outside environmental temperature, which can be up to 50°C. Having many layers of clothing including Abaya makes it extremely uncomfortable for the wearer in a hot environment. Thermal comfort performance is, therefore, essential for fabrics used for Abaya. This study investigated some commercially available woven Abaya fabrics for thermal resistance, air permeability, thermal comfort, vapour resistance and fabric structural and surface properties. The results indicated that the Abaya fabrics with different weave structures, fibre composition and fabric weight have greater influence on the fabric thermal comfort performance.     

非织造过滤材料的孔隙结构与透气性能研究

研究了非织造过滤材料的孔隙结构与透气性之间的关系。分析了材料的厚度、纤维线密度、不同非织造工艺形成的材料密度、热粘合所形成的纤维粘结点形态和粘合面积对材料孔径及其分布的影响。     

涤纶针刺滤料的 PTFE 乳液整理工艺探索

选择两种结构致密程度不同的涤纶针刺滤料,对其进行PTFE乳液整理,研究了浸渍温度、浸渍时间、PTFE乳液浓度、轧车压力、预烘温度、预烘时间、焙烘温度和焙烘时间八项工艺参数对滤料透气率的影响规律。正交优化试验结果显示：可以使结构疏松滤料透气率变化率最大的工艺为浸渍时间15 min,轧车压力0．2 MPa,预烘温度100℃,预烘时间5 min,焙烘温度180℃,焙烘时间7 min;可以使结构致密滤料透气率变化率最大的整理工艺为浸渍时间15 min,轧车压力0．5 MPa,预烘温度80℃,预烘时间10 min,焙烘温度160℃,焙烘时间3 min。     

Comparison of fabric properties knitted by pin spacer compact and conventional compact yarns

This study examined the influence of pin spacer apparatus attachment on compact yarn quality parameters and physical properties of knitted fabrics manufactured using those 100% cotton compact yarns. Two groups of compact yarns were spun on regular compact yarn spinning frame with and without addition of pin spacer apparatus which is placed at the end of the drawing unit of regular compact yarn spinning frame. Totally eight yarns were spun at four different yarn number levels (Ne 24/1, Ne 30/1, Ne 36/1 and Ne 40/1) and two different spinning conditions (with and without pin spacer apparatus). Spun yarn types were then knitted on the industrial sized plain knitting machine. Knitted fabrics were used in the greige and dyed form to evaluate their bursting strength (kPa), dimensional change, abrasion related mass loss (%), pilling resistance, air permeability (mm/s) and colour difference. Test results were then statistically evaluated and influence of pin spacer attachment on yarn quality parameters and fabric properties was determined. In the frame of this experimental work, attachment of pin spacer apparatus improved compact yarn characteristics especially at yarn evenness, imperfection and hairiness values. In case of knitted fabric properties, it was found that pin spacer apparatus attached compact yarn utilization significantly improved air permeability properties of knitted fabrics.     

可吸附铜离子丙纶非织造布的改性制备

利用等离子体对惰性丙纶非织造布进行修饰处理,在织物表面引入羧基和羟基极性反应位点。通过接触角测试和显微镜观察确认了改性织物的亲水性和形貌,然后将自制的羧甲基壳聚糖与乙二胺四乙酸在使用缩合剂N,N-二环已基碳酰亚胺的条件下接枝处理织物。研究了等离子体处理时间、吸附时间对铜离子吸附性能的影响。结果表明,低温等离子处理后,织物的亲水性得到了明显改善,织物的接枝率随等离子体处理时间的延长而增大,铜离子吸附能力与吸附时间呈正相关关系。     

涤纶水刺非织造布的拒水整理与性能测试

采用含氟防水剂DF-3000对涤纶水刺非织造布进行拒水整理,探讨了整理剂质量浓度、焙烘温度和焙烘时间对整理效果的影响,总结了整理工艺,并研究了兼顾色牢度和拒水性能的整理方法。结果表明,当DF-3000质量浓度为8 g/L,焙烘温度为170~175℃,焙烘时间为1 min时,经拒水整理的非织造布拒水等级达到5级,耐水压性能达到16 cm以上。在拒水剂中加入聚乙烯醇(PVA)能使非织造布兼顾拒水性能和色牢度。     

