镀银纱线电热针织物的开发及性能评价

为开发保暖服用电加热针织物,使用镀银纱线织造了6款不同组织、不同镀银纱线含量的加热织物。基于电加热模块及红外线温度采集系统,对6款织物进行了电热性能实验,选取其中热稳定性最好、产热量最多的一款织物进行服装模拟发热实验。实验结果显示：常温下,双罗纹组织织物的电阻值比纬平针组织低,且电阻热稳定性更好;镀银纱线含量越高电阻值越低;通电时双罗纹组织织物表面温度分布更均匀且其中镀银长丝和涤纶短纤喂入比为3：7的试样升温最明显,在6V 电压下,以该试样为发热元件的服装面料系统表面可获得35℃的加热温度,足以起到发热保暖效果且能保证人体热舒适性。     

废旧聚酯纤维制品近红外定量分析模型的建立及验证

为解决废旧纺织品回收利用中纯聚酯的分拣问题,以聚酯、棉、锦纶、羊毛、聚酯/ 棉混纺、聚酯/ 锦纶混纺、聚酯/ 羊毛混纺织物共计276 个样品为研究对象,利用近红外光谱仪获取样本的原始近红外光谱图,通过化学计量学软件CM-2000 对样本原始近红外光谱图进行预处理,并用偏最小二乘法作为校正方法建立废旧聚酯纤维制品近红外定量分析模型。所建模型的校正集相关系数为0.994,验证集相关系数为0.989,校正标准偏差为1.832,验证标准偏差为2.065,内部预测正确率为90.58%。用未参与建模的173 个样本（7 种织物）对模型进行外部验证,验证正确率为88.44%,而对纯聚酯样本的外部预测正确率可达96%。结果表明,该模型可以较准确地将纯聚酯织物从废旧纺织品中鉴别出来。     

内核密度分布与自举法对纺织品镉含量代表值估计

测定了国产织物样品中的镉含量,对镉含量基础统计学特征进行了描述,采用内核密度分布估计对镉含量数据的多态性进行分析,根据非正态分布的特点,使用Bootstrap法对样本值模拟重复取样,以多次Bootstrap模拟取样的均值与标准偏差作为被考察样品有限单次样本代表值及标准偏差的稳健估计。实践证明:该方法得到的均值与标准偏差作为有限单次样本代表值是合理、有效的,该研究为纺织品禁限用物质的风险评估中禁限用物质含量的表述提供了一种新方法。     

欧盟纺织产业链上的绿色循环及废旧纺织品处理关键问题

"碳中和"愿景下纺织行业的碳排放与绿色可持续发展间的矛盾日益凸显,纺织行业降污减碳不能只关注末端废旧纺织品处理,应该从产业链上降低对环境的消极影响.欧盟在实现纺织产业低碳循环发展和应对废旧纺织品上采取了一系列实践措施,从欧盟纺织产业现状和挑战、纺织产业链上的绿色低碳措施、废旧纺织品的处理及关键问题3个方面介绍了欧盟纺织...     

Nanotechnology – a new route to high-performance functional textiles

The use of nanomaterials- and nanotechnology-based processes is growing at a tremendous rate in all fields of science and technology. Textile industry is also experiencing the benefits of nanotechnology in its diverse field of applications. Textile-based nanoproducts starting from nanocomposite fibers, nanofibers to intelligent high-performance polymeric nanocoatings are getting their way not only in high performance advanced applications but nanoparticles are also successfully being used in conventional textiles to impart new functionality and improved performance. Greater repeatability, reliability and robustness are the main advantages of nanotechnological advancements in textiles. Nanoparticle application during conventional textile processing techniques, such as finishing, coating and dyeing, enhances the product performance manifold and imparts hitherto unachieved functionality. New coating techniques like sol-gel, layer-by-layer, plasma polymerization etc. can develop multi-functionality, intelligence, excellent durability and weather resistance to fabrics. The present paper focuses on the development and potential applications of nanotechnology in developing multifunctional and smart nanocomposite fibers, nanofibers and other new finished and nanocoated textiles. The four main areas of textile chemical processing, namely nanofinishing, nanocoating, nanocomposite coating and nanodyeing, are covered in the first section of this paper and the second section deals with developments in nanocomposite fibers and nanofibers. The influence of nanomaterials in textile finishing and processing to enhance product performance is discussed. Nanocoating is a relatively new technique in the textile field and is currently under research and development. Polymeric nanocomposite coatings, where nanoparticles are dispersed in polymeric media and used for coating applications, are the most promising route to develop multifunctional and intelligent high-performance textiles. Not much research has been done on applying the concept of nanotechnology in dyeing of textiles except a few reports on dye particle size reduction, structural change in fibers or the surface etching of textiles to create nanostructured surfaces. The reduction in water consumption during nanotechnology applications in textile processing has the potential to control the effluent problems of a textile process house. The most researched area to produce multifunctional, smart fibers is the preparation of nanocomposite fibers where the exceptional properties of nanoparticles have been utilized to enhance and impart several functionalities on conventional textile grade fibers. Nanofibers are gaining popularity in some specialized technical applications such as filter fabric, antibacterial patches and chemical protective suits. Nanotechnological advances in these two areas of nanocomposite fibers and nanofibrous forms have also been reviewed.     

