银纳米线改性棉织物的制备及其性能

为提高棉织物附加值并改善其对改性成分的吸附性,首先利用高碘酸钠氧化处理以增加棉纤维的粘结性,然后采用一步多元醇还原法,在160℃条件下制备银纳米线(AgNWs)并分散到无水乙醇中,以棉织物为基底,采用浸渍—烘干法将AgNWs整理到棉织物表面。对AgNWs的形貌、长度、直径及结晶结构进行了测试与表征,并分析了整理后棉织物的防紫外线性能、导电性和耐洗性能。结果表明:随着AgNWs质量浓度的增加,棉织物的导电性能提高了80%以上;当AgNWs质量浓度为10g/L时,紫外线防护系数(UPF值)可达55,紫外线透过率可降至2.5%以下;氧化处理使改性棉织物的耐洗性能提高了20%,经氧化处理的改性棉织物经3次洗涤后UPF值仍可达46.51;该柔性导电棉织物可应用于柔性电子纺织品和抗紫外线产品中。     

棉织物纳米TiO_2抗紫外线整理

针对纺织品整理时直接使用纳米粒子存在易团聚、分散较困难的问题,采用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米TiO2溶胶,再将其制成织物整理剂。用整理剂对棉织物进行整理(浸轧法),用XRD、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪对制得的TiO2及整理前后的织物进行表征,并测试整理后织物的抗紫外线性能及其他服用性能。结果表明:制得的TiO2为锐钛矿晶型;整理后的棉织物具有优异的抗UV性能;UPF值达到50+级别。标准水洗(皂洗)实验结果显示,50次洗涤后织物的UPF值稍有下降,但仍可保持在50+水平。整理后棉织物的断裂强力没有下降,透气性基本不受影响。     

Biopolishing and cyclodextrin derivative grafting on cellulosic fabric for incorporation of antibacterial agent thymol

Antibacterial textiles were developed and replenished with innovative technologies for durable activity of the antibacterial agent. Inclusion complex formation property of cyclodextrin and their derivatives were utilized for better durability of antibacterial, insect repellent and cosmetic textiles. In this work cellulase treatment process was performed on organic cotton to improve the grafting yield of the cyclodextrin derivative monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD). Thymol, an antibacterial compound was incorporated into MCT-β-CD grafted organic cotton to bring enhanced antibacterial property with improved durability. UV–visible and Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the incorporation of thymol into cyclodextrin. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the morphological and structural changes occurred on the fabric. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis (HPLC) quantified the thymol content on the fabric. Agar diffusion test was performed on fabrics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and their durability to washing cycles was also investigated. Biopolishing, a cellulase enzyme treatment has remarkably raised the grafting yield of MCT-β-CD on fabric. The inclusion of thymol on biopolished MCT-β-CD grafted fabric facilitated durability to the antibacterial property of fabric upon repeated washing process.     

锐钛矿型纳米TiO_2在棉织物上的原位生长及其抗紫外线性能

室温条件下白色棉府绸织物二浸二轧自制的TiO2-SiO2复合溶胶,于98~100℃水热处理20 min后晾干。织物的紫外线透过率和UPF测定结果显示,复合溶胶整理后棉织物的紫外线防护性能大大提高。采用SEM、AFM和XRD对整理后棉织物进行表征发现织物上有锐钛矿型纳米TiO2生成,其粒径为30 nm左右。标准水洗实验证明,棉织物上原位生长的锐钛矿型纳米TiO2与织物结合牢固,10次水洗后织物的抗紫外线性能没有下降,反而有所提高。     

硼氮掺杂碳点对棉织物防紫外线性能的影响

为提高棉织物的防紫外线能力,以柠檬酸、乙二胺和硼砂为原料,采用一步水热法合成了硼氮掺杂碳点(BN-CDs), 将BN-CDs水溶液、BN-CDs/聚乙烯醇共混水溶液和BN-CDs/水性聚氨酯共混水溶液分别喷涂于棉织物表面,再对棉织物进行碾压干燥处理,测试了织物的紫外线防护系数及其耐水洗性能等。结果表明:所制备的BN-CDs表面上含有丰富羟基和胺基的石墨状纳米晶体,兼具良好水溶性;在紫外区具有强吸收峰,在紫外光激发下可以发出蓝色荧光,且荧光发射波长不依赖于激发波长;整理后的棉织物均表现出极高的紫外线防护系数(UPF); 经BN-CDs/水性聚氨酯整理后的棉织物效果最佳,水洗10次后UPF值仍保持在48左右,达到较高的保护级别,且棉织物表面形态基本不变,手感良好,可满足棉织物紫外线防护要求。     

