Effect of cotton fiber and yarn characteristics on color variation in woven fabric dyed with vat dyes

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cotton fiber and yarn characteristics on the color variation of woven fabrics dyed with vat dyes. A fabric length of 31?m was woven so that each meter of the fabric comprised weft yarns of slightly different cotton fiber or yarn characteristics as compared to the other. The woven fabric was pretreated and dyed with vat dyes using industrial-scale, pad-dry-chemical-pad-steam process. After dyeing it was found that the fabric containing weft yarns made from cotton with higher reflectance (Rd) values gave poor color strength as compared to that of lower Rd values. Fabric comprising combed weft yarns showed better color depth (K/S) values as compared to that comprising carded weft yarns made from the same raw cotton. Furthermore, the fabric comprising finer- or lower-twist weft yarns gave higher color depth as compared to that with coarser or higher-twist weft yarns. It was concluded that slight variations in the cotton or yarn characteristics in the weft yarns could result in significant shade variations in the vat-dyed fabric.     

用于热塑复合材料的混合纱织造性能

研究了由玻璃纤维和丙纶纤维组成的包芯编带纱、摩擦纺纱、空心锭子包缠纱以及玻璃纤维纱的织造性能。在设计的实验条件下,经过100次摩擦后,包芯编带纱表面只出现少许毛羽,纱线强力基本没有变化;摩擦纺纱的包覆纤维被完全剥离,纱线强力下降60%;空心锭子包缠纱在摩擦70次左右发生断裂;玻璃纤维纱产生大量的断丝,强力下降52%。三维织造实验表明,包芯编带纱具有优良的可织造性能,而上述其它的纱线难以进行织造加工,特别是难以织造高密织物和三维织物。     

回潮率对石英纤维纱织造前后力学性能的影响

为研究导致石英纤维纱使用过程中强度下降的主要因素,对石英纤维纵、横截面及形貌进行表征,测试不同回潮率、不同线密度石英纤维纱织造前后拉伸断裂强度,分析织造过程中整经、开口、打纬等对其力学性能的影响,并探究浸润剂对石英纤维纱力学性能的影响。结果表明:石英纤维纱的拉伸断裂强度随回潮率增加而显著下降,其中95 tex石英纤维纱当回潮率为100%时比0%时拉伸强度降幅最大可达41%;95 tex石英纤维纱在1.0%回潮率织造后,其纤维拉伸强度下降高达60.94%;添加浸润剂对纤维纱强度有明显增强效果,390 tex石英纤维纱添加体积分数为100%浸润剂时,纱线强度增加17%;二氧化硅吸湿及浸润剂吸湿是导致石英纤维纱强度下降的主要原因。     

原色与脱色牦牛绒精梳纯纺纱工艺研究

针对牦牛绒纤维主体长度短、长度离散度大、含有大量粗死毛等导致无法使用现有毛精纺设备实现精梳制条的问题,通过采用便捷喂毛、高效预梳、低损伤分梳、落物充分回收装置组成高效分梳机构,将卷曲、块状绒团拉伸为基本伸直的单纤维状。在细纱工序,分别采用环锭纺、网格圈紧密纺、全聚纺纺制原色和脱色牦牛绒单纱和赛络纱,并对成纱质量进行测试分析。结果表明:16.7 tex牦牛绒纯纺纱采用环锭纺时由于断头多而导致无法正常纺纱;与网格圈紧密纺相比,全聚纺所纺原色牦牛绒纱的强伸性和条干有所改善,但毛羽质量略差;与原色牦牛绒相比,脱色牦牛绒纯纺纱的综合性能有所下降,尤其是成纱强力有所降低;与网格圈型紧密纺相比,全聚纺由于实现了对牵伸后的纤维须条的平行集聚,更有利于对脱色后强力较低的牦牛绒纤维实现更加柔性、平稳的集聚加工。     