抗静电热熔胶的制备及其在覆膜非织造布中的应用

为提升聚乙烯/聚丙烯(PE/PP)覆膜非织造布的抗静电性能,通过高分子抗静电剂与改性松香树脂热熔胶共混制备抗静电复配热熔胶,并将其用于PE/PP非织造布的喷胶覆膜加工。分析了复配热熔胶的热稳定性以及抗静电剂添加量对其熔融黏度的影响,并对比测试了复配胶对PE/PP覆膜非织造布抗静电性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着高分子抗静电剂质量分数的增加,复配胶熔融黏度逐渐降低后趋于稳定;复配胶在高温区的热稳定性下降,但熔融状态下的热稳定性不受影响;复配胶可向PP非织造布、PE膜基体及其外表面渗透,构筑电荷转移与泄漏网络,从而提升覆膜非织造布的抗静电性能,且抗静电性能的提升与复配胶中抗静电剂的质量分数成正相关;经5次水洗后,PE/PP覆膜非织造布仍具有一定的抗静电性能。     

热定型工艺对涤纶机织滤布性能的影响

以大连华隆滤布有限公司织造的涤纶机织滤布为研究对象,探讨热定型工艺对涤纶机织滤布性能的影响。采用二次回归正交设计得出断裂强力、透气性与定型工艺的非线性关系式,并确定该涤纶机织滤布的最佳定型工艺为温度210℃、经向张力100 kN、时间151 s。     

应用粗糙集和支持向量机的熔喷非织造布过滤性能预测

为预测熔喷非织造布的过滤性能,提出基于属性约简和支持向量机的预测方法。运用粗糙集理论在ROSETTA 环境下对含有9 个参数的熔喷非织造纤网结构参数全集进行约简,得到6 个各含3 个参数的约简集。分别将参数全集及各个约简集作为输入建立基于支持向量机（SVM）和ＢＰ 神经网络（BP-ANN）的28 个过滤性能预测模型,运用交叉验证法进行模型结构参数优化。结果表明：以含厚度、纤维直径和孔径的约简集为输入,基于ＳＶＭ模型预测准确度最高;其对过滤效率和过滤阻力的预测精度均超过98%,且CV 值均小于2%,表明这3 个参数是影响熔喷非织造布过滤性能的核心要素;基于SVM 模型的预测准确度总体优于基于BP-ANN模型的。     

机织土工织物结构参数与渗透性关系探讨

探讨了机织土工织物的织物组织、纱线细度、经纬纱密度等因素对织物渗透性的影响。确定了织物组织结构参数与渗透系数之间的回归关系。通过改变织物的组织结构参数使土工布具有不同的水力学性能,从而满足不同工程的要求。     

涤纶针刺滤料的拒水拒油整理工艺研究

使用FG-910含氟拒水拒油整理剂对涤纶针刺滤料进行拒水拒油整理,研究了在整理过程中五个主要因素对整理效果的影响规律,并进行了正交优化试验。结果表明:最佳的整理工艺参数是浸渍温度55℃、浸渍时间25 min、FG-910质量浓度60 g/L、焙烘温度150℃和焙烘时间150 s,在该条件下整理可使涤纶针刺滤料的拒水等级和拒油等级都达到8级,且透气率变化率达到18.75%,可有效地改善滤料的过滤性能。     

氧化石墨烯接枝聚丙烯非织造布的制备及其抗静电性

为改善聚丙烯非织造布的抗静电性,以氧化石墨烯为接枝单体,冰醋酸为催化剂,通过响应面分析法优化聚丙烯非织造布接枝氧化石墨烯工艺参数。探讨了氧化石墨烯质量浓度、催化剂浓度和接枝温度对接枝率的影响,借助织物摩擦式静电测试仪、表面张力测试仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对非织造布进行测试和表征。获得聚丙烯非织造布接枝氧化石墨烯最优工艺参数:氧化石墨烯质量浓度为17.06 g/L,冰醋酸浓度为0.031 mol/L,温度为70.60 ℃,在此条件下测得,接枝率为22.3%。结果表明:接枝后聚丙烯非织造布的摩擦带电电压为1 094 V,接触角为76.9°;接枝后的非织造布较原布粗糙,并且明显附着一层物质;接枝后的非织造布在1 621、1 385、1 117 cm^-1处出现了新的峰,证明氧化石墨烯的存在。     