A novel treatment for multifunctional finishing and reactive dyeing of polyamide‐6–cotton blend

A new approach to simultaneous functional finishing and reactive dyeing of polyamide‐6–cotton fabric (50/50) is developed. The extent of improvement in the functional and dyeing properties is determined by the UV‐absorber, UV‐Sun® CEL, concentration, type and concentration of the used reactive dye as well as the treatment sequence. The UV‐protection and the antibacterial properties, against S. aureus (G+ve) and E. coli (G?ve) bacteria, of the simultaneously finished and dyed fabric samples are maintained even after 15 washing cycles. After 15 washing cycles, the depth of shades and the fastness properties of the obtained dyeings are not seriously affected. The incorporation of the used UV‐absorber onto the blend fibres was also confirmed by SEM analysis.     

β-环糊精预聚体与棉织物的接枝工艺

为了增加棉织物的功能性,用环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,在碱性介质中合成了水溶性的β-环糊精预聚体(β-CDP).以柠檬酸(CA)为交联剂,次亚磷酸钠(SHP)为催化剂,采用轧-烘-焙工艺将β-CDP接枝到棉织物上.研究CA、β-CDP及SHP的浓度、焙烘温度和时间等因素对织物性能的影响,确定了最佳接枝工艺:β-CDP质量浓度为...     

棉织物的Ag/TiO2复合溶胶抗菌整理

制备了含Ag／TiO2的复合溶胶，并将其用于纺织品的抗菌整理；探讨了表面活性剂浓度、电解质浓度、pH值和温度对溶胶粒径的影响，并用透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察胶粒的形态；测定了水洗10次后整理织物上的Ag和TiO2的含量、织物抗菌效率的变化及其它性能，并采用X射线衍射（XRD）观察TiO2的晶型及Ag的价态。结果表明，采用含Ag和TiO2的纳米溶胶对织物进行抗菌整理后，抗菌效率可达99．9％，织物的抗紫外性能也有所提高，耐洗性较好，且对白度、断裂强力等性能影响不大。     

纳米氧化锌在棉织物功能整理中的应用

研究了纳米氧化锌与水溶性聚氨酯配制的棉织物功能整理剂对棉织物的抗皱、抗紫外及抗菌作用。结果表明：以纳米氧化锌作为催化剂,水溶性聚氨酯整理后的棉织物回复角提高,抗皱性改善,且有较好的强力及白度保持率,整理后的棉织物具有一定的抗紫外和抗菌性。     

乌拉草纤维素纳米晶的制备及其对棉织物抗紫外线功能整理

为了增加棉织物的抗紫外线性能,将2,2,6,6—四甲基哌啶—1—氧自由基(TEMPO)氧化法制备的乌拉草纤维素纳米晶(CNC)与壳聚糖(CS)制成整理液,通过二浸二轧工艺制备CS/CNC功能整理棉织物。采用扫描电子显微镜SEM,透射电子显微镜TEM,红外光谱FTIR,X射线衍射XRD以及防晒指数分析仪测试了CNC和CS/CNC整理织物的形态和性能;探讨了CNC含量对棉织物的强力和抗紫外线性能的影响。结果显示:从乌拉草中提取的CNC,平均直径为33nm,平均长度为175 nm,晶型结构为纤维素I型。CNC的加入提高了纯棉织物的断裂强度,并可显著提高棉织物的抗紫外线性能。综合考虑CNC添加量对棉织物强度,抗紫外线性能及耐洗色牢度的影响,得出CNC最佳添加量为质量分数5%,相应整理棉织物的断裂强度和抗紫外线性能分别为纯棉织物的1.27和4.99倍,30次水洗后的UPF值为57.31,仍然具有较好的抗紫外线防护效果。     

Nano-TiO2/maleic acid/triethanol amine/sodium hypophosphite colloid on cotton to produce cross-linking and self-cleaning properties

