Presentation of textile pneumatic muscle prototypes applied in an upper limb active suit experimental model

This paper presents some prototypes of textile pneumatic muscles developed at the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS) of the Politecnico di Torino. As an application, they are intended to be included in an ‘active suit’ useful for upper limb rehabilitation. They were realized with textile and soft materials in order to guarantee suitable wearability, confort, low weight, small dimensions as required to actuators used in active suits. This paper illustrated the experimental tests carried on these pneumatic muscles prototypes, a theoretical model from literature here applied to these muscles in order to calculate their stiffness, a preliminary active suit prototype for upper limbs rehabilitation purpose. The results obtained, both in terms of contraction and force developed with these prototypes, are highly satisfactory and the preliminary prototype of active suit realized for upper limbs works properly.     

Design and development of innovative textile pneumatic muscles

In recent years, the use of pneumatics in innovative actuation systems has led to the development, testing and first applications of nonconventional actuators such as pneumatic muscles. Like human muscles, pneumatic muscles can exert only traction forces, and offer a good power-to-weight ratio. The paper will present an investigation of new pneumatic muscles with a fabric structure. Lightweight, robust and efficient, these muscles can be used in a wide range of fields, from biomedical to industrial applications.     

Comparison of assembly techniques for textiles used in pneumatic devices

The paper presents an original study of several assembly techniques for textiles. The aim of the investigation is to develop a reliable technology which can be readily adapted to the industrial production of pneumatic muscles and active clothing. The research was carried on by means of several experimental tests using various assembly techniques. The woven choice is linked to the future purposes involved in this study. Results obtained are interesting and useful for various kinds of pneumatic systems.     

芦荟在纺织印染领域的应用研究进展

综述了芦荟的常见分类,介绍了芦荟在不同领域的应用价值,对芦荟在纺织印染领域的应用进行深入总结,并对芦荟今后在纺织印染领域的发展进行了展望.随着高新技术的引入和印染加工技术的革新,芦荟拥有的多种生物活性和优良的服用性能,将在纺织印染领域得到更广泛的应用.     

浅议现代西服和传统西服的工艺差异

西服在男士服饰中形制保持最久,各类古今西服都是时代发展的产物,综观目前国内外西服的制作,人们不再仅仅满足于服装款式、色彩的变化,对服装工艺也提出了更高的要求。因此探讨现代西服和传统西服的差异具有重要的现实意义。     

化学防护服内湿度调节装置的设计与性能评价

化学防护服通过隔绝人体与外界环境提供防护,但其特殊的面料结构往往导致作业者在穿着时面临较差的热湿舒适性。针对防化服热湿舒适性较差的问题,基于干湿气体交换原理,设计并开发一种外置式湿度调节装置。采用人体穿着试验开展该湿度调节装置在改善防化服热湿舒适性方面的评价研究,对比分析受试者穿着配备外置式湿度调节装置的试验防化服与对照防化服的衣下空气层温湿度、人体皮肤温度和主观感觉参数,从客观和主观2个方面评价配备该湿度调节装置的防化服在热湿舒适性方面的表现。试验结果表明,配备湿度调节装置的试验防化服能够在不同阶段有效降低衣下空气层相对湿度20%~40%,整体相对湿度能够维持在70%左右。主观评价试验中,穿着试验防化服的受试者反馈其整体湿感觉显著降低。此外,试验防化服对衣下空气层温度及皮肤温度亦具有一定的降低作用,主观评价显示其在调节人体的整体冷热感觉方面表现良好。     

充气调温抗浸服的研制与保暖性评价

为满足海上作业人员在不同作业环境中对服装保暖性的需求,研制了一种保暖层为气凝胶材料的充气调温抗浸服。采用“Newton”出汗暖体假人测试了在不同保暖材料(气凝胶、丝绵)、压力状态(无压、低压、高压)和充气量(未充气、1/3充气量、2/3充气量、充满气)下的抗浸服总热阻和局部热阻。结果表明：无压条件下,充气调温抗浸服(未充气)的热阻显著高于丝绵抗浸服;随着压力的增大,抗浸服的总热阻和局部热阻均降低,但2件抗浸服的保暖性无显著差异;在施压条件下,充气调温抗浸服随着充气量的增加,服装总热阻显著高于未充气状态的热阻。因此,所制备充气调温抗浸服可动态调节服装的保暖性能。     

Development of QuEChERS-based extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying flumethasone residues in beef muscle

A rapid, specific, and sensitive method based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was developed and validated to quantify flumethasone residues in beef muscle. Methods were compared between the original as well as the EN quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based extraction. Good linearity was achieved at concentration levels of 5-30μg/kg. Estimated recovery rates at spiking levels of 5 and 10μg/kg ranged from 72.1 to 84.6%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs)<7%. The results of the inter-day study, which was performed by fortifying beef muscle samples (n=18) on 3 separate days, showed an accuracy of 93.4-94.4%. The precision (expressed as relative standard deviation values) for the inter-day variation at two levels of fortification (10 and 20μg/kg) was 1.9-5.2%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 1.7 and 5μg/kg, at signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of 3 and 10, respectively. The method was successfully applied to analyze real samples obtained from large markets throughout the Korean Peninsula. The method proved to be sensitive and reliable and, thus, rendered an appropriate means for residue analysis studies.     

负离子功能纺织品

文章综合介绍了负离子功能纺织品具有的持续释放负离子、远红外线辐射、抗菌抑菌、除臭祛异味等有益于人体健康的多项功能,说明了各项功能的作用机理及对人体健康产生的效应.概括了国外负离子功能纺织品的发展状况和我国的现状,介绍了我国目前已有的负离子纺织品制造技术和负离子纺织添加剂各项技术检测指标,为纺织行业推广应用负离子纺织环保健康新产品提供了基础,展望了负离子功能纺织品在我国纺织行业中的作用.     