纺织品含水率测量方法研究进展

为有效解决纺织品在纺织印染过程中水分含量无法实时精确控制的问题,提升纺织产品综合性能,对现阶段纺织品生产及使用过程中因含水率过高、过低而引起的产品缺陷、设备磨损问题以及纺织品含水率研究背景和研究价值进行了介绍。阐述了纺织品含水率测量的7种方法,即烘箱法、电阻法、电容法、近红外光谱法、中子法、核磁共振法、微波法,分析了各个测量方法的特点、精度、适用范围以及最新进展,并对纺织品含水率研究成果进行了总结。结果表明,随着工艺要求、测量精度的不断提高,微波法由于其在线、实时、非接触、高精度测量等优点,逐渐成为纺织品含水率测量的主要测量方法。目前对于微波法测量的应用还处于起步阶段,测量时需标定每一种纺织品的含水率曲线,这就需要大量的实验样品以及数据库。但是纺织品的种类繁多、编织结构多样,很难做到对所有纺织品含水率曲线的标定,因此,应从纺织纤维的微观机理、混合物介电常数等方面去进一步研究,解决微波法的普遍适用性。     

纺织工业在扩展

综述纺织工业的扩展状况,一是生活用纺织品功能化,二是产业用纺织品蓬勃发展,三是纺织新材料层出不穷。     

Evolution in the surface modification of textiles: a review

The development of technical textiles allows the introduction of new, interesting and original multi-functionalities in textiles through development of the architecture of fibres, yarns and fabrics, their morphology and surface functionalization without altering their physico-chemical proprieties. This issue of Textile Progress reports different techniques used to impart new functionalities to the surfaces of textiles during the last decade. Following a short, context-setting historical introduction, the preparatory processes which need to be applied to textile matrices to make them clean and ready for functionalization are examined prior to a comprehensive review of techniques and research related to the development of functional textiles ranging from the more-traditional techniques through to more-recent developments. The challenge now is to bring new performance features to bear whilst maintaining environmental sustainability, chemical toxicological acceptability, high performance and cost effectiveness. In this context, the review reports on developments in the use of polymerization, nanotechnologies, plasma treatment, electrospinning, microencapsulation and sol gel techniques to impart novel properties to a textile surface such as water-repellent, flame-retardant and antibacterial properties.     

基于非参数法的织物中甲醛暴露点浓度控制上限的估计

针对参数法计算织物中甲醛暴露点浓度控制上限受取样样本量限制这一影响计算值准确性的问题,随机抽取国产织物样品并对其甲醛含量进行测定,以实际取样测定值为依据,采用Bootstrap模拟取样方法对测定原始数据集进行重复取样,建立多次模拟取样的甲醛均值含量分布,并对甲醛暴露点浓度控制上限(95%UCL)进行计算,所得到的甲醛暴露点浓度控制上限为52.73mg/kg。这种方法克服了数据非正态分布及数据量小的缺陷,对数据分布形态未知的情况更具通用性。     

汽车座椅用调温纺织品的开发

调温纺织品是将相变材料与纤维和纺织品制造技术相结合开发出的一种新型功能性产品。以液体石蜡作为芯材料,合成了直径大约3.0μm的聚脲型相变微胶囊,并用涂层方法制备了汽车座椅用相变调温纺织品。测试了微胶囊的形貌、粒径及粒径分布,探讨了涂层工艺的各影响因素,分析了调温纺织品的物理性能和热性能。     

EEC Inter- laboratory Tests on Methods of Analysis of Fibre Mixtures EEC Working Party on Textile Names and Labelling - Analysis

Abstract

With today's global competitive marketplace, new textile product development requires a design, marketing, materials and technology interface. An opportunity existed to examine the new textile product development processes being used by global textile companies with a variety of textile product end-uses: apparel, home textiles, transportation, industrial, nonwovens, carpets, and medical textiles. The Crawford and DiBenedetto model (2003) was used as the conceptual framework for the study and data was collected using secondary and primary data sources. A total of 24 global companies, based in the United States, comprised the sample for this study. Each company's new textile product development processes, practices, and new products were examined, with identification of key new product development concepts being utilized. Results indicated that companies were utilizing new product development (NPD) processes as a competitive tool, but are using a combination of NPD strategies to develop and launch products in the global marketplace.     