碳纤维二维编织管状织物的编织工艺

针对碳纤维在二维编织过程中不耐扭折、易受损断纱的问题,通过拉伸性能实验和导纱瓷眼折角磨损实验分析了碳纤维复丝的可编织性能,探讨了纱管在缠绕过程中应注意的问题。在24 锭二维编织机上编织了8 种不同工艺参数的碳纤维管状编织物,研究了编织工艺对织物外观起毛情况及力学性能的影响。结果表明：碳纤维复丝的断裂强度为86.39 cN/tex,断裂伸长率为1.12%,断裂强度远高于其他纤维,但延伸性差;影响碳纤维复丝在导纱瓷眼处折角磨损程度的因素依次为牵引力、折角、编织速度;在编织纱线根数不变的情况下,随编织节距的减小,管状编织物的面密度逐渐增加,起毛现象严重,编织物的拉伸断裂强力降低。     

HSR1000型并条机自调匀整效果分析

探讨HSR1000型并条机的自调匀整效果.通过在普梳、精梳纯棉、化纤纯纺及混纺、针织品种上进行HSR1000型自调匀整并条机应用效果试验,同时进行自调匀整并条机对并条重量检测试验频次的影响试验,认为:纯棉普梳和纯化纤品种仍采用两道并合,末道采用自调匀整并条;纯棉精梳品种可采用单道自调匀整并条;采用自调匀整并条可减少重量检测次数.     

毛用新型复配浆JM的研制与性能研究

因单经单纬毛纱强力低,织造中易断头且毛羽多影响生产,故毛纱上浆成为研究热点.通过分析不同种浆料的含固量、粘度、失水率、退浆率、减少毛羽程度、断裂强度、断裂延伸度指标,指出这些单一浆料不能完全满足毛纱上浆的要求.选出3种浆料复配,经实验与分析,确定最优复配比,研制出新型毛用复配浆JM.     

Elastic Recovery and Performance of Denim Fabric Prepared by Cotton/Lycra Core Spun Yarns

ABSTRACT

Elastic performance coefficient (EPC) and recovery behavior of denim fabrics prepared with cotton/lycra core spun stretch yarns have been presented in this article. The denim fabrics are woven as broken twill weaves in an air-jet weaving machine by the insertion of core spun yarns (lycra filament in core, cotton fiber on sheath) as weft and using 100% cotton yarns as warp. The effect of linear density and stretch percentage of the core spun weft yarns on tensile and recovery behavior of denim fabric have been investigated by employing full factorial design of experiments. It has been observed that the tensile strength and EPC of fabric increase with decrease in linear density and stretch percentage of the core spun stretch yarn. The immediate elastic recovery and delayed elastic recovery increase with decrease in linear density and stretch percentage of the yarns.     

优选梳棉针布优化工艺减少棉结(上)

为了减少并条后的棉结以提高棉条质量,从牵伸工艺不符合纤维弯钩伸直理论、生条中纤维分离度和平行伸直度差、生条中短绒高等方面,分析了并条后棉结增加的主要因为.通过大量试验分析,提出有效降低并条后棉结增加的措施:普梳头并、精梳预并、普梳粗纱牵伸工艺应符合前弯钩纤维伸直理论;普梳二并、精梳卷或条并卷、普梳细纱牵伸工艺应符合后弯...     

拼纱根数对空气层组织织物拉伸性能的影响

为开发增强作用更好的纬编空气层针织复合材料,在相同编织原料及编织工艺的情况下,用龙星电脑横机编织拼纱根数不同的纬编空气层组织织物,分别对织物的横向和纵向进行拉伸测试,并应用Origin软件对数据进行拟合分析,同时对织物中纱线承载能力进行分析。结果表明,在同等条件下,作为复合材料增强体的空气层组织织物在满足横纵向的弹性及应力最佳时,应选择在横纵向的弹性交叉点及应力交叉点附近的根数较为适宜;空气层组织织物中横向纱线拉伸强力的贡献率远高于纵向纱线的钩结强力;可以通过控制拼纱根数获取弹性及应力最佳的空气层组织增强体。     

