大麻纤维的芬顿法脱胶及其性能

为减少纺织工业中脱胶废液的强碱强酸造成环境的污染,采用芬顿法对大麻纤维进行脱胶处理。以残胶率、断裂强力、直径、白度及纤维长度为指标,探讨pH值、七水合硫酸亚铁浓度、双氧水浓度和温度对大麻纤维脱胶效果的影响;借助红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析了大麻纤维的化学结构及结晶度变化,通过扫描电子显微镜观察了大麻纤维的脱胶效果。结果表明:最佳脱胶工艺条件为pH值6.0,七水合硫酸铁质量浓度10 g/L,双氧水质量浓度9 g/L,温度80 ℃,此时脱胶纤维残胶率为10.12％,断裂强力为32.453 cN,直径为29.745 μm,长度为 5.62 cm; 芬顿法可有效去除大麻纤维的胶质。     

Optimization of Enzyme Mixture Degumming of Ramie Fiber

An enzyme mixture was undertaken to improve degumming of ramie fiber. Optimum parameters of enzyme production were as follows: pH 8.45, temperature 40°C, inoculums size 5%, shaking speed 205 rpm, and degumming time 24 h. Using enzyme produced under the optimal conditions, the removal of residual gum of ramie fiber was 10.94% which fulfill the textile requirement. In addition, the fiber quality was measured to evaluate effective degumming and the gum in the ramie fiber was mostly degraded compared with chemical treated.     

Survey and Recent Report on Enzymatic Processing of Bast Fibers

SUMMARY

In reference to previous presentations during meetings of Working Group 2 (WG2): “Bioprocessing of Bast Fibres,” acting within the COST Action 847 Project “Textile Quality and Biotechnology,” a further update of current world knowledge on biological processing of fiber plants and textiles was prepared. This survey covers the research on utilization of particular groups of enzymes in these processes. Main areas of enzyme application in bast fiber textile industry, according to literature from 2001-2004 are: degumming of bast fibers and scouring in textile industry (before and after bleaching).

The report also covers the results of studies on enzymatic processing of fiber plants carried out at the INF, in which the work is continued on application of enzymes in: degumming of flax straw, modifying of the short technical flax fibers, linen and hemp fabrics modification, and bonding of lignocellulosic composites.     

黑曲霉苎麻脱胶工艺条件研究

为了确定利用筛选得到的优良菌种——黑曲霉An.6进行苎麻脱胶的最佳工艺条件,采用摇瓶发酵培养的方法,对影响苎麻微生物脱胶的主要因素进行研究。结果表明,用黑曲霉An.6进行苎麻脱胶的适宜条件是以未经刮制的苎麻韧皮作为主要C源,以0.4%麸皮作为附加C源,0.5%(NH4)2SO4作为N源,0.05%MgSO4、0.05%KCl、0.1%K2HPO4、0.001?SO4作为矿物源;在30℃下,150 r/min处理36~40 h左右,脱胶麻的残胶率平均为14.42%。将微生物脱胶麻用0.5%NaOH于0.1 MPa下处理30 min,精干麻的残胶率为1.33%,达到纺织工业生产要求。     

The effect of oxidation–reduction potential on the degumming of ramie fibers with hydrogen peroxide

Oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) was applied to monitor and control the oxidation reaction of peroxide hydrogen in the degumming process of ramie fibers. The effects of original pH, hydrogen peroxide dosage, oxidation temperature, and reaction time on ORP variations and fiber degumming efficiency were fully investigated. Central composite design method was used to optimize the degumming process. The optimum operating parameters were original pH 11.0, hydrogen peroxide dosage of 5.0 g/L, oxidation temperature of 85°C, and reaction time of 60 min, respectively. When the ORP value in the solution varied from +320 to +350 mV, it could achieve desired and reasonable degumming result. Under this range, the residual gum percentage of treated fibers was relatively lower and the mechanical property was better compared with other ORP values. This study could be instructive in online monitoring and control of ramie fiber preparation process using ORP as an indicating factor.     