层压织物在潜水服上的应用

针对传统潜水服材料双面黏结尼龙织物的闭孔泡沫氯丁橡胶海绵的不足,结合国外将层压织物用于潜水服材料的现状,提出了将传统潜水服材料革新为层压织物的设想,并阐述了层压织物用于制作潜水服的优点。     

特种服装——宇航服

简单介绍宇航服的结构及功能     

Degradation of inosine-5′-monophosphate (IMP) in aqueous and in layering chicken muscle fibre systems: Effect of pH and temperature

Studies were carried out to assess the effect of pH and temperature on the degradation of major meat flavour precursor inosine mono-phosphate (IMP) in model systems. Breast and leg muscles from Indian domesticated layer chicken (Gallus gallus) were washed repeatedly with 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 6 to obtain pigment-free muscle fibres. Degradation of IMP in water and in muscle fibre-IMP systems were studied at 80, 100, and 120 °C under three pH (2, 7 and 11) conditions. The pH of muscle fibres was 6.2-6.4. The IMP content (mg/100 g) of fresh breast muscle (188.5) and its fibre (7.9) were higher (P?0.05) than fresh leg muscle (135.2) and its fibre (1.9). Inosine and hypoxanthine contents were also higher in breast than in leg muscles and their fibres. Degradation of IMP in both model systems was significantly influenced by pH and thermal treatment. In water systems, the degradation of IMP increased with temperature. Acidic pH caused greater degree of degradation than neutral or alkaline pH.     

主要纺织国家纺织服装业发展浅析

介绍了我国及其他纺织国家纺织服装业的发展概况．分析了三种典型的纺织服装业类型,指出了我国纺织服装工业与发达国家和地区的差距。     

新型生态纺织纤维

介绍了天然彩色棉纤维、甲壳素类纤维、大豆蛋白纤维、玉米纤维和牛奶酪蛋白纤维等新型生态纺织纤维的主要性能和应用状况.由于这些纤维在纺制和生产加工过程中对环境无污染,且废弃后在环境中能自然降解,符合环境保护的要求和新世纪环保纺织品的发展趋向,其开发和应用的前景良好.     

新型纺织材料Corterra

对新型纺织材料Corterra的特点、编织、染色性能、后整理等方面作了介绍。     

大力推进我国纺织技术现代化

文章从宏观角度分析了我国纺织工业的现状,并根据国际纺织技术的发展趋向,为大力推进我国纺织技术的现代化指出了发展的目标和重点。     

Advanced technical textile products

This article is situated to be successive to “Fibre materials for advanced technical textiles” in the series of “Advanced technical textiles” of Textile Progress. In the previous article, fiber materials used for advanced technical textiles are introduced. In this article, advanced technical textiles products are described according to the application fields of the fiber materials. Although this article does not cover all the end-uses, it contains major parts of advanced technical textile products, which include products for resources and environmental issues, for automobiles, for medical uses, for protective uses, for information technologies, for civil engineering and for electronics textiles.     

Post-mortem changes in myofibrillar proteins of breast and leg muscles from broilers,spent hens and Taiwanese Country Chickens

Post mortem ageing at 4°C was studied in the breast and leg muscles from broilers, White Leghorn spent hens and Taiwanese Country Chickens (TCC). Purified myofibrils were prepared from muscles after 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of post mortem storage at 4°C. SDS-PAGE was used to examine the changes in myofibrillar proteins of the muscles. Results showed that 30 kDa components appealed earlier in the breast muscles than in the leg muscles and in the order: broiler, TCC, and spent hen. The intensity of 30 kDa band increased with post mortem time. In the breast muscles, a decrease in the intensity of the α-actinin band could be observed at 1 day post mortem in broilers and TCC and at 3 days post mortem in spent hens. This decrease, however, could not be found in the leg samples until 5 or 7 day post mortem. Titin 1 band disappeared within 3 day post mortem in the breast samples but within 5 days in the leg samples. Similar results could be observed in the degradation of nebulin although traces of nebulin remained in the teg muscles of TCC after 7 days post mortem.     

对抗微重力环境下肌肉骨骼废用性病变的压力服装研究进展

针对航天员在微重力环境下的肌肉骨骼去重力性适应问题,以人体生物力学与服装功效学为研究背景,介绍了对抗微重力环境的压力服装的研究现状,分析了空间站现用压力服装和文献报道中的原型服装的对抗机制和结构功效特点,总结并完善现有评价方法。研究认为：该类压力服装存在重力加载量不足、性能测试单一的问题,应深入优化纺织成形工艺,探究服装力学性能与人体所需载荷的关系,结合多学科技术,全面评价服装加载功能性、穿着舒适性和人体生理适应性;研发持久稳定、透湿舒适的新型材料,提高评价方法的智能化和准确性以及将该航空压力服装技术转化为卧床患者康复措施是未来的发展方向。     

新颖柔性关节及其抓持机械手的结构

本文提出两类基于弹性波壳伸缩驱动的柔性关节,介绍了以螺旋弹簧、板弹簧为骨架,以波壳弹性体受气压后轴向膨胀作为肌肉动力的关节结构和工作原理,并简要说明了由这类柔性关节构成的机器人抓持器。关节的弯曲角度、抓持器的抓持力与弹性体内腔的流体压力有关,此原创性关节和抓持器具有缓冲性好、抓持力大的特点。