芳纶/不锈钢长丝包芯纱织物的制备及其防刺性能

为开发低成本的柔性可穿戴防刺材料,选用线密度为48.2tex的高性能芳纶1414短纤纱线和直径为0.06 mm的304不锈钢长丝,采用包芯纱工艺纺制芳纶/不锈钢长丝包芯、纱,优化纺纱工艺参数,得出最佳纱线包绕数,并用该纱线制备出具有防刺性能的织物。对纱线的力学性能和织物防刺性能进行测试,改变织物叠层数,探讨叠层数对织物防刺性能的影响。研究结果表明:当纱线的包缠捻度为200捻/m左右时,纱线的断裂强度为77.99 c N/tex,有害毛羽指数为90.42,可满足后续织物的织造;平纹织物的刀刺和锥刺性能与织物叠层数呈正相关线性关系。锥刺和刀刺的刺入原理不同,锥刺的破环机制是纱线滑移,刀刺的破坏机制是纱线切割断裂。     

Investigation of the concurrent sliver-opening mechanism and unveiling features of the new dual-feed rotor spinning concept

To examine the effectiveness of the new dual-feed rotor spinning system, we performed a set of experiments to assess the influence of the opening roller type, sliver feed method, and direction of fiber feeding into the rotor on the quality of a polyester/cotton blend yarn. Six yarn samples of 58tex consisting of 55/45 polyester/cotton were prepared in this study. Their respective properties, such as tenacity, elongation at break, mass irregularity, hairiness, thick (+35%) and thin (?30%) places were tested and statistically analyzed using Minitab. ANOVA analysis showed that the tested yarn quality properties were statistically significant among groups except for thick places (+35%). Tukey’s post hoc test based on the honest significant difference was performed to determine the implication of results within groups at the value of α?=?0.05. The dual-feed blend yarn (PCLR) spun with opening roller type OK37 on the left and OK40 on the right exhibited superior yarn quality characteristics compared to other samples. Dually carded slivers yielded better yarn quality compared to simultaneously carded ones. The combing direction did not produce a clear trend on the quality of yarns. The study provides important insights into the potential of the dual-feed rotor spinning concept.     

纬纱与气流粘附性测试方法的评价

喷气引纬需要大量的压缩空气，所需的压缩空气量取决于织机的参数设置和纬纱的规格。通过确定不同纱线在恒定气流中的速度或气流指数，就有可能更加精确地设置织机参数。本文将研究不同纱线在气流中的速度，并将这些结果与不同的纱线性能及喷气织机参数作对比。同时，设计了不同的测试方法来比较这些参数，并研究了纬纱气流指数与织机参数之间的相互关系。结果表明，随着织机参数设置精确性的提高，所需的压缩空气量减少。比较性的测试在其他研究中进行。     

Effects of fiber types and blend ratios on Murata Vortex yarn properties

Murata Vortex spinning (MVS) system is one of the unconventional systems for yarn manufacturing. It is suitable for spinning of 100% cotton fibers, synthetic fibers, and cotton/synthetic fiber blends which are 1 inch or more in length. The production ranges are between Ne 15-60. Vortex yarn and fabrics have low hairiness, clear appearance, high resistance to pilling and abrasion. In this study, the vortex yarns with Ne 30 are produced in different blend ratios in Murata Vortex Spinner using carded cotton, viscose, modal, silver-added polyester (Flexsil-D2?), polyester, and nylon 6.6 fibers. Vortex spun yarns are tested to determine the yarn properties which are diameter, density, roundness (shape), unevenness, imperfection, Uster hairiness (H), Zweigle hairiness, tenacity, and elongation. The study reveals that the fiber type has quite significant effects on yarn properties. In terms of structural properties, cotton is the most negative fiber while regenerated cellulosic fibers are the most positive. As modal, nylon and polyester fiber increase yarn strength, nylon and viscose fiber increase breaking elongation. Viscose and modal reduce unevenness, imperfection and hairiness while polyester and nylon exhibit more negative effect on these properties.     