典型水刺法非织造布工艺流程的配置与应用

介绍水刺法非织造布常用的三种工艺流程配置,分析这三种工艺流程的特点和功能。     

The effects of chitosan antimicrobial treatments on the physical and mechanical properties and wear performances of highly elastic fabrics used for burn scar management

As exerted pressures play a critical role on highly elastic fabrics on performances of pressure garments in burn scar management, they should also protect their physical and mechanical properties after chemical treatments. Samples were treated with chitosan to achieve antimicrobial property for further designs to help rehabilitation. In this study, the physical, mechanical properties and wear performances of chitosan treated highly elastic fabrics in comparison with untreated control samples were investigated. Results showed that a small significant decrease was observed for air permeability, bursting strength and drapeability while a small significant increase was observed for stiffness (CD, MD). The elasticity of the fabrics was protected during 90 days observation with time-dependent fabric growth analysis. The moisture regain of the fabric samples showed a small significant increase. Antimicrobial tests showed that all treated samples have a very good antimicrobial activity.     

Bias tensile strength behaviors of woven fabric: theoretical and experimental

This paper mainly focuses on the uniaxial bias extension behaviors of quartz plain weave fabrics. A series of bias extension tests are carried out on quartz plain weave fabrics with different widths to evaluate the strength behaviors. A portable microscope is adopted to capture and record informative resources on the sample surface. The tensile tenacity, load–displacement curves, width change history as well as Poisson’s ratio history of different sample widths are compared and analyzed. Also, a theoretical model is proposed to predict the critical width which is the maximum width without yarn failure in bias extension test. Theoretical prediction shows reasonable agreement with experiments. Tensile tests operated on three directions (warp, weft, and bias) reveal the significant mechanical difference is primarily caused by different failure mechanisms.     

水性聚氨酯胶复合非织造布/软木纸材料的性能研究

采用水性聚氨酯（PU）胶对非织造布与软木纸进行复合,通过正交试验探讨了加热温度、加热时间、滚压压力和滚压次数对非织造布／软木纸复合材料剥离强度、弯曲刚度和拉伸强度的影响,采用数理统计分析法得到了水性聚氨酯（PU）胶用于非织造布／软木纸复合材料制作的最佳工艺,并与VEA乳胶的复合结果进行了对比。     

An investigation into the effect of fabric structure on the compressional properties of woven fabrics

Lateral compression is one of the most important mechanical aspects of fabrics, which reflects their handle. Fabric compressional features depend on the compressional characteristics of constituent yarns and the fabric structure. In order to consider the effect of fabric structural parameters on its compressional properties, woven fabrics with five different weave patterns (plain, hopsack 2/2, twill 2/2, twill 3/1, warp rib 2/2) were produced with three different nominal weft densities (12, 15, 18 cm^?1). The compressional properties of produced fabrics were evaluated at different pressure values using a conventional fabric thickness tester. It was observed that increasing the weft density leads to decrease in the dissipated compression energy as well as the compressibility of the fabric, while the thickness recovery of the fabric increases. Moreover, the plain woven fabric exhibited the lowest dissipated compression energy and compressibility, while the highest thickness recovery. Besides, at the low pressure level, the fabrics with the lower weft densities demonstrate the higher thickness. By increase in the pressure level, the fabric thickness decreases by decreasing the weft density.     

精棉绢丝双层提花织物的研制

介绍了JC／绢丝（70／30）9．7tex混纺纱的纺纱工艺要点及其双层提花织物的织造技术,阐述了在日本津田驹喷气织机上采用双织轴织造的关键技术,织造时应随时利用张力仪测定小轴的张力变化及织造情况并及时调节张力。适当加大小轴张力,达到大小轴张力配合适宜、织造同步的目的。