Application of a colloid of nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂), maleic acid (MA), sodium hypophosphite (SHP), and triethanol amine on cotton fabrics through pad–dry–cure process was investigated to produce a cross-link cotton fabric with self-cleaning properties without yellowing. The central composite design was used for variables based on Design of Expert software. The degradation of methylene blue on the surfaces of treated fabrics was monitored to investigate the self-cleaning property. Also the crease recovery angles (CRA) of the fabrics was studied to investigate cross-linking of cotton fabric. Moreover, the surfaces of the treated cotton fabrics were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimum treatment conditions to obtain cross-linking and self-cleaning properties on the cotton fabric were introduced. Increasing concentrations of MA to 20% increased the fabric CRA due to cross-linking of cellulose in the presence of MA and SHP. The treated fabrics have good self-cleaning performance with desirable durability against repeated washings. The SEM pictures also confirmed the immobilization of the nano-TiO₂ particles on the fabric surface that remain after 10 washing cycles.     

Wrinkle-free finishing of cotton fabrics based on click chemistry via ultraviolet radiation

In this paper, a novel method was proposed to achieve anti-wrinkle finishing of cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics were pre-treated to terminate –OH groups and reduce the amount of –OH groups by the reaction between the –OC₂H₅ groups of 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane and –OH groups of cotton fabrics. Then anti-wrinkle finishing of cotton fabric was obtained with waterborne polyurethane acrylate under ultraviolet radiation (UV) where click reaction between –SH groups and C=C bonds was taken place. The surface morphology, reaction and mechanical properties of cotton fabrics were investigated. The results show that the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of cotton fabrics reaches 205°, and the WRA can maintain 190° after 10 washing cycles, revealing that the anti-wrinkle finishing on cotton fabrics has durable effect. Furthermore, the anti-wrinkle finishing cotton fabrics maintain good mechanical properties like breaking strength.     

棉织物的反应性二苯甲酮紫外线吸收剂/液体石蜡整理

利用反应性二苯甲酮紫外线吸收剂UV-1/液体石蜡对棉织物进行抗紫外线整理,以整理后织物的均匀性和UPF值为评价指标,对织物带液率、Na_2CO_3质量浓度、整理温度及时间等因素进行优选,得到的优化工艺为:棉织物以120%带液率浸轧40 g/L Na_2CO_3溶液,先在30℃下处理40 min后升温至70℃并保温40 min。与水浴整理相比,UV-1/液体石蜡整理工艺具有更高的UPF值,且具有优良的耐水洗牢度。     

Ultraviolet radiation protection by cotton fabrics: role of porous yarn structure,fabric thickness and pore size

The effect of porous yarn structure on ultraviolet (UV) radiation protection by cotton fabric has been investigated. Fabrics with porous yarn structure showed higher ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) in comparison with that of fabrics woven from equivalent normal yarns. Fabric samples having different thickness and individual pore size, at same cover %, were produced by adjusting yarn count and thread density. UPF of UV absorber treated cotton fabrics increased continuously with decreasing thickness and reducing individual pore size when the fabric cover was kept constant at relatively higher levels (93 and 96%). For UV absorber treated cotton fabrics, individual pore size is the dominating factor for determining the UPF.     

新型无甲醛防皱整理剂BTP400在棉织物上的应用

为提升无甲醛防皱整理棉织物的品质,以自制含双二氯均三嗪基团的无甲醛防皱整理剂BTP400浸渍整理织物,探究BTP400与织物的结合方式,研究了影响BTP400固着棉织物效率的因素,并考察了固着的BTP400质量分数与织物防皱性能间的关系。优化得到的防皱整理工艺条件：BTP400、碳酸钠和硫酸钠3种助剂的质量浓度分别为10、8、5 g／L,浸渍温度为50℃,浸渍时间为50min。结果表明：BTP400以共价键与织物连接,最高固着率为42.7％;随固着的BTP400 质量分数的增高,织物干、湿态折皱回复角增大,最大值分别提高47.1％ 和19.3％;整理棉织物外观平整度等级为3级,耐水洗性良好,且强力及白度与原织物持平;BTP400防皱整理织物的综合品质优于丁烷四羧酸和醚化2D树脂整理织物。     