玻璃纤维经编成圈编织性能

针对玻璃纤维纱线在经编成圈编织时易受损、不易形成织物的现象,通过对不同生产机型、不同规格纱线的编织试验,探讨了经编成圈机构、送经机构和牵拉机构、纱线捻度、捻向及玻纤浸润剂类型等因素对玻璃纤维编织性能的影响,分析了玻纤纱因捻度和捻向造成的织物单边烂边问题,阐述了玻璃纤维在经编机上生产的关键技术,总结出淀粉型玻璃纤维纱线在复合针特里科经编机上采用积极送经方式可以正常成圈编织成玻纤布。     

锦纶/塑料光纤包覆纱的纺制及性能分析

为改善塑料光纤易从织物中滑脱的问题,以27.8 tex塑料光纤作为芯丝、不同线密度的锦纶丝作为外包丝,制备4种锦纶/塑料光纤包覆纱,分析锦纶/塑料光纤包覆纱的拉伸性能、耐磨性能及透光性能。结果表明:包覆工艺未对塑料光纤表面造成影响;随着外包锦纶丝线密度的增加,锦纶/塑料光纤包覆纱的断裂强力逐渐增大,断裂伸长率基本稳定在26.26%~31.72%。锦纶(15.6 tex)/塑料光纤包覆纱的拉伸性能和耐磨性能最好。锦纶/塑料光纤包覆纱的透明度随外包锦纶丝线密度的增加而增加,锦纶(4.4 tex)/塑料光纤包覆纱的透光性能最好。     

压力棒隔距块在棉纺中的应用

为了探讨在棉纺生产中压力棒隔距块对成纱质量的影响,分析了压力棒隔距块的原理,并在FA506型环锭细纱机上加装不同型号的压力棒隔距块分别纺制出CJ9.7 tex、CJ7.3 tex纱线,测试纱线的毛羽、强力、条干等各项指标并进行对比分析。结果表明,在棉纺中使用压力棒隔距块后,成纱条干有所改善,成纱强力变化不大,成纱毛羽的变化也不明显。     

静态张力作用下多层经纱的悬垂特征

针对多层织物织造时经纱易开口不清的问题,提出一种预估经纱下垂特征的分析模型,为表征经纱的悬垂特征提供理论参考。通过采用芳纶、碳纤维和玻璃纤维这些不同原料的纱线,以及采用不同线密度的碳纤维纱线进行了实验分析,以证实其与理论模型的相符程度。分析实验结果表明,当描述线密度较小的纱线在静态时的悬垂程度时,此经纱悬垂理论模型较为准确。然而,对于较粗的经纱,此模型还需要作进一步修正。在进行多层织造时,此研究结果可为模拟不同品种的纱线静态情况下的悬垂形态提供一定的理论参考。     

染整加工对喷气涡流纺棉纱强力的影响

为提高喷气涡流纺棉纱的强力,增加其在色织工艺中可织造性,研究了染整加工对其强力的影响。结果表明：对喷气涡流纺棉纱分别进行碱氧练漂一浴法与酶氧练漂一浴法前处理,当烧碱和酶质量浓度分别为5、10 g/L 时纱线强力提高率最大,分别为9.0%与13.7%;选择X型、KN型、K型与B型4种活性染料分别对练漂后纱线进行染色,染色纱线强力比练漂纱线有不同程度的提高,其中B型活性染料对纱线强力的提高率最大;B型活性染料质量分数为2%（o.w.f）时,分别对碱氧练漂纱与酶氧练漂纱进行染色,原纱的强力提高率分别为15.9%和24.5%。从数据分析,适当的染整加工能够提高纱线的强力。     

粗纱机半封闭锭翼提高纺纱质量的实践

论述了半封闭锭翼与全封闭锭翼在同等条件下的长期对比试验结果，不同季节、不同品种精梳和普梳纱条件下，全封闭锭翼产生的纱疵和毛羽各不相同，而半封闭锭翼则有效解决了普梳纱纱疵问题和精梳纱毛羽问题。