纳米溶胶涂层对织物的改善

溶胶－凝胶技术是一种新型的通用技术，用于在不同织物上形成一种透明且具有良好附着力的金属或硅氧化物薄膜。要在织物表面合成这种涂膜，织物首先要在二氧化硅的纳米溶胶悬浮液中浸渍，然后经干燥过程，将纳米溶胶转化成为一层透明的溶胶薄膜。根据织物表面不同的性能要求，可以对涂层进行大幅度的化学或物理改性。     

表面活性剂对新型纺织品的作用

溶胶凝胶和等离子体处理技术用于开发织物的3项新性能或改良性能：低透明度、高上染率及高疏水性纺织品。通过评估表面活性剂对这三种新型纺织品的作用,发现现有洗涤配方,尤其是护色专用洗涤剂,可维持织物不透明性,并改善了最初未处理织物的白度。然而现有洗涤剂并不能很好维持织物的紫外吸收值。另一方面,护色专用洗涤剂保留了等离子体预处...     

纺织品"绿色壁垒"的新动向

评述2003年6月～2004年1月间国际市场对纺织品和纺织化学品设置的新“绿色壁垒”,指出了它们对我国纺织品和纺织化学品出口的影响,并提出了应对措施。     

原子层沉积在纺织品表面多功能改性研究进展

针对无机纳米薄膜在制备多功能纺织品时,易出现纳米粒子团聚、薄膜稳定性差以及纤维强度和柔软性降低等问题,针对性地开发具有超薄可控、高界面结合牢度和稳定性优异的无机纳米薄膜是提升纺织品多功能化的有效途径。首先阐述了原子层沉积(ALD)的反应机制和制备无机纳米薄膜的独特优势;然后综述了当前国内外经ALD制备的无机纳米薄膜赋予纺织品表面抗紫外线、隔热保温、抗菌以及结构色等功能特性的研究进展,并对比分析了ALD与化学气相沉积的优缺点,总结了ALD在纺织品功能化应用中面临的挑战和问题,最后指出用ALD制备无机纳米薄膜技术是多功能纺织品的重要发展方向。     

织物显示器件的研究进展

显示器件是电子设备不可或缺的人机交互平台，其结构朝着轻量化、柔性化、集成化方向发展。为了实现显示功能与织物的集成，同时保持织物的柔软、透气导湿、适应复杂形变等特性，围绕与织物结构有效匹配的发光材料和器件设计，综述了织物显示器件领域的发展，阐述了被应用于织物显示的发光材料及其工作原理，总结了平面、纤维和经纬交织3种织物显示器件的结构，讨论了不同材料和结构对织物显示器件的发光和显示性能、柔性、稳定性的影响，最后展望了织物显示技术的发展方向，以期为纺织和显示领域交叉融合发展提供理论和应用参考。     

纺织助剂对酶性能影响的研究

采用减量法与相对活性法相结合,对无机纺织助剂、有机纺织助剂和染料进行了研究,同时研究了有机助剂对酶的作用机理,发现一些纺织助剂能促进纤维素酶的催化反应,对酶在纺织上的应用提供指导.     

事件引导下的纺织品创新设计与实践

由于人们物质生活随着经济的发展越来越丰富,以物的设计为理念的传统纺织品设计方法逐渐难以满足纺织品个性化消费市场快速增长的需求,文章分析了基于物的设计的传统纺织品设计的基本特点和不足;以纺织品“设计营销一体化”模式为基础,提出基于事的设计的纺织品创新设计原理,通过对事的设计的设计要素（设计元、设计向、设计节）界定、设计流程和方法分析,来建立基于事的设计的纺织品创新设计理论和方法论构架;最后,通过设计实践来诠释基于事的设计的纺织品创新设计理论和方法论的实际应用价值,为信息化时代的纺织品创新设计理论和实践研究提供新的思路。     

纺织材料在医学及保健领域的应用

随着纺织生产技术及医学科学技术的发展,纺织材料在医学领域的应用得到迅速发展。文章对纺织材料在医学和保健卫生领域的应用进行了综述,叙述了医用和保健卫生用制品的种类、功能、生产方法和所用原料。     

检测纺织品力学刺激的新颖皮肤测试法

描述了霍恩斯泰因研究院开发的一种两阶段检测系统--检测纺织品力学刺激的新颖皮肤测试法.这种系统可以较准确地测试诸如伸出纤维引起的皮肤刺激.这种新方法填补了由力学刺激引起的皮肤刺激领域的空白,进一步回答了纺织品与皮肤之间相容性的问题.