纳米材料在棉制品上的固着技术

研究了功能性纳米材料在棉制品上施加和固着的方法,通过测试试样的抗紫外线功能及其耐久性,讨论了加固剂法各工艺参数对整理效果的影响,优选了最佳工艺。结果表明,3#加固剂具有优良的加固作用,应用优选的工艺条件,可使整理后棉织物的UPF值达到澳大利亚/新西兰标准的“excellent”(极好)级,皂洗20次后的UPF值仍可达“very good”(很好)级;整理后织物对金色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达100%,皂洗20次后抑菌率仍保持在98%。     

Simultaneous dyeing and functional finishing of cotton fabric using reactive dyes doped with TiO2 nano-sol

A new approach for simultaneous salt-free dyeing and functional finishing, i.e. UV protection and antibacterial properties of cotton fabric were studied. In this study, cotton fabric was cationized with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride. Two types of reactive dyes (CI Reactive red 120 and CI Reactive yellow 145) were doped with different amounts (0.035, 0.053, and 0.07 mol) of TiO₂ nano-sol by sol–gel method and applied on cationized cotton fabric using pad–dry–steam method without the addition of salt. The chemical and morphological structures of the dyed fabrics were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. Different properties were investigated such as color strength, fixation, fastness properties (washing, rubbing, and light), UV blocking, antibacterial activity, and tensile strength. Samples dyed with titanium dyeing solutions exhibited better antibacterial efficacy and durable UV protection, with minimal impact on color depth and tensile strength compared with the samples dyed with commercial reactive dyes.     

Polyfunctional cotton cellulose fabric using proper biopolymers and active ingredients

Abstract

Smart finishing options have been developed to provide different end-use-functions namely anti-bacterial, UV-protection and stiffness properties to cotton fabrics. These options include treating the cotton fabric with an eco-friendly ester-crosslinking agent, citric acid (CA), proper esterifying catalyst, sodium hypophosphite (SHP), selected biopolymers, as stiffening/binding agents, namely carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), alginate, and polyacrylate, along with active ingredients namely chitosan biopoymer, Quat 188, Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs using the pad-dry-thermofixation technique. The obtained results show that loading and binding of the nominated active ingredients onto/within the coated fabrics brings about a remarkable improvement in the targeted functional properties and the change in the imparted functional properties is governed by type of functional agent, kind of stiffening/binding agent, finishing regime as well as the extent of interaction and immobilization of active ingredients during the thermofixation step. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray spectroscopy analysis of selected samples confirmed chemical modification, change in surface morphology, and deposition of surface coats as well as fixation of active ingredients elements, respectively, onto the obtained poly-functional fabric samples. Moreover, the results show a noticeable laundering durability even after 15 washing cycles.     

新型磷酸酯阻燃剂的合成及其无甲醛耐久整理

采用酯交换法,以亚磷酸三苯酯和季戊四醇为原料,合成了新型阻燃整理剂季戊四醇亚磷酸酯。以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)为交联剂,对纤维素类织物进行阻燃整理。采用红外光谱分析阻燃剂及阻燃棉织物的化学结构。采用垂直燃烧仪和极限氧指数仪测试阻燃织物的燃烧性能。结果表明:该阻燃剂可通过交联剂与纤维素发生反应;阻燃棉织物经12次水洗后,极限氧指数仍可达到27.8%,具有良好的无甲醛耐久阻燃性能。     

Comparative analysis of in vitro ultraviolet radiation protection of fabrics woven from cotton and bamboo viscose yarns

Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of fabrics made of 100% cotton and 100% bamboo viscose yarns were studied and a comparative analysis carried out using curve fitting technique. Bamboo viscose fabrics showed higher shrinkage, cover percentage, areal density and UPF compared to its cotton counterpart woven with identical yarn counts and fabric sett. However, the predictive model of cotton fabric UPF using fabric areal density as the input was able to estimate the UPF of bamboo viscose fabrics with very good accuracy. Furthermore, the 100% cotton and 100% bamboo viscose fabrics showed the same UPF if their cover percentage and areal density is similar. It is inferred from the analysis that the apparently higher UPF of bamboo viscose fabrics can be attributed to their higher cover percentage and areal density instead of bamboo’s inherent UV protective property which has been claimed in various literatures.