脱胶方法对棉秆皮纤维成分及结构的影响

对原棉秆皮不同部位进行化学成分分析,利用常温水沤、常压脱胶及高压脱胶对棉秆皮进行处理,对脱胶后棉秆皮进行化学成分分析．实验结果表明：高压脱胶后棉秆皮纤维中的半纤维素和木质素含量下降最为明显,纤维素含量提高．对不同方法处理后的棉秆皮纤维的长度、线密度进行测量,用SEM、FT-IR、XRD对处理后的棉秆皮纤维表面形态结构、聚集态结构进行了表征,同时对脱胶后的棉秆皮纤维进行强伸性能等测试并得出断裂曲线．     

A novel ionic liquid degumming process for Apocynum venetum

A novel degumming process for Apocynum venetum was presented using ionic liquid (IL)–water mixture in the paper. Optimum performance for the degumming of Apocynum venetum fiber was obtained in 80% (m/m) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM][Ac]) at a temperature of 130 °C for 6 h, and the solution was maintained at the liquor ratio 1:20. The Apocynum venetum fibers before and after degumming were characterized by Scanning electron micrographs, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The result showed that the Apocynum venetum fibers degummed with IL were longer than traditional chemical method, and the breaking strength of fiber with IL degumming process was significantly improved in comparison with traditional chemical method. Therefore, the IL–water degumming for Apocynum venetum fibers could dissolve the gum of fibers, and improve the spinnability of Apocynum venetum distinctly.     

棉秆皮机械-生物酶联合脱胶工艺

 本文利用机械-生物酶联合脱胶工艺对棉秆皮进行脱胶。应用模糊数学方法处理机械-生物酶联合脱胶的正交实验评价指标值,解决了两个评价指标优化条件不一致的问题,得出机械-生物酶联合脱胶优化工艺参数为酶浓度6%,pH值4.4,温度60℃,时间8h,棉秆皮纤维的残胶率为8.09%,木质素残余率为9.64%。采用FTIR、SEM和XRD进行测试,讨论了棉秆皮纤维的化学结构、微观表面形态及纤维素结构的变化,为棉秆皮纤维的染色与产品开发提供理论指导。     

苎麻脱胶果胶复合酶的优选及其效果分析

为研发高效苎麻脱胶酶制剂,对筛选并保藏的苎麻脱胶高效菌种进行液态发酵,测定胞外酶的果胶酶活力、甘露聚糖酶活力和蛋白质含量等特征参数。通过苎麻酶法脱胶,从纤维表观形态学、质量损失率、残胶率等方面综合分析苎麻脱胶效果。结果表明：第Ｎ 组和第Ｇ 组的果胶酶活力较优,分别为61.79、13.69IU/mL,比酶活力分别为4.47、0.93IU/mg;第N组和第G组的纤维素酶活力仅为0.01、0.02IU/mL;第N组和第G组苎麻质量损失率分别为20.30%和18.69%,残胶率分别为2.52%和4.21%,均接近实际工业化应用水平;第N组的单纤维线密为5.31dtex,束纤维断裂强度为4.8cN/dtex,属于优质脱胶苎麻纤维。     

韧皮结构对罗布麻生物脱胶的影响

针对目前生物脱胶仍存在的效率低、质量不稳定等问题,以罗布麻为研究对象,从成分组成与结构分布等角度分析了罗布麻韧皮组织对生物作用的的抗性屏障。结果表明：罗布麻韧皮组织胶质组分为45%~55%,是麻纤维中胶质含量最高的;且罗布麻韧皮组织胶质层较厚,纤维束排列整齐有序,直接接触脱胶介质的表层组织中,外为角质层,内层为木质素层,结构致密,疏水性高,可及度低;罗布麻韧皮组织对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为22%和14%;罗布麻韧皮组织中的高含量胶质、特殊超微结构以及抑菌物质的存在,构成罗布麻韧皮组织在生物脱胶过程中所需要破除的多层次抗性屏障。     

苎麻微生物脱胶菌株的筛选

为改进苎麻脱胶工艺,采用选择平板初筛,脱胶发酵实验复筛,从60 株保藏菌种中筛选得到可用于苎麻微生物脱胶的优良菌种———An6。在以未经刮制的苎麻韧皮为主要碳源,015 %(NH4 ) 2 SO4 为氮源,添加0105 % MgSO4 ,0105 %KCl ,011 %K2HPO4 ,01001 %FeSO4 的培养液中,接入An6 ,置30 ℃下150 rPmin处理40 h左右,脱胶麻残胶率为15193 %。     

Degumming of decorticated ramie: Effects of alkalis on gummy compositions vis-à-vis their properties

Various alkalis, judiciously selected on the basis of their base dissociation constant (K _b), were used for degumming of ramie fiber. They were graded according to their performance with respect to the removal of individual components of the gummy material. The fiber properties were analyzed in terms of residual gum content, moisture regain, methylene blue exhaustion, whiteness index and tensile strength. Three formulations with three different alkalis were reported with the all-round degumming performance. Surface morphology of decorticated and degummed fiber samples were observed by SEM photographs.     

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle): A potential source of bast fiber

Roselle is a bast fiber, and its utilization as a textile fiber for the development of textile products is still scanty. A work has been attempted to develop yarn from Roselle. Fibers were extracted from Roselle bark by decortication and degummed in alkaline medium. The degumming process was optimized based on fiber yield and strength. The degummed fibers were then bleached by the hydrogen peroxide bleaching process. Degummed and bleached fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Degumming and bleaching results in enhancement of density, fineness, and brightness of Roselle fiber. A marginal decrease in tenacity of the Roselle fiber was observed after bleaching; however, the strength was not affected by degumming. Fibers were converted into fine yarn in the jute spinning system. The yarn properties inferred that the yarn possessed essential properties for the preparation of apparels and home furnishing.     

苎麻纤维Ca~(2+)激活生物酶脱胶及其性能表征

采用Ca2+激活生物酶脱胶方法对苎麻纤维进行脱胶,测得脱胶后精干麻纤维的细度、断裂强力、断裂伸长、残胶率、白度等5项品质指标,并与传统的碱脱胶、复配生物酶脱胶结果进行比较;通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、X-衔射等测试手段对不同脱胶方法所得的精干麻纤维性能进行表征,研究结果表明:经Ca2+激活复配生物酶脱胶后的苎麻纤维表面光滑,光泽较好,纤维细度变细,强力增加,残胶率降低,纤维断裂伸长降低.     

扫频式超声波对苎麻纤维脱胶效果的研究

文章通过采用不同频率的超声波和扫频式超声波对苎麻脱胶的对比试验，说明了扫频式超声波对苎麻脱胶的优势，并通过分析苎麻原麻的结构和超声波脱胶特性对扫频式超声波这一优势加以解释。     

野生苎麻微生物脱胶优势菌的选育及其应用

为实现对野生苎麻的生物脱胶,采用平板稀释法从沤麻液中分离得到37株菌株,并采用平板透明圈法和DNS酶活测定法筛选野生苎麻生物脱胶用优势菌株。实验结果表明,TJ03菌株的透明圈与酶活值均为最大,其水解透明圈与菌落面积的比值为19.98,果胶酶酶活和甘露聚糖酶酶活分别为9.54、8.63 U/mL。最后对TJ03的脱胶条件进行了研究,得到其最佳脱胶条件为:初始pH值7.5,浴比1∶25,接种量15%,发酵时间4 d,发酵温度35℃。在上述条件下,野生苎麻生物脱胶后残胶率为14.09%,实现了纤维从韧皮中分离。     

不同脱胶方法对野生苎麻纤维性能的影响

分别采用化学脱胶、微生物脱胶和微生物-化学联合脱胶3种方法对野生苎麻进行脱胶,测试了脱胶纤维的性能,并与人工种植苎麻进行了比较.结果表明在一定条件下,经3种不同方法脱胶后的野生苎麻纤维,残胶率最低为4.08%,最小细度为5.89 dtex,最大强度为5.59 cN/dtex,最大断裂伸长率为4.71%.     

苎麻纤维的碱性复合生物酶脱胶工艺研究

通过预处理、复合酶处理和碱精炼工艺对苎麻纤维进行脱胶处理,得到优化的碱性复合生物酶脱胶工艺:将乙二胺四乙酸二钠水溶液预处理的苎麻纤维通过果胶酶(40 g/L)和漆酶(10 g/L)的复合酶在52℃处理3 h;随后,在100℃通过NaOH水溶液(10 g/L)继续处理3 h.通过该工艺处理后的苎麻纤维残胶率为4.8％,断...     

罗布麻微波-超声波脱胶工艺的研究

文章针对罗布麻胶质含量高,脱胶比较困难的特点,介绍了-种新型的脱胶方法,即利用微波预处理、低频超声波和高频超声波相结合的方法对罗布麻进行脱胶处理.分析了罗布麻脱胶前后胶质的变化和精干麻的品质指标.实验表明,该脱胶方法能明显改善罗布麻纤维的品质,充分分离麻纤维束,并且是一种环境友好的脱胶方法.通过有无微波预处理的实验表明,微波预处理能够提高罗布麻超声波脱